OSA's Digital Library

Optics Express

Optics Express

  • Editor: C. Martijn de Sterke
  • Vol. 15, Iss. 25 — Dec. 10, 2007
  • pp: 16954–16965

Optics InfoBase > Optics Express > Volume 15 > Issue 25 > Page 16954

The effect of structural disorder on guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs studied with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Tushar Prasad, Vicki L. Colvin, and Daniel M. Mittleman  »View Author Affiliations


Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 25, pp. 16954-16965 (2007)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.016954


View Full Text Article

Enhanced HTML    Acrobat PDF (2808 KB)


Advanced Search

Browse Journals / Lookup Meetings

Browse by Journal and Year


   


Lookup Conference Papers

Close Browse Journals / Lookup Meetings

Article Tools

Share
Citations

Abstract

We measure the normal-incidence transmission coefficient of photonic crystal slabs with hexagonal arrays of air holes in silicon. The transmission spectra exhibit sharp resonant features with Fano line shapes. They are produced due to the coupling of the leaky photonic crystal modes, called guided resonances, to the continuum of free-space modes. We investigate the effects of several types of structural disorder on the spectra of these resonances. Our results indicate that guided resonances are very tolerant to disorder in the hole diameter and to interface roughness, but very sensitive to disorder in the lattice periodicity.

© 2007 Optical Society of America

OCIS Codes
(260.5740) Physical optics : Resonance
(160.5298) Materials : Photonic crystals

ToC Category:
Photonic Crystals

History
Original Manuscript: October 17, 2007
Revised Manuscript: November 28, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: November 30, 2007
Published: December 4, 2007

Citation
Tushar Prasad, Vicki L. Colvin, and Daniel M. Mittleman, "The effect of structural disorder on guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs studied with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy," Opt. Express 15, 16954-16965 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-25-16954


