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Fabrication of photonic devices in nanostructured glasses by femtosecond laser pulses
R. Martinez-Vazquez, R. Osellame, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, and O. Svelto »View Author Affiliations
1Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 20, pp. 12628-12635 (2007)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.012628
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Abstract
Focused femtosecond laser pulses have been used to modify the optical properties of glass doped with CdS x Se1-x nanocrystals. Large positive refractive index changes have been observed and exploited for the fabrication of photonic devices. In particular, we report on highly confining optical waveguides and single and multi-layer volume diffraction gratings.
© 2007 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(220.4000) Optical design and fabrication : Microstructure fabrication
(230.1950) Optical devices : Diffraction gratings
(230.7370) Optical devices : Waveguides
(350.3390) Other areas of optics : Laser materials processing
ToC Category:
Optical Design and Fabrication
History
Original Manuscript: June 28, 2007
Revised Manuscript: September 10, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: September 13, 2007
Published: September 18, 2007
Citation
R. Martinez-Vazquez, R. Osellame, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, and O. Svelto, "Fabrication of photonic devices in nanostructured glasses by femtosecond laser pulses," Opt. Express 15, 12628-12635 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-20-12628
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References
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- S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, and A. Tuennermann, "Femtosecond waveguide writing: a new avenue to threedimensional integrated optics," Appl. Phys. A 77, 109-111 (2003). [CrossRef]
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- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, "Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277-285 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, "Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102 (2005). [CrossRef]
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- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, "Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277-285 (2006). [CrossRef]
- B. C. Stuart, M. D. Feit, A. M. Rubenchik, B. W. Shore, and M. D. Perry, "Laser-induced damage in dielectrics with nanosecond to subpicosecond pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2248-2251 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, V. Maselli, A. Yin, M. Zavelani-Rossi, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, L. Aiello, S. De Nicola, P. Ferraro, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, "Optical properties of waveguides written by a 26 MHz stretched cavity Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Express 13, 612-620 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. Liu, Z. Zhang, Z. Lu, G. Xiao, F. Sun, S. Chang, and C. Flueraru, "Fabrication and stitching of embedded multi-layer micro-gratings in fused silica glass by fs laser pulses," Appl. Phys. B 86, 151-154 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Yakovlev, V. Lazarov, J. Reynolds, and M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, "Laser-induced phase transformations in semiconductor quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2050-2052 (2000). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. K¨artner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, "Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited]," J. Opt. Netw. 6, 63-73 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JON-6-1-63>. [CrossRef]
- N. Takeshima, Y. Narita, S. Tanaka, Y. Kuroiwa, and K. Hirao, "Fabrication of high-efficiency diffraction gratings in glass," Opt. Lett. 30, 352-354 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Hirao and K. Miura,"Writing waveguides and gratings in silica and related materials by a femtosecond laser," J. Non-Cryst.Solids 239, 91-95 (1998). [CrossRef]
- K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, "Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser," Opt. Lett. 21, 1729-1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, "Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. K¨artner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, "Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited]," J. Opt. Netw. 6, 63-73 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JON-6-1-63>. [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. K¨artner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, "Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited]," J. Opt. Netw. 6, 63-73 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JON-6-1-63>. [CrossRef]
- K. Minoshima, A. M. Kowalevicz, I. Hartl, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, "Photonic device fabrication in glass by use of nonlinear materials processing with a femtosecond laser oscillator," Opt. Lett. 26, 1516-1518 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. R. Thomson, H. T. Bookey, N. Psaila, S. Campbell, D. T. Reid, S. Shen, A. Jha, and A. K. Kar, "Internal gain from an erbium-doped oxyfluoride-silicate glass waveguide fabricated using femtosecond waveguide inscription," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1515-1517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. R. Thomson, H. T. Bookey, N. Psaila, S. Campbell, D. T. Reid, S. Shen, A. Jha, and A. K. Kar, "Internal gain from an erbium-doped oxyfluoride-silicate glass waveguide fabricated using femtosecond waveguide inscription," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1515-1517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, "Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277-285 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Killi, U. Morgner, M. J. Lederer, and D. Kopf, "Diode-pumped femtosecond laser oscillator with cavity dumping," Opt. Lett. 29, 1288-1290 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, "Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. Kogelnik, "Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings," Bell. Syst. Tech. J. 48, 2909-2947 (1969).
