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Microstructured optical fibers: where’s the edge?

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Abstract

We establish that Microstructured Optical Fibers (MOFs) have a fundamental mode cutoff, marking the transition between modal confinement and non-confinement, and give insight into the nature of this transition through two asymptotic models that provide a mapping to conventional fibers. A small parameter space region where neither of these asymptotic models holds exists for the fundamental mode but not for the second mode; we show that designs exploiting unique MOF characteristics tend to concentrate in this preferred region.

©2002 Optical Society of America

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Operation regimes of MOFs. Lower right inset: cross section of a MOF with 3 rings of holes. Other insets: asymptotic models for large (CF1) and small (CF2) wavelengths. The shaded transition region represents the parameter subspace where MOFs cannot be described by either asymptotic model and therefore behave most unlike conventional optical fibers. Data sets are described in the text.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. A: Imaginary part of n eff as a function of wavelength on pitch, rescaled by (λ/Λ)2, for a silica structure with 3 layers of holes, with d/Λ taking the values 0.075 (top curve), 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, 0.75, 0.8 and 0.85. B: Imaginary (thin curves) and real (thick curves) part of n eff as a function of fiber radius N r Λ divided by λ for MOFs with d/Λ=0.3, for 4 (red), 6 (blue) and 8 (green) rings of holes, and for the corresponding homogenized fiber (black). All calculations in this report were done for varying pitch at fixed λ=1.55μm, where the losses in dB/m are given by 3.52×107Im(n eff).
Figure 3:
Figure 3: Width of the transition between the large wavelength asymptotic regime (CF1) and the intermediate regime as a function of Nrb, for the fundamental mode (A, b f≈ 2.97) and the second mode (B, b 2≈ 1.55). For the second mode the width of the intermediate regime tends to zero with increasing number of rings, whereas a finite transition region remains for the fundamental mode, even for N r→∞.

Equations (4)

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n ¯ z = [ f n air 2 + ( 1 f ) n m 2 ] 1 2 , ( Extraordinary index )
n ¯ n m [ ( T f ) ( T + f ) ] 1 2 , ( Ordinary index )
where T = ( n m 2 + n air 2 ) ( n m 2 n air 2 ) .
n FSM = n m n 2 ( λ Λ ) 2
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