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Novel detection of aerosols: combined cavity ring-down and fluorescence spectroscopy

Bruce A. Richman, Alexander A. Kachanov, Barbara A. Paldus, and Anthony W. Strawa

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

High fluences inside cavity ring-down spectroscopy optical resonators lend themselves to fluorescence or nonlinear optical spectroscopy. An instrument at 488 nm was developed to measure extinction, and fluorescence of aerosols. A detection limit of 6×10-9 cm- 1Hz-1/2 (0.6 Mm-1Hz-1/2) was achieved. The fluorescence spectral power collected from a single fluorescent microsphere was 10 to 20 pW/nm. This power is sufficient to obtain the spectrum of a single microsphere with a resolution of 10 nm and signal-to-noise ratio of ~10. The relative concentrations of two types of fluorescent microspheres were determined from a time-integrated fluorescence measurement of a mixture of both.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (Bottom) Cavity ring-down system used for simultaneous measurement of extinction and fluorescence of aerosols. (Top left): photograph of system, (Top right): rendering of the ring-down cavity with fluorescence detection optics attached.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Cutaway view inside ring-down cavity showing the optical path and (b) gas handling system for ring-down system.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Measured ring-down time in air over 1000 events (ring-downs).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Comparison between: (a) 550 nm fluorescence channel and ring-down detector, (b) 650 nm fluorescence channel and ring-down detector, and (c) 550 nm and 650 nm channels.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Correlation between integrated fluorescence signals from the 550 nm and 650 nm fluorescence detectors when using the 550 nm microspheres.

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

I ( t , λ ) = I o e − t ⁄ τ ( λ )
σ ext = 1 c ( 1 τ aer − 1 τ 0 )
α min = 1 l eff ( Δ τ τ ) ,
I intracavity = P c T ξ 1 − R
Ω = 4 π sin ⁡ ( θ 4 ) 2
[ 550 spheres 650 spheres ] = [ 0.7 − 0.024 − 0.336 2 ] [ 550 channel 650 channel ]
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