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, "Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277-285 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, V. Maselli, A. Yin, M. Zavelani-Rossi, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, L. Aiello, S. De Nicola, P. Ferraro, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, "Optical properties of waveguides written by a 26 MHz stretched cavity Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Express 13, 612-620 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Osellame, S. Taccheo, M. Marangoni, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, D. Polli. S. De Silvestri and G. Cerullo, "Femtosecond writing of active optical waveguides with astigmatically shaped beams," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 1559-1567 (2003). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Yakovlev, V. Lazarov, J. Reynolds, and M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, "Laser-induced phase transformations in semiconductor quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2050-2052 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, R. Mart?nez-Vazquez, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, O. Svelto, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C. E. Bottani, and C. Spinella, "Interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and CdSxSe1?x quantum dots in glasses," Phys. Rev. B 76, 045340 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Liu, Z. Zhang, Z. Lu, G. Xiao, F. Sun, S. Chang, and C. Flueraru, "Fabrication and stitching of embedded multi-layer micro-gratings in fused silica glass by fs laser pulses," Appl. Phys. B 86, 151-154 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Liu, Z. Zhang, Z. Lu, G. Xiao, F. Sun, S. Chang, and C. Flueraru, "Fabrication and stitching of embedded multi-layer micro-gratings in fused silica glass by fs laser pulses," Appl. Phys. B 86, 151-154 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Šimurda, P. N?mec, F. Trojánek, and P. Malý, "Substantial enhancement of photoluminescence in CdSe nanocrystals by femtosecond pulse illumination," Thin Solid Films 453, 300-303 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, R. Mart?nez-Vazquez, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, O. Svelto, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C. E. Bottani, and C. Spinella, "Interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and CdSxSe1?x quantum dots in glasses," Phys. Rev. B 76, 045340 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, V. Maselli, A. Yin, M. Zavelani-Rossi, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, L. Aiello, S. De Nicola, P. Ferraro, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, "Optical properties of waveguides written by a 26 MHz stretched cavity Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Express 13, 612-620 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Hirao and K. Miura,"Writing waveguides and gratings in silica and related materials by a femtosecond laser," J. Non-Cryst.Solids 239, 91-95 (1998). [CrossRef]
- K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, "Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser," Opt. Lett. 21, 1729-1731 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, "Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277-285 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Killi, U. Morgner, M. J. Lederer, and D. Kopf, "Diode-pumped femtosecond laser oscillator with cavity dumping," Opt. Lett. 29, 1288-1290 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Šimurda, P. N?mec, F. Trojánek, and P. Malý, "Substantial enhancement of photoluminescence in CdSe nanocrystals by femtosecond pulse illumination," Thin Solid Films 453, 300-303 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, and A. Tuennermann, "Femtosecond waveguide writing: a new avenue to threedimensional integrated optics," Appl. Phys. A 77, 109-111 (2003). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, R. Mart?nez-Vazquez, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, O. Svelto, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C. E. Bottani, and C. Spinella, "Interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and CdSxSe1?x quantum dots in glasses," Phys. Rev. B 76, 045340 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, "Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277-285 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, V. Maselli, A. Yin, M. Zavelani-Rossi, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, L. Aiello, S. De Nicola, P. Ferraro, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, "Optical properties of waveguides written by a 26 MHz stretched cavity Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Express 13, 612-620 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Osellame, S. Taccheo, M. Marangoni, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, D. Polli. S. De Silvestri and G. Cerullo, "Femtosecond writing of active optical waveguides with astigmatically shaped beams," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 1559-1567 (2003). [CrossRef]
