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Isolated sub-fs XUV pulse generation in Mn plasma ablation

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Abstract

We report studies of high-order harmonic generation in laser-produced manganese plasmas using sub-4-fs drive laser pulses. The measured spectra exhibit resonant enhancement of a small spectral region of about 2.5 eV width around the 31st harmonic (~50eV). The intensity contrast relative to the directly adjacent harmonics exceeds one order of magnitude. This finding is in sharp contrast to the results reported previously for multi-cycle laser pulses [Physical Review A 76, 023831 (2007)]. Theoretical modelling suggests that the enhanced harmonic emission forms an isolated sub-femtosecond pulse.

©2012 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Experimental setup for harmonic generation in plasma plumes. FP: femtosecond harmonic drive pulse, HP: picosecond heating pulse, A: aperture, HHGC: high-order harmonic generation chamber, FM: focussing mirror, L: focussing lens, T: target, P: plasma, XUVS: extreme ultraviolet spectrometer, FFG: flat field grating, MCP: microchannel plate and phosphor screen detector, CCD: CCD camera.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Harmonic spectra from the silver plasma (upper curve) and manganese plasma (bottom curve).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Raw images of harmonic spectra from manganese plasma in the case of (a) 40 fs and (b) 3.5 fs probe pulses obtained at the same intensity. (c) Raw images of harmonic spectra from Mn plasma at different pressures of neon in the hollow fiber obtained at the same energy of probe laser pulses.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a) Potential used for the numerical simulations. (b,c) Calculated HHG spectra using (b) a long (40 fs) pulse and (c) few-cycle pulses at different values of the CEP (φ = 0, π/4, and π/2).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Experimental harmonic spectra generated from manganese plasma in the case of the absence of gas in the hollow fibre compressor (t = 25 fs) and random CEP (upper panel), and at 3 bar pressure (t = 3.5 fs) at fixed CEP (φ = 0, middle panel; φ = π/2, bottom panel).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Calculated results for HHG driven by (a) a long (40 fs) pulse with CEP φ = π/4 and (b-d) few-cycle pulses with CEPs of (b) φ = 0, (c) φ = π/4, and (d) φ = π/2. The top panels show the HHG temporal intensity profile obtained as the square of the time-dependent dipole acceleration after high pass filtering above 32.7 eV. The middle panels show the time-frequency diagrams. The red curves in the bottom panels show the time dependence of the electric field of the driving laser pulse.

Equations (2)

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V(x)=a+ a 1+exp( x+b c ) + a 1+exp( x+b c ) + d/(e+ x 2 ) 1+exp( x+b c ) + d/(e+ x 2 ) 1+exp( x+b c ) ,
G(ω,t)= dτ a(τ)exp(iωτ)exp( (tτ) 2 2 σ 2 ) 2π σ 2 ,
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