A system for full-field laser Doppler blood flow imaging has been developed and tested on biomedical samples. The new imaging system allows 2D flow maps or monitoring flux signals to be obtained from a plurality of measured points simultaneously by using a 2D array of photodetectors. The detection part of the system is based on an intelligent CMOS camera with a built-in digital signal processor and memory. The imaging time of the system is as much as to 4 times faster than for the conventional scanning laser Doppler imager. The performance of the system was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The first measurement results with this new system on human skin are reported.

© 2005 Optical Society of America

1. A. P. Shepherd and P. �?. �?berg, Laser-Doppler Blood Flowmetry (Kluwer Academic, Boston, 1990).
2. K.Wårdell, A.Jakobsson, and G .E. Nilsson, �??Laser Doppler perfusion imaging by dynamic light scattering,�?? IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 40, 309-316 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. T. J. H. Essex and P. O. Byrne, �??A laser Doppler scanner for imaging blood flow in skin,�?? J. Biomed. Eng. 13, 189-193 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. H. Fujii, K. Nohira, Y. Yamamoto, H. Ikawa, and T. Ohura, �??Evaluation of blood flow by laser speckle image sensing. Part 1,�?? Appl. Opt. 26, 5321-5325 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. J. D. Briers, G. Richards, and X. W. He, �??Capillary blood flow monitoring using laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA),�?? J. Biomed. Opt. 4, 164-175 (1999). [CrossRef]
6. J. D. Briers, �??Laser Doppler, speckle and related techniques for blood perfusion mapping and imaging,�?? Physiol. Meas. 22, R35-R66 (2001). [CrossRef]
7. A. Serov, W. Steenbergen, and F. F. M. de Mul, �??Laser Doppler perfusion imaging with a complimentary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor,�?? Opt. Lett. 25, 300-302 (2002). [CrossRef]
8. R.Bonner and R.Nossal, �??Model for laser Doppler measurements of blood flow in tissue,�?? Appl. Opt. 20, 2097-2107 (1981). [CrossRef]
9. S. T. Flock, S. L. Jacques, B. C. Wilson, W. M. Star, and M. J. C. van Gemert, �??Optical properties of intralipid: a phantom medium for light propagation studies,�?? Lasers Surgery Med. 12, 510-519 (1992). [CrossRef]
10. E. R. Fossum, �??CMOS image sensors: electronic camera-on-a-chip,�?? IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 44, 1698-1698 (1997). [CrossRef]
11. A. Serov, W. Steenbergen, and F. F. M. de Mul, �??Prediction of the photodetector signal generated by Doppler-induced speckle fluctuations: theory and some validations,�?? J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 622-630 (2001).

Appl. Opt.

• H. Fujii, K. Nohira, Y. Yamamoto, H. Ikawa, and T. Ohura, �??Evaluation of blood flow by laser speckle image sensing. Part 1,�?? Appl. Opt. 26, 5321-5325 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• R.Bonner and R.Nossal, �??Model for laser Doppler measurements of blood flow in tissue,�?? Appl. Opt. 20, 2097-2107 (1981). [CrossRef]

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

• K.Wårdell, A.Jakobsson, and G .E. Nilsson, �??Laser Doppler perfusion imaging by dynamic light scattering,�?? IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 40, 309-316 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

• E. R. Fossum, �??CMOS image sensors: electronic camera-on-a-chip,�?? IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 44, 1698-1698 (1997). [CrossRef]

J. Biomed. Eng.

• T. J. H. Essex and P. O. Byrne, �??A laser Doppler scanner for imaging blood flow in skin,�?? J. Biomed. Eng. 13, 189-193 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Biomed. Opt.

• J. D. Briers, G. Richards, and X. W. He, �??Capillary blood flow monitoring using laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA),�?? J. Biomed. Opt. 4, 164-175 (1999). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

• A. Serov, W. Steenbergen, and F. F. M. de Mul, �??Prediction of the photodetector signal generated by Doppler-induced speckle fluctuations: theory and some validations,�?? J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 622-630 (2001).

Lasers Surgery Med.

• S. T. Flock, S. L. Jacques, B. C. Wilson, W. M. Star, and M. J. C. van Gemert, �??Optical properties of intralipid: a phantom medium for light propagation studies,�?? Lasers Surgery Med. 12, 510-519 (1992). [CrossRef]

Opt. Lett.

• A. Serov, W. Steenbergen, and F. F. M. de Mul, �??Laser Doppler perfusion imaging with a complimentary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor,�?? Opt. Lett. 25, 300-302 (2002). [CrossRef]

Physiol. Meas.

• J. D. Briers, �??Laser Doppler, speckle and related techniques for blood perfusion mapping and imaging,�?? Physiol. Meas. 22, R35-R66 (2001). [CrossRef]

Other

• A. P. Shepherd and P. �?. �?berg, Laser-Doppler Blood Flowmetry (Kluwer Academic, Boston, 1990).

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