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Supercontinuum generation in submicron fibre waveguides

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Abstract

Submicron-diameter tapered fibres and photonic crystal fibre cores, both of which are silica-air waveguides with low dispersion at 532 nm, were made using a conventional tapering process. In just cm of either waveguide, ns pulses from a low-power 532-nm microchip laser generated a single-mode supercontinuum broad enough to fill the visible spectrum without spreading far beyond it.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (1)

Media 1: MPG (1087 KB)     

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Figures (8)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) (1060 kB) Evolution of the calculated dispersion spectra of taper waists as the diameter (labelled) decreases. The straight lines mark zero dispersion and 532 nm wavelength. (b) A schematic tapered fibre, showing the waist connected to untapered fibre by transitions, and the spread of the mode to fill the fibre in the narrow waist.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. SEM image of a taper waist with a nominal diameter of 620 nm, as predicted by Eq. 1.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Output far-field patterns from a tapered fibre for (a) low and (b) maximum power. The pattern in (b) was passed through 10-nm bandpass filters at (c) 633, (d) 589 and (e) 450 nm.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. SC spectra generated by taper waists for diameter, length and average laser power of (a) 920 nm, 90 mm and ~3 mW, and (b) 510 nm, 20 mm and ~1.5 mW, respectively. The red curve is for a sample made from Nufern 630-HP fibre instead of Corning SMF-28.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The variation with input power of the SC spectrum from a waist of diameter 920 nm and length 90 mm.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. PCF cores of diameter 3.1 (untapered), 0.7 and 0.5 µm (left to right; different scales).
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (a) Tapering a PCF to make a submicron core in the waist and facilitate input coupling. (b) Conventional fibre drawing: the drawing force F is uniform, so wider parts of the neck-down region are being drawn under low stress even if the final fibre is at breaking stress.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Supercontinuum spectra generated by PCF cores of diameter (a) 700 nm and (b) 500 nm. Both were 90 mm long and carried an average laser power of ~1.7 mW.

Tables (1)

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Table 1. Typical loss per unit waist length, for our taper waists with the specified diameter and length

Equations (1)

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d n + 1 d n = [ 1 v 2 u 1 + v 2 u ] 1 2 .
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