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High-Q design of semiconductor-based ultrasmall photonic crystal nanocavity

Masahiro Nomura, Katsuaki Tanabe, Satoshi Iwamoto, and Yasuhiko Arakawa

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We report a high-Q design for a semiconductor-based two-dimensional zero-cell photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity with a small mode volume. The optimization of displacements of hexagonal-lattice air holes in the Γ-M direction, in addition to the Γ-K direction, resulted in a cavity quality factor Q of 2.8 × 105 sustaining the small modal volume of 0.23(λ 0/n)3. The momentum space consideration of out-of-plane radiation loss showed that the optimization of air hole displacements in both the in-plane x and y directions reduced FT components in the leaky region along the k x and k y axes, respectively. This high-Q cavity design is applicable to Si and GaAs semiconductor materials.

©2010 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) Schematic diagram of hexagonal-PhC H0-type nanocavity (top view). Band structure of fundamental TE-like mode calculated using 3D plane-wave expansion method. The air light cone (blue), PBG (light green), and typical cavity mode (orange) are shown. (c-e) 3D FDTD simulated profiles of E x, E y and H z components for fundamental mode.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) Calculated cavity Q of fundamental mode with different S 1y values with fixed S 1x of 0.14a. The value of Q increases from 1.2 × 105 to 2.1 × 105. (b) Calculated cavity Q of fundamental mode with different S 3x values for S 1x = 0.14a, S 2x = 0, S 1y = 0.04a, and S 2y = 0.02a. Q increases from 2.2 × 105 to 2.8 × 105. The mode volume V m of Cavity C increased by only 6% as compared to that of Cavity A, whereas Q increased by more than twice.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a–c) 2D spatial FT spectra of E x for Cavities A, B, and C at center of slab. (d–f) Magnified FT spectra of (a–c), respectively. The white circles indicate the cross section of the surface of the light cone for the cavity mode’s ω. The electric field components inside the circle are leaky components that result in out-of-plane radiation.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 FT components of E x for Cavities A (green), B (blue), and C (red) on (a) k x and (b) k y axes. The gray region indicates the interior of the light cone. Smaller integrated components of FT(E x) in the light cone result in less out-of-plane radiation loss. The optimization of S ix and S iy reasonably lead to smaller integration components of FT(E x) in (a) and (b), respectively.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 Cavity Q and shift of air holes for each type of cavity.

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