- B. C. Stuart, M. D. Feit, A. M. Rubenchik, B. W. Shore, and M. D. Perry, "Laser-induced damage in dielectrics with nanosecond to subpicosecond pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2248-2251 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, V. Maselli, A. Yin, M. Zavelani-Rossi, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, L. Aiello, S. De Nicola, P. Ferraro, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, "Optical properties of waveguides written by a 26 MHz stretched cavity Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Express 13, 612-620 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. K¨artner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, "Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited]," J. Opt. Netw. 6, 63-73 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JON-6-1-63>. [CrossRef]
- R. R. Thomson, H. T. Bookey, N. Psaila, S. Campbell, D. T. Reid, S. Shen, A. Jha, and A. K. Kar, "Internal gain from an erbium-doped oxyfluoride-silicate glass waveguide fabricated using femtosecond waveguide inscription," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1515-1517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. K¨artner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, "Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited]," J. Opt. Netw. 6, 63-73 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JON-6-1-63>. [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, R. Mart?nez-Vazquez, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, O. Svelto, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C. E. Bottani, and C. Spinella, "Interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and CdSxSe1?x quantum dots in glasses," Phys. Rev. B 76, 045340 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, "Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277-285 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, S. Taccheo, M. Marangoni, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, D. Polli. S. De Silvestri and G. Cerullo, "Femtosecond writing of active optical waveguides with astigmatically shaped beams," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 1559-1567 (2003). [CrossRef]
- V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, "Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. R. Thomson, H. T. Bookey, N. Psaila, S. Campbell, D. T. Reid, S. Shen, A. Jha, and A. K. Kar, "Internal gain from an erbium-doped oxyfluoride-silicate glass waveguide fabricated using femtosecond waveguide inscription," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1515-1517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Yakovlev, V. Lazarov, J. Reynolds, and M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, "Laser-induced phase transformations in semiconductor quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2050-2052 (2000). [CrossRef]
- B. C. Stuart, M. D. Feit, A. M. Rubenchik, B. W. Shore, and M. D. Perry, "Laser-induced damage in dielectrics with nanosecond to subpicosecond pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2248-2251 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Osellame, R. Mart?nez-Vazquez, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, O. Svelto, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C. E. Bottani, and C. Spinella, "Interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and CdSxSe1?x quantum dots in glasses," Phys. Rev. B 76, 045340 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, "Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. R. Thomson, H. T. Bookey, N. Psaila, S. Campbell, D. T. Reid, S. Shen, A. Jha, and A. K. Kar, "Internal gain from an erbium-doped oxyfluoride-silicate glass waveguide fabricated using femtosecond waveguide inscription," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1515-1517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- B. C. Stuart, M. D. Feit, A. M. Rubenchik, B. W. Shore, and M. D. Perry, "Laser-induced damage in dielectrics with nanosecond to subpicosecond pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2248-2251 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, "Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Šimurda, P. N?mec, F. Trojánek, and P. Malý, "Substantial enhancement of photoluminescence in CdSe nanocrystals by femtosecond pulse illumination," Thin Solid Films 453, 300-303 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, R. Mart?nez-Vazquez, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, O. Svelto, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C. E. Bottani, and C. Spinella, "Interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and CdSxSe1?x quantum dots in glasses," Phys. Rev. B 76, 045340 (2007). [CrossRef]
