Calibrated near-forward volume scattering function obtained from the LISST particle sizer

doi:10.1364/OE.14.003602

Calibrated near-forward volume scattering function obtained from the LISST particle sizer

Wayne H. Slade and Emmanuel S. Boss »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 14, Issue 8, pp. 3602-3615 (2006)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.003602

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Abstract

The physical nature of particles, such as size, shape, and composition govern their angular light scattering, which is described by the volume scattering function (VSF). Despite the fact that the VSF is one of the most important inherent optical properties, it has rarely been measured in aquatic environments since no commercial instrument exists to measure the full VSF in the field. The commonly used LISST (Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry) particle sizer (Sequoia Scientific, http://www.sequoiasci.com) measures near-forward angular scattering of a laser source (λ = 670 nm) at 32 logarithmically-spaced photodetectors arranged between 0.08 and 15 degrees and inverts the data to obtain particle size distribution (PSD). In order to calibrate the LISST to provide the near-forward VSF of unknown particle suspensions, we analyzed the scattering of light by polystyrene bead suspensions of known size distributions and composition, and empirically compared it with the results of Mie theory. This (1) allowed us to obtain a set of instrument specific scaling factors needed to retrieve the magnitude of the VSF and (2) provided validation that the shape of the VSF was appropriately obtained.

OCIS Codes
(000.2170) General : Equipment and techniques
(010.4450) Atmospheric and oceanic optics : Oceanic optics
(120.5820) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Scattering measurements
(290.4020) Scattering : Mie theory
(290.5820) Scattering : Scattering measurements
(290.5850) Scattering : Scattering, particles

ToC Category:
Scattering

History
Original Manuscript: November 15, 2005
Revised Manuscript: March 30, 2006
Manuscript Accepted: April 11, 2006
Published: April 17, 2006

Virtual Issues
Vol. 1, Iss. 5 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics

Citation
Wayne H. Slade and Emmanuel S. Boss, "Calibrated near-forward volume scattering function obtained from the LISST particle sizer," Opt. Express 14, 3602-3615 (2006)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-8-3602

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References

C.D. Mobley, Light and Water (Academic Press, San Diego, 1994).
D.J. Bogucki, J.A. Domaradzki, R.E. Ecke and C.R. Truman, "Light scattering on oceanic turbulence," Appl. Opt. 43, 5662-5668 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
X. Zhang, M. Lewis, M. Lee, B. Johnson and G. Korotaev, "The volume scattering function of natural bubble populations," Limnol. Oceanogr. 47, 1273-1282 (2002). [CrossRef]
E. Boss, W.S. Pegau, M. Lee, M.S. Twardowski, E. Shybanov, G. Korotaev and F. Baratange, "The particulate backscattering ratio at LEO 15 and its use to study particle composition and distribution," J. Geophys. Res. 109(C01014), doi:10.1029/2002JC001514 (2004).
C.F Bohren and D.R. Huffman, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1983).
M.I. Mishchenko, L.D. Travis, and A.A. Lacis, Scattering, Absorption, and Emission of Light by Small Particles (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002).
C.D. Mobley, L.K. Sundman, and E. Boss, "Phase function effects on oceanic light fields," Appl. Opt. 41, 1035-1050 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M.E. Lee and M.R. Lewis, "A new method for the measurement of the optical volume scattering function in the upper ocean," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 20(4), 563-571 (2003). [CrossRef]
T.J. Petzold, "Volume scattering functions for selected ocean waters," Contract No. N62269-71-C-0676, UCSD, SIO Ref. 72-78 (1972).
WETLabs Inc. (http://www.wetlabs.com), PO Box 518, Philomath, OR 97370.
G.R. Fournier and J.L. Forand, "Analytical phase function for ocean water," in Ocean Optics XII, J.S. Jaffe, ed., Proc. SPIE 2258, 194-201 (1994). [CrossRef]
Sequoia Scientific Inc. (http://www.sequoiasci.com), 2700 Richards Road, Suite 107, Bellevue, WA 98005.
P. Traykovski, R. Latter, and J.D. Irish, "A laboratory evaluation of the LISST instrument using natural sediments," Mar. Geol. 159, 355-367 (1999). [CrossRef]
Y.C. Agrawal and C. Pottsmith, "Instruments for particle size and settling velocity observations in sediment transport," Mar. Geol. 168(1-4), 89-114 (2000). [CrossRef]
Y.C. Agrawal and P. Traykovski, "Particles in the bottom boundary layer: concentration and size dynamics through events," J. Geophys. Res. 106(C5), 9533-9542 (2001). [CrossRef]
Y.C. Agrawal, "The optical volume scattering function: Temporal and vertical variability in the water column off the New Jersey coast," Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(6), 1787-1794 (2005). [CrossRef]
Duke Scientific Corporation (http://www.dukesci.com), 2463 Faber Place, Palo Alto, CA 94303.
X. Ma, J.Q. Lu, R.S. Brock, K.M. Jacobs, P. Yang, and X. Hu, "Determination of complex refractive index of polystyrene microspheres from 370 to 1610 nm," Phys. Med. Biol. 48, 4165-4172 (2003). [CrossRef]
P.W. Holland and R.E. Welsch, "Robust regression using iteratively reweighted least-squares," Comm. Stat.: Theory Meth. A6, 813-827 (1977). [CrossRef]
W.H. Slade, "LISST Calibration Information," (http://misclab.umeoce.maine.edu/code/lisstvsf.html).
A. Morel, "Optical properties of pure water and pure sea water," in Optical Aspects of Oceanography, N. G. Jerlov and E. S. Neilsen, eds. (Academic, New York, 1974), pp. 1-24.
K.J. Voss and E.S. Fry, "Measurement of the Mueller matrix for ocean water," Appl. Opt. 23, 4427-4439 (1984). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt.

