A novel concept for an all-dielectric unidirectional output double-grating coupler is proposed and rigorously analyzed. In addition to a superstrate side grating, a second grating is placed on the substrate side. The periodicities of the gratings are chosen such that no propagating diffracted orders are present outside the structure in the superstrate region and only a single order is present outside the structure in the substrate region. The concept provides a robust output coupler requiring neither phase-matching between gratings nor any resonances in the structure, and is very tolerant to potential fabrication errors. Up to 96% coupling efficiency from the substrate-side grating is obtained over a wide range of grating properties.

© 2007 Optical Society of America

1. T. Tamir, ed., Integrated Optics (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1975).
2. V. R. Almeida, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "Nanotaper for compact mode conversion," Opt. Lett. 28, 1302-1304 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. T. P. Felici, and D. F. G. Gallagher, "Improved waveguide structures derived from new rapid optimization techniques," in Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XI, M. Osinski, H. Amano, P. Blood, eds., Proc. SPIE 4986, 375-385 (2003). [CrossRef]
4. B. Luyssaert, P. Bienstman, P. Vandersteegen, P. Dumon, and R. Baets, "Efficient nonadiabatic planar waveguide tapers," J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 2462-2468 (2005). [CrossRef]
5. L. Vaissie, O. V. Smolski, A. Mehta, and E. G. Johnson, "High efficiency surface-emitting laser with subwavelength antireflection structure," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 732-734 (2005). [CrossRef]
6. D. Taillaert, W. Bogaerts, P. Bienstman, T. F. Krauss, P. Van Daele, I. Moerman, S. Verstuyft, K. De Mesel, and R. Baets, "An out-of-plane grating coupler for efficient butt-coupling betweencompact planar waveguides and single-mode fibers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 949-955 (2002). [CrossRef]
7. E. G. Johnson, O. V. Smolski, J. K. O'Daniel, A. Mehta, K. Shavitranuruk, P. Srinivasan, and M. G. Moharam, "Micro- and Nano-Optics in Surface Emitting Lasers," in Nanophotonics (OSA, Uncasville, CT, USA, 2006).
8. J. K. O'Daniel, O. V. Smolski, M. G. Moharam, and E. G. Johnson, "Integrated wavelength stabilization of in-plane semiconductor lasers by use of a dual-grating reflector," Opt. Lett. 31, 211-213 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. M. G. Moharam, E. B. Grann, D. A. Pommet, and T. K. Gaylord, "Formulation for stable and efficient implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis of binary gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 1068-1076 (1995). [CrossRef]
10. E. Silberstein, P. Lalanne, J. P. Hugonin, and Q. Cao, "Use of grating theories in integrated optics," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 2865-2875 (2001). [CrossRef]
11. L. Li, "Formulation and comparison of two recursive matrix algorithms for modeling layered diffraction gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 17 (1996).
12. M. G. Moharam, and A. B. Greenwell, "Efficient rigorous calculations of power flow in grating coupled surface-emitting devices," in Photon Management, F. Wyrowski; ed., Proc. SPIE 5456, 57 (2004). [CrossRef]
13. P. Dong, and A. G. Kirk, "Compact double-grating coupler between vertically stacked silicon-on-insulator waveguides," Appl. Opt. 44, 7540-7547 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. Q. Cao, P. Lalanne, and J. P. Hugonin, "Stable and efficient Bloch-mode computational method for one-dimensional grating waveguides," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 335-338 (2002). [CrossRef]
15. P. Lalanne, and J. P. Hugonin, "Bloch-wave engineering for high-Q, small-V microcavities," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 39, 1430-1438 (2003). [CrossRef]

Appl. Opt.

• P. Dong, and A. G. Kirk, "Compact double-grating coupler between vertically stacked silicon-on-insulator waveguides," Appl. Opt. 44, 7540-7547 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

• P. Lalanne, and J. P. Hugonin, "Bloch-wave engineering for high-Q, small-V microcavities," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 39, 1430-1438 (2003). [CrossRef]
• D. Taillaert, W. Bogaerts, P. Bienstman, T. F. Krauss, P. Van Daele, I. Moerman, S. Verstuyft, K. De Mesel, and R. Baets, "An out-of-plane grating coupler for efficient butt-coupling betweencompact planar waveguides and single-mode fibers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 949-955 (2002). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

• L. Vaissie, O. V. Smolski, A. Mehta, and E. G. Johnson, "High efficiency surface-emitting laser with subwavelength antireflection structure," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 732-734 (2005). [CrossRef]

J. Lightwave Technol.

• B. Luyssaert, P. Bienstman, P. Vandersteegen, P. Dumon, and R. Baets, "Efficient nonadiabatic planar waveguide tapers," J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 2462-2468 (2005). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

• Q. Cao, P. Lalanne, and J. P. Hugonin, "Stable and efficient Bloch-mode computational method for one-dimensional grating waveguides," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 335-338 (2002). [CrossRef]
• M. G. Moharam, E. B. Grann, D. A. Pommet, and T. K. Gaylord, "Formulation for stable and efficient implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis of binary gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 1068-1076 (1995). [CrossRef]
• E. Silberstein, P. Lalanne, J. P. Hugonin, and Q. Cao, "Use of grating theories in integrated optics," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 2865-2875 (2001). [CrossRef]
• L. Li, "Formulation and comparison of two recursive matrix algorithms for modeling layered diffraction gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 17 (1996).

Opt. Lett.

• V. R. Almeida, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "Nanotaper for compact mode conversion," Opt. Lett. 28, 1302-1304 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. K. O'Daniel, O. V. Smolski, M. G. Moharam, and E. G. Johnson, "Integrated wavelength stabilization of in-plane semiconductor lasers by use of a dual-grating reflector," Opt. Lett. 31, 211-213 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Proc. SPIE

• M. G. Moharam, and A. B. Greenwell, "Efficient rigorous calculations of power flow in grating coupled surface-emitting devices," in Photon Management, F. Wyrowski; ed., Proc. SPIE 5456, 57 (2004). [CrossRef]

Other

• E. G. Johnson, O. V. Smolski, J. K. O'Daniel, A. Mehta, K. Shavitranuruk, P. Srinivasan, and M. G. Moharam, "Micro- and Nano-Optics in Surface Emitting Lasers," in Nanophotonics (OSA, Uncasville, CT, USA, 2006).
• T. P. Felici, and D. F. G. Gallagher, "Improved waveguide structures derived from new rapid optimization techniques," in Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XI, M. Osinski, H. Amano, P. Blood, eds., Proc. SPIE 4986, 375-385 (2003). [CrossRef]
• T. Tamir, ed., Integrated Optics (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1975).

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