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Real-time assessment of retinal blood flow with ultrafast acquisition by color Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography

R. A. Leitgeb, L. Schmetterer, W. Drexler, A. F. Fercher, R. J. Zawadzki, and T. Bajraszewski

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We interfaced color Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (CD-FDOCT) with a commercial OCT system to perform in vivo studies of human retinal blood flow in real time. FDOCT does not need reference arm scanning and records one full depth and Doppler profile in parallel. The system operates with an equivalent A-scan rate of 25 kHz and allows real time imaging of the color encoded Doppler information together with the tissue morphology at a rate of 2–4 tomograms (40×512 pixel) per second. The recording time of a single tomogram (160×512 data points) is only 6,4ms. Despite the high detection speed we achieve a system sensitivity of 86dB using a beam power of 500µW at the cornea. The fundus camera allows simultaneous view for selection of the region of interest. We observe bi-directional blood flow and pulsatility of blood velocity in retinal vessels with a Doppler detection bandwidth of 12.5 kHz and a longitudinal velocity sensitivity in tissue of 200µm/s.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. CD-FDOCT setup and control scheme: SLD…superluminescence diode, Ch…Chopper, DF…neutral density filter, XY-Sc…galvo scanner, BE…beam expander, DG…diffraction grating, CCD…charge coupled device, DM…dichroic mirror, FC…fundus camera, S…sample, SYNC…synchronization module, PC…personal computer.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) fundus camera image of right eye with indicated scanning position. (b) Cross section taken along the line in (a) (NFL- nerve fiber layer,GCL- ganglion cell layer, IPL/OPL-inner/outer plexiform layer, INL/ONL-inner/outer nuclear layer, ISPR/OSPR-inner/outer segment photoreceptor layer, RPE- retinal pigment epithelium, CC- Choriocapillaris,); red and blue box: regions of interest for the CD FDOCT measurements.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) CD FDOCT tomogram of the selected region in Fig.2 (red, lateral width ~ 450µm). (b) corresponding intensity tomogram. (c) Extracted flow profiles at the two vessels with parabolic curve fit (red and blue lines for left and right vessel in (a) respectively). Shown is the longitudinal velocity component. The blue profile is shifted in depth as compared to the red profile due to the different depth locations of the vessels.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) CD FDOCT tomogram of the selected region in Fig. 2 (blue, lateral width ~350µm). (b) Corresponding intensity tomogram. (c) Extracted flow profiles at systolic (blue line) and diastolic (red line) part of the heart cycle. Shown is the longitudinal velocity component.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (a): Movie for Fig. 3 (1.2 MB). (b) Movie for Fig. 4 (1.08MB).

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