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Ultra-low threshold supercontinuum generation in sub-wavelength waveguides

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Abstract

We show that optical waveguides with sub-wavelength transverse dimensions optimize the effective nonlinearity and provide desireable dispersive properties for generating supercontinuum with ultra-low threshold power. Using a tapered small-core microstructured fiber with a sub-wavelength diameter core, we generate an octave-spanning supercontinuum with 250 pJ pulses from a femtosecond modelocked Ti:sapphire oscillator.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. The mode-field diameter and effective nonlinearity γ as functions of core diameter for a cylindrical glass waveguide in air.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Group velocity dispersion of a 554 nm diameter and a 2.3 µm diameter glass rod in air.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. SEM image of the (a),(b) untapered and (c),(d) tapered fiber cross sections.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. The core diameter and outer fiber diameter measured at various points along the fiber taper.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Core diameter profiles of the tapered microstructured fibers.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Supercontinuum generated in (a) a 650 nm core diameter tapered microstructured fiber, (b) a 675 nm core diameter tapered microstructured fiber, and (c) an untapered microstructured fiber with 2.3 µm core diameter.

Equations (1)

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𝓓 HE 11 = 0.854 λ ( n core + n clad ) 0.6 ( n core n clad ) 0.4 .
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