Dispersion engineering of highly nonlinear As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> waveguides for parametric gain and wavelength conversion

doi:10.1364/OE.15.009458

Dispersion engineering of highly nonlinear As₂S₃ waveguides for parametric gain and wavelength conversion

Michael R. Lamont, C. M. de Sterke, and Benjamin J. Eggleton »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 15, pp. 9458-9463 (2007)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.009458

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Abstract

We numerically demonstrate the use of waveguide dispersion to shift the zero-dispersion wavelength of an As2S3 waveguide to telecom wavelengths. The device implications for parametric gain and wavelength-conversion via four-wave mixing are investigated, giving an operating bandwidth of 550 nm. We also show that the photosensitivity of chalcogenide can be used for post-fabrication tuning of waveguide dispersion characteristics.

OCIS Codes
(130.4310) Integrated optics : Nonlinear
(190.2620) Nonlinear optics : Harmonic generation and mixing
(190.4380) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing
(230.7390) Optical devices : Waveguides, planar

ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics

History
Original Manuscript: June 6, 2007
Revised Manuscript: June 29, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: July 2, 2007
Published: July 16, 2007

Citation
Michael R. Lamont, C. M. de Sterke, and Benjamin J. Eggleton, "Dispersion engineering of highly nonlinear As₂S₃ waveguides for parametric gain and wavelength conversion," Opt. Express 15, 9458-9463 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-15-9458

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References

M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441, 960-963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Q. Lin, J. D. Zhang, P. M. Fauchet, and G. P. Agrawal, "Ultrabroadband parametric generation and wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4786-4799 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4357-4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. L. Ruan, W. T. Li, R. Jarvis, N. Madsen, A. Rode, and B. Luther-Davies, "Fabrication and characterization of low loss rib chalcogenide waveguides made by dry etching," Opt. Express 12, 5140-5145 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Madden, Laser Physics Centre, RSPhysSE, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, email: sjm111@rsphy1.anu.edu.au (personal communication, 2007).
G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic Press, San Diego, California, 2001), Chap. 10.
N. Ho, J. M. Laniel, R. Vallee, and A. Villeneuve, "Photosensitivity of As2S3 chalcogenide thin films at 1.5 μm," Opt. Lett. 28, 965-967 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. J. McKinstrie, S. Radic, and A. R. Chraplyvy, "Parametric amplifiers driven by two pump waves," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. 8, 538-547 (2002). [CrossRef]
M. D. Pelusi, V. G. Ta’eed, M. R. E. Lamont, S. Madden, D. Y. Choi, B. Luther-Davies, and B. J. Eggleton, "Ultra-high nonlinear As2S3 planar waveguide for 160 Gbs optical time-division demultiplexing by four-wave mixing," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.submitted (2007). [CrossRef]
T. K. Liang, and H. K. Tsang, "Nonlinear absorption and Raman scattering in silicon-on-insulator optical waveguides," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. 10, 1149-1153 (2004). [CrossRef]
H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 μm wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
M. Asobe, T. Kanamori, K. Naganuma, H. Itoh, and T. Kaino, "Third-Order Nonlinear Spectroscopy in As2S3 Chalcogenide Glass-Fibers," J. Appl. Phys. 77, 5518-5523 (1995). [CrossRef]
M. Shokooh-Saremi, V. G. Ta'eed, N. J. Baker, I. C. M. Littler, D. J. Moss, B. J. Eggleton, Y. L. Ruan, and B. Luther-Davies, "High-performance Bragg gratings in chalcogenide rib waveguides written with a modified Sagnac interferometer," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23, 1323-1331 (2006). [CrossRef]
A. Saliminia, A. Villeneuve, T. V. Galstyan, S. LaRochelle, and K. Richardson, "First- and second-order Bragg gratings in single-mode planar waveguides of chalcogenide glasses," J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 837-842 (1999). [CrossRef]
K. Finsterbusch, N. Baker, V. G. Ta'eed, B. J. Eggleton, D. Choi, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davis, "Long-period gratings in chalcogenide (As2S3) rib waveguides," Electron. Lett. 42, 1094-1095 (2006). [CrossRef]
N. J. Baker, H. W. Lee, I. C. M. Littler, C. M. de Sterke, B. J. Eggleton, D. Y. Choi, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davies, "Sampled Bragg gratings in chalcogenide (As2S3) rib-waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 9451-9459 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. W. Lee, C. Grillet, C. L. C. Smith, D. J. Moss, B. J. Eggleton, D. Freeman, B. Luther-Davies, S. Madden, A. Rode, Y. L. Ruan, and Y. H. Lee, "Photosensitive post tuning of chalcogenide photonic crystal waveguides," Opt. Express 15, 1277-1285 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Tomljenovic-Hanic, M. J. Steel, C. M. de Sterke, and D. J. Moss, "High-Q cavities in photosensitive photonic crystals," Opt. Lett. 32, 542-544 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441, 960-963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] Q. Lin, J. D. Zhang, P. M. Fauchet, and G. P. Agrawal, "Ultrabroadband parametric generation and wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4786-4799 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4357-4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] Y. L. Ruan, W. T. Li, R. Jarvis, N. Madsen, A. Rode, and B. Luther-Davies, "Fabrication and characterization of low loss rib chalcogenide waveguides made by dry etching," Opt. Express 12, 5140-5145 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] S. Madden, Laser Physics Centre, RSPhysSE, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, email: sjm111@rsphy1.anu.edu.au (personal communication, 2007).