- B. C. Stuart, M. D. Feit, A. M. Rubenchik, B. W. Shore, and M. D. Perry, "Laser-induced damage in dielectrics with nanosecond to subpicosecond pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2248-2251 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Liu, Z. Zhang, Z. Lu, G. Xiao, F. Sun, S. Chang, and C. Flueraru, "Fabrication and stitching of embedded multi-layer micro-gratings in fused silica glass by fs laser pulses," Appl. Phys. B 86, 151-154 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, R. Mart?nez-Vazquez, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, O. Svelto, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C. E. Bottani, and C. Spinella, "Interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and CdSxSe1?x quantum dots in glasses," Phys. Rev. B 76, 045340 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, "Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277-285 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, "Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. R. Thomson, H. T. Bookey, N. Psaila, S. Campbell, D. T. Reid, S. Shen, A. Jha, and A. K. Kar, "Internal gain from an erbium-doped oxyfluoride-silicate glass waveguide fabricated using femtosecond waveguide inscription," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1515-1517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Šimurda, P. N?mec, F. Trojánek, and P. Malý, "Substantial enhancement of photoluminescence in CdSe nanocrystals by femtosecond pulse illumination," Thin Solid Films 453, 300-303 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, and A. Tuennermann, "Femtosecond waveguide writing: a new avenue to threedimensional integrated optics," Appl. Phys. A 77, 109-111 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. K¨artner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, "Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited]," J. Opt. Netw. 6, 63-73 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JON-6-1-63>. [CrossRef]
- S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, and A. Tuennermann, "Femtosecond waveguide writing: a new avenue to threedimensional integrated optics," Appl. Phys. A 77, 109-111 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. Liu, Z. Zhang, Z. Lu, G. Xiao, F. Sun, S. Chang, and C. Flueraru, "Fabrication and stitching of embedded multi-layer micro-gratings in fused silica glass by fs laser pulses," Appl. Phys. B 86, 151-154 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Yakovlev, V. Lazarov, J. Reynolds, and M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, "Laser-induced phase transformations in semiconductor quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2050-2052 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, V. Maselli, A. Yin, M. Zavelani-Rossi, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, L. Aiello, S. De Nicola, P. Ferraro, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, "Optical properties of waveguides written by a 26 MHz stretched cavity Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Express 13, 612-620 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, V. Maselli, A. Yin, M. Zavelani-Rossi, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, L. Aiello, S. De Nicola, P. Ferraro, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, "Optical properties of waveguides written by a 26 MHz stretched cavity Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Express 13, 612-620 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Liu, Z. Zhang, Z. Lu, G. Xiao, F. Sun, S. Chang, and C. Flueraru, "Fabrication and stitching of embedded multi-layer micro-gratings in fused silica glass by fs laser pulses," Appl. Phys. B 86, 151-154 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, "Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102 (2005). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. A
- S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, and A. Tuennermann, "Femtosecond waveguide writing: a new avenue to threedimensional integrated optics," Appl. Phys. A 77, 109-111 (2003). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. B
- J. Liu, Z. Zhang, Z. Lu, G. Xiao, F. Sun, S. Chang, and C. Flueraru, "Fabrication and stitching of embedded multi-layer micro-gratings in fused silica glass by fs laser pulses," Appl. Phys. B 86, 151-154 (2007). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- V. V. Yakovlev, V. Lazarov, J. Reynolds, and M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, "Laser-induced phase transformations in semiconductor quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2050-2052 (2000). [CrossRef]
Bell. Syst. Tech. J.
- H. Kogelnik, "Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings," Bell. Syst. Tech. J. 48, 2909-2947 (1969).
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, "Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277-285 (2006). [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- R. R. Thomson, H. T. Bookey, N. Psaila, S. Campbell, D. T. Reid, S. Shen, A. Jha, and A. K. Kar, "Internal gain from an erbium-doped oxyfluoride-silicate glass waveguide fabricated using femtosecond waveguide inscription," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1515-1517 (2006). [CrossRef]
J. Appl. Phys.
- V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, "Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Lightwave Technol.
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J. Opt. Netw.