Comm. Stat.: Theory Meth.

P.W. Holland and R.E. Welsch, "Robust regression using iteratively reweighted least-squares," Comm. Stat.: Theory Meth. A6, 813-827 (1977). [CrossRef]

J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.

M.E. Lee and M.R. Lewis, "A new method for the measurement of the optical volume scattering function in the upper ocean," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 20(4), 563-571 (2003). [CrossRef]

J. Geophys. Res.

E. Boss, W.S. Pegau, M. Lee, M.S. Twardowski, E. Shybanov, G. Korotaev and F. Baratange, "The particulate backscattering ratio at LEO 15 and its use to study particle composition and distribution," J. Geophys. Res. 109(C01014), doi:10.1029/2002JC001514 (2004).
Y.C. Agrawal and P. Traykovski, "Particles in the bottom boundary layer: concentration and size dynamics through events," J. Geophys. Res. 106(C5), 9533-9542 (2001). [CrossRef]

Limnol. Oceanogr.

Y.C. Agrawal, "The optical volume scattering function: Temporal and vertical variability in the water column off the New Jersey coast," Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(6), 1787-1794 (2005). [CrossRef]
X. Zhang, M. Lewis, M. Lee, B. Johnson and G. Korotaev, "The volume scattering function of natural bubble populations," Limnol. Oceanogr. 47, 1273-1282 (2002). [CrossRef]

Mar. Geol.

P. Traykovski, R. Latter, and J.D. Irish, "A laboratory evaluation of the LISST instrument using natural sediments," Mar. Geol. 159, 355-367 (1999). [CrossRef]
Y.C. Agrawal and C. Pottsmith, "Instruments for particle size and settling velocity observations in sediment transport," Mar. Geol. 168(1-4), 89-114 (2000). [CrossRef]

Phys. Med. Biol.

X. Ma, J.Q. Lu, R.S. Brock, K.M. Jacobs, P. Yang, and X. Hu, "Determination of complex refractive index of polystyrene microspheres from 370 to 1610 nm," Phys. Med. Biol. 48, 4165-4172 (2003). [CrossRef]

Other

C.D. Mobley, Light and Water (Academic Press, San Diego, 1994).
W.H. Slade, "LISST Calibration Information," (http://misclab.umeoce.maine.edu/code/lisstvsf.html).
A. Morel, "Optical properties of pure water and pure sea water," in Optical Aspects of Oceanography, N. G. Jerlov and E. S. Neilsen, eds. (Academic, New York, 1974), pp. 1-24.
Duke Scientific Corporation (http://www.dukesci.com), 2463 Faber Place, Palo Alto, CA 94303.
C.F Bohren and D.R. Huffman, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1983).
M.I. Mishchenko, L.D. Travis, and A.A. Lacis, Scattering, Absorption, and Emission of Light by Small Particles (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002).
T.J. Petzold, "Volume scattering functions for selected ocean waters," Contract No. N62269-71-C-0676, UCSD, SIO Ref. 72-78 (1972).
WETLabs Inc. (http://www.wetlabs.com), PO Box 518, Philomath, OR 97370.
G.R. Fournier and J.L. Forand, "Analytical phase function for ocean water," in Ocean Optics XII, J.S. Jaffe, ed., Proc. SPIE 2258, 194-201 (1994). [CrossRef]
Sequoia Scientific Inc. (http://www.sequoiasci.com), 2700 Richards Road, Suite 107, Bellevue, WA 98005.

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