[6] G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic Press, San Diego, California, 2001), Chap. 10.

[7] N. Ho, J. M. Laniel, R. Vallee, and A. Villeneuve, "Photosensitivity of As2S3 chalcogenide thin films at 1.5 μm," Opt. Lett. 28, 965-967 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] C. J. McKinstrie, S. Radic, and A. R. Chraplyvy, "Parametric amplifiers driven by two pump waves," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. 8, 538-547 (2002). [CrossRef]

[9] M. D. Pelusi, V. G. Ta’eed, M. R. E. Lamont, S. Madden, D. Y. Choi, B. Luther-Davies, and B. J. Eggleton, "Ultra-high nonlinear As2S3 planar waveguide for 160 Gbs optical time-division demultiplexing by four-wave mixing," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.submitted (2007). [CrossRef]

[10] T. K. Liang, and H. K. Tsang, "Nonlinear absorption and Raman scattering in silicon-on-insulator optical waveguides," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. 10, 1149-1153 (2004). [CrossRef]

[11] H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 μm wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]

[12] M. Asobe, T. Kanamori, K. Naganuma, H. Itoh, and T. Kaino, "Third-Order Nonlinear Spectroscopy in As2S3 Chalcogenide Glass-Fibers," J. Appl. Phys. 77, 5518-5523 (1995). [CrossRef]

[13] M. Shokooh-Saremi, V. G. Ta'eed, N. J. Baker, I. C. M. Littler, D. J. Moss, B. J. Eggleton, Y. L. Ruan, and B. Luther-Davies, "High-performance Bragg gratings in chalcogenide rib waveguides written with a modified Sagnac interferometer," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23, 1323-1331 (2006). [CrossRef]

[14] A. Saliminia, A. Villeneuve, T. V. Galstyan, S. LaRochelle, and K. Richardson, "First- and second-order Bragg gratings in single-mode planar waveguides of chalcogenide glasses," J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 837-842 (1999). [CrossRef]

[15] K. Finsterbusch, N. Baker, V. G. Ta'eed, B. J. Eggleton, D. Choi, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davis, "Long-period gratings in chalcogenide (As2S3) rib waveguides," Electron. Lett. 42, 1094-1095 (2006). [CrossRef]

[16] N. J. Baker, H. W. Lee, I. C. M. Littler, C. M. de Sterke, B. J. Eggleton, D. Y. Choi, S. Madden, and B. Luther-Davies, "Sampled Bragg gratings in chalcogenide (As2S3) rib-waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 9451-9459 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] M. W. Lee, C. Grillet, C. L. C. Smith, D. J. Moss, B. J. Eggleton, D. Freeman, B. Luther-Davies, S. Madden, A. Rode, Y. L. Ruan, and Y. H. Lee, "Photosensitive post tuning of chalcogenide photonic crystal waveguides," Opt. Express 15, 1277-1285 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] S. Tomljenovic-Hanic, M. J. Steel, C. M. de Sterke, and D. J. Moss, "High-Q cavities in photosensitive photonic crystals," Opt. Lett. 32, 542-544 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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Dispersion engineering of highly nonlinear As₂S₃ waveguides for parametric gain and wavelength conversion