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Photonic band-edge micro lasers with quantum dot gain

Masahiro Nomura, Satoshi Iwamoto, Aniwat Tandaechanurat, Yasutomo Ota, Naoto Kumagai, and Yasuhiko Arakawa

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We demonstrate optically pumped continuous-wave photonic band-edge microlasers on a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. Lasing was observed at a photonic band-edge, where the group velocity was significantly small near the K point of the band structure having a triangular lattice. Lasing was achieved by using a quantum dot gain material, which resulted in a significant decrease in the laser threshold, compared with photonic band-edge lasers using quantum well gain material. Extremely low laser thresholds of ~80 nW at 6 K was achieved. Lasing was observed in a defect-free photonic crystal as small as ~7 μm square.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrograph of a two-dimensional Ph band-edge laser with InAs QD gain material. Efficient distributed feedback at a photonic band-edge causes lasing in this defect-free PhC microstructure.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Band structure of the TE-like mode of a two-dimensional PhC with r/a = 0.30 and d/a = 0.67. (b) Magnetic field distribution normal to the slab of the band-edge mode at a/λ ~ 0.255 and the K point calculated using the FDTD method. (c) Spatial Fourier spectrum of the in-plane electric field of the band-edge mode. The circular and hexagonal white broken lines denote the air light line and the first Brillouin zone, respectively.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Photoluminescence spectrum of PhC patterns with different periods of lattice at CW pumping of 1 μW and measured at 6 K. (b) Experimental and simulated band-edge mode wavelengths for the lasers with different lattice constants.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Lasing spectrum of the optically pumped QD-based Ph band-edge laser at CW pumping of 1 μW and measured at 6 K. (b) Light-in versus light-out plot of the band-edge mode at 919.3 nm plotted on a log-log scale. The green broken lines denote a linear increase of an eye guide. The threshold pump power was ~80 nW, which was measured on the surface the sample. (c) Dependence of the linewidth on the pump power of the investigated band-edge mode. The linewidth shows typical lasing characteristic, which is observed in a microcavity laser.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (a) Lasing spectrum of the optically pumped QW-based Ph band-edge laser at quasi-CW (1 kHz, duty cycle: 1%) pumping of 1 mW and measured at 6 K. (b) Light-in versus light out plot of the QW-based band-edge mode at 901 nm plotted on the log-log scale. The threshold peak pump power is ~350 μW. (c) Dependence of the linewidth on the pump power of the band-edge mode. The linewidth reached a spectral resolution limit of ~20 pm of the detection system, which was sufficiently above the laser threshold.

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Equations (3)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

g(ħω)=CgP(ħω,σE)[fc(ħω)−fv(ħω)],
Cg=2πe2M2m02ε0cnωV0.
g(ħω)=Nex−NQDNQDCgP(ħω,σE).
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