A sharp 90 degree bend in a dual mode trench waveguide is analyzed by means of the MMP method. Through evolutionary strategy optimization, different configurations with low reflection, low radiation, low mode conversion, and therefore high transmission for the dominant mode are obtained. Three different types of bends are analyzed and compared: mirror-based structures, resonator-based structures, and structures with a small photonic crystal in the bend area. The local photonic crystal helps not only suppressing radiation but also provides solutions with fewer fabrication tolerance problems.

© 2006 Optical Society of America

1. H. F. Taylor, "Losses at corner bends in dielectric waveguides," Appl. Opt. 16, 711 (1977). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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3. H.-B. Lin, J.-Y. Su, P.-K. Wei, and W.-S. Wang, "Design and application of very low-loss abrupt bends in optical waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30, 2827-2835 (1994). [CrossRef]
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6. C. Manolatou, S. G. Johnson, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, H. A. Haus, and J. D. Joannopoulos, " High-density integrated optics," J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1682 (1999). [CrossRef]
7. R. L. Espinola, R. U. Ahmad, F. Pizzuto, M. J. Steel and R. M. Osgood, Jr. "A study of high-index-contrast 90 degree waveguide bend structures," Opt. Express 8, 517-528 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. G. P. Nordin, S. Kim, J. Cai, and J. Jiang, "Hybrid integration of conventional waveguide and photonic crystal structures," Opt. Express 10, 1334-1341 (2002). [PubMed]
9. http://wwwhome.math.utwente.nl/~hammer/eims.html.
10. C. Xudong, C. Hafner, R. Vahldieck, "Design of ultra-compact metallo-dielectric photonic crystal filters," Opt. Express 13, 6175-6180 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. A. Melloni, F. Carniel, R. Costa, and M. Martinelli, "Determination of bend mode characteristics in dielectric waveguides," J. Lightwave Technol. 19, 571 (2001). [CrossRef]
12. A. Melloni, P. Monguzzi, R. Costa, and M. Martinelli, "Design of curved waveguides: the matched bend," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 130-137 (2003). [CrossRef]
13. D. Marcuse, "Mode conversion caused by surface imperfections of a dielectric slab waveguide," Bell. Syst. Tech. J. 48, 3187-3215 (1969).
14. J. Merle Elson, "Propagation in planar waveguides and the effects of wall roughness," Opt. Express 9, 461-475 (2001). [CrossRef]
15. A. Hakansson, J. Sanchez-Dehesa, and L. Sanchis, "Inverse design of Photonic Crystal devices," IEEE Trans. Sel. Areas in communications 23, 365-1371 (2005).

Appl. Opt.

• H. F. Taylor, "Losses at corner bends in dielectric waveguides," Appl. Opt. 16, 711 (1977). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Bell. Syst. Tech. J.

• D. Marcuse, "Mode conversion caused by surface imperfections of a dielectric slab waveguide," Bell. Syst. Tech. J. 48, 3187-3215 (1969).

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

• H.-B. Lin, J.-Y. Su, P.-K. Wei, and W.-S. Wang, "Design and application of very low-loss abrupt bends in optical waveguides," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30, 2827-2835 (1994). [CrossRef]

J. Lightwave Technol.

• C. Manolatou, S. G. Johnson, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, H. A. Haus, and J. D. Joannopoulos, " High-density integrated optics," J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1682 (1999). [CrossRef]
• A. Melloni, F. Carniel, R. Costa, and M. Martinelli, "Determination of bend mode characteristics in dielectric waveguides," J. Lightwave Technol. 19, 571 (2001). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

• A. Melloni, P. Monguzzi, R. Costa, and M. Martinelli, "Design of curved waveguides: the matched bend," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 130-137 (2003). [CrossRef]
• J. Smajic, C. Hafner and D. Erni, "Optimization of photonic crystal structures," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21, 2223-2232 (2004). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• C. Xudong, C. Hafner, R. Vahldieck, "Design of ultra-compact metallo-dielectric photonic crystal filters," Opt. Express 13, 6175-6180 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Merle Elson, "Propagation in planar waveguides and the effects of wall roughness," Opt. Express 9, 461-475 (2001). [CrossRef]
• R. L. Espinola, R. U. Ahmad, F. Pizzuto, M. J. Steel and R. M. Osgood, Jr. "A study of high-index-contrast 90 degree waveguide bend structures," Opt. Express 8, 517-528 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• G. P. Nordin, S. Kim, J. Cai, and J. Jiang, "Hybrid integration of conventional waveguide and photonic crystal structures," Opt. Express 10, 1334-1341 (2002). [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• T. Shiina, K. Shiraishi, and S. Kawakami, "Waveguide-bend configuration with low-loss characteristics," Opt. Lett. 11, 736-738 (1986). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

• http://alphard.ethz.ch/hafner/MaX/max1.htm.
• http://wwwhome.math.utwente.nl/~hammer/eims.html.
• A. Hakansson, J. Sanchez-Dehesa, and L. Sanchis, "Inverse design of Photonic Crystal devices," IEEE Trans. Sel. Areas in communications 23, 365-1371 (2005).

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