- T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. K¨artner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, "Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited]," J. Opt. Netw. 6, 63-73 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JON-6-1-63>. [CrossRef]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
- R. Osellame, S. Taccheo, M. Marangoni, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, D. Polli. S. De Silvestri and G. Cerullo, "Femtosecond writing of active optical waveguides with astigmatically shaped beams," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 1559-1567 (2003). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, V. Maselli, A. Yin, M. Zavelani-Rossi, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, L. Aiello, S. De Nicola, P. Ferraro, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, "Optical properties of waveguides written by a 26 MHz stretched cavity Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Express 13, 612-620 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ding, R. Blackwell, J. F. Kunzler, and W. H. Knox, "Large refractive index change in silicone-based and nonsilicone-based hydrogel polymers induced by femtosecond laser micro-machining," Opt. Express 14, 11901-11909 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Opt. Lett.
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Phys. Rev. B
- R. Osellame, R. Mart?nez-Vazquez, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, O. Svelto, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C. E. Bottani, and C. Spinella, "Interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and CdSxSe1?x quantum dots in glasses," Phys. Rev. B 76, 045340 (2007). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- B. C. Stuart, M. D. Feit, A. M. Rubenchik, B. W. Shore, and M. D. Perry, "Laser-induced damage in dielectrics with nanosecond to subpicosecond pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2248-2251 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Solids
- K. Hirao and K. Miura,"Writing waveguides and gratings in silica and related materials by a femtosecond laser," J. Non-Cryst.Solids 239, 91-95 (1998). [CrossRef]
Thin Solid Films
- M. Šimurda, P. N?mec, F. Trojánek, and P. Malý, "Substantial enhancement of photoluminescence in CdSe nanocrystals by femtosecond pulse illumination," Thin Solid Films 453, 300-303 (2004). [CrossRef]
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2007, Liu, Appl. Phys. B
- J. Liu, Z. Zhang, Z. Lu, G. Xiao, F. Sun, S. Chang, and C. Flueraru, "Fabrication and stitching of embedded multi-layer micro-gratings in fused silica glass by fs laser pulses," Appl. Phys. B 86, 151-154 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, R. Mart?nez-Vazquez, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, O. Svelto, V. Russo, A. Li Bassi, C. E. Bottani, and C. Spinella, "Interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and CdSxSe1?x quantum dots in glasses," Phys. Rev. B 76, 045340 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. K¨artner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, "Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited]," J. Opt. Netw. 6, 63-73 (2007), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JON-6-1-63>. [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, "Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277-285 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. R. Thomson, H. T. Bookey, N. Psaila, S. Campbell, D. T. Reid, S. Shen, A. Jha, and A. K. Kar, "Internal gain from an erbium-doped oxyfluoride-silicate glass waveguide fabricated using femtosecond waveguide inscription," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1515-1517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, "Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, V. Maselli, A. Yin, M. Zavelani-Rossi, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, L. Aiello, S. De Nicola, P. Ferraro, A. Finizio, and G. Pierattini, "Optical properties of waveguides written by a 26 MHz stretched cavity Ti:sapphire femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Express 13, 612-620 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Šimurda, P. N?mec, F. Trojánek, and P. Malý, "Substantial enhancement of photoluminescence in CdSe nanocrystals by femtosecond pulse illumination," Thin Solid Films 453, 300-303 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, and A. Tuennermann, "Femtosecond waveguide writing: a new avenue to threedimensional integrated optics," Appl. Phys. A 77, 109-111 (2003). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Yakovlev, V. Lazarov, J. Reynolds, and M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, "Laser-induced phase transformations in semiconductor quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2050-2052 (2000). [CrossRef]
- K. Hirao and K. Miura,"Writing waveguides and gratings in silica and related materials by a femtosecond laser," J. Non-Cryst.Solids 239, 91-95 (1998). [CrossRef]
- B. C. Stuart, M. D. Feit, A. M. Rubenchik, B. W. Shore, and M. D. Perry, "Laser-induced damage in dielectrics with nanosecond to subpicosecond pulses," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2248-2251 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Kogelnik, "Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings," Bell. Syst. Tech. J. 48, 2909-2947 (1969).
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