Sort:  Author  |  Year  |  Journal  |  Reset  

References

  1. E. Yablonovitch, "Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2059-2062 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. S. John, "Strong localization of Photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2486-2489 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  3. J. D. Joannopoulos, R. D. Meade, and J. N. Winn, Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light, (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1995).
  4. S. G. Johnson, S. H. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos, and L. A. Kolodziejski, "Guided modes in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 60, 5751-5758 (1999). [CrossRef]
  5. A. Mekis, J. C. Chen, I. Kurland, S. H. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, and J. D. Joannopoulos, "High transmission through sharp bends in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3787-3790 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  6. S. G. Johnson, P. R. Villeneuve, S. H. Fan, and J. D. Joannopoulos, "Linear waveguides in photonic-crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 62, 8212-8222 (2000). [CrossRef]
  7. E. Chow, S. Y. Lin, S. G. Johnson, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D. Joannopoulos, J. R. Wendt, G. A. Vawter, W. Zubrzycki, H. Hou, and A. Alleman, "Three-dimensional control of light in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab," Nature 407, 983-986 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  8. Y. Akahane, T. Asano, B. S. Song, and S. Noda, "High-Q photonic nanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal," Nature 425, 944-947 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  9. A. R. Cowan, P. Paddon, V. Pacradouni, and J. F. Young, "Resonant scattering and mode coupling in two-dimensional textured planar waveguides," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 1160-1170 (2001). [CrossRef]
  10. S. H. Fan and J. D. Joannopoulos, "Analysis of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B 65, 235112 (2002). [CrossRef]
  11. U. Fano, "Effects of configuration interaction on intensities and phase shifts," Phys. Rev. 124, 1866-1878 (1961). [CrossRef]
  12. A. R. P. Rau, "Perspectives on the Fano resonance formula," Phys. Scr. 69, C10-C13 (2004). [CrossRef]
  13. S. H. Fan, W. Suh, and J. D. Joannopoulos, "Temporal coupled-mode theory for the Fano resonance in optical resonators," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 569-572 (2003). [CrossRef]
  14. W. Suh, O. Solgaard, and S. Fan, "Displacement sensing using evanescent tunneling between guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs," J. Appl. Phys. 98, 33102 (2005). [CrossRef]
  15. A. Rosenberg, M. W. Carter, J. A. Casey, M. Kim, R. T. Holm, R. L. Henry, C. R. Eddy, V. A. Shamamian, K. Bussmann, S. Shi, and D. W. Prather, "Guided resonances in asymmetrical GaN photonic crystal slabs observed in the visible spectrum," Opt. Express 13, 6564-6571 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  16. K. B. Crozier, V. Lousse, O. Kilic, S. Kim, S. H. Fan, and O. Solgaard, "Air-bridged photonic crystal slabs at visible and near-infrared wavelengths," Phys. Rev. B 73, 115126 (2006). [CrossRef]
  17. Z. P. Jian and D. M. Mittleman, "Characterization of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy," J. Appl. Phys. 100, 123113 (2006). [CrossRef]
  18. C. Grillet, D. Freeman, B. Luther-Davies, S. Madden, R. McPhedran, D. J. Moss, M. J. Steel, and B. J. Eggleton, "Characterization and modeling of Fano resonances in chalcogenide photonic crystal membranes," Opt. Express 14, 369-376 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  19. J. F. Song, R. P. Zaccaria, M. B. Yu, and X. W. Sun, "Tunable Fano resonance in photonic crystal slabs," Opt. Express 14, 8812-8826 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  20. N. Jukam, C. Yee, M. S. Sherwin, I. Fushman, and J. Vuckovic, "Patterned femtosecond laser excitation of terahertz leaky modes in GaAs photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241112 (2006). [CrossRef]
  21. Y. Kanamori, T. Kitani, and K. Hane, "Control of guided resonance in a photonic crystal slab using microelectromechanical actuators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 31911 (2007). [CrossRef]
  22. A. Chakrabarti, "Fano resonance in discrete lattice models: Controlling lineshapes with impurities," Phys. Lett. A 366, 507-512 (2007). [CrossRef]
  23. R. Harbers, S. Jochim, N. Moll, R. F. Mahrt, D. Erni, J. A. Hoffnagle, and W. D. Hinsberg, "Control of Fano line shapes by means of photonic crystal structures in a dye-doped polymer," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 201105 (2007). [CrossRef]
  24. T. Ochiai and K. Sakoda, "Dispersion relation and optical transmittance of a hexagonal photonic crystal slab," Phys. Rev. B 63, 125107 (2001). [CrossRef]
  25. O. Kilic, S. Kim, W. Suh, Y. A. Peter, A. S. Sudbo, M. F. Yanik, S. H. Fan, and O. Solgaard, "Photonic crystal slabs demonstrating strong broadband suppression of transmission in the presence of disorders," Opt. Lett. 29, 2782-2784 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  26. O. Painter, R. K. Lee, A. Scherer, A. Yariv, J. D. O'Brien, P. D. Dapkus, and I. Kim, "Two-dimensional photonic band-gap defect mode laser," Science 284, 1819-1821 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  27. S. Noda, A. Chutinan, and M. Imada, "Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure," Nature 407, 608-610 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  28. M. H. Qi, E. Lidorikis, P. T. Rakich, S. G. Johnson, J. D. Joannopoulos, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, "A three-dimensional optical photonic crystal with designed point defects," Nature 429, 538-542 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  29. M. Skorobogatiy, G. Bégin, and A. Talneau, "Statistical analysis of geometrical imperfections from the images of 2D photonic crystals," Opt. Express 13, 2487-2502 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  30. I. V. Ponomarev, M. Schwab, G. Dasbach, M. Bayer, T. L. Reinecke, J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, "Influence of geometric disorder on the band structure of a photonic crystal: Experiment and theory," Phys. Rev. B 75, 205434 (2007). [CrossRef]
  31. H. Y. Ryu, J. K. Hwang, and Y. H. Lee, "Effect of size nonuniformities on the band gap of two-dimensional photonic crystals," Phys. Rev. B 59, 5463-5469 (1999). [CrossRef]
  32. C. J. Jin, B. Y. Cheng, Z. L. Li, D. Z. Zhang, L. M. Li, and Z. Q. Zhang, "Two dimensional metallic photonic crystal in the THz range," Opt. Commun. 166, 9-13 (1999). [CrossRef]
  33. A. A. Asatryan, P. A. Robinson, L. C. Botten, R. C. McPhedran, N. A. Nicorovici, and C. M. de Sterke, "Effects of disorder on wave propagation in two-dimensional photonic crystals," Phys. Rev. E 60, 6118-6127 (1999). [CrossRef]
  34. W. Bogaerts, P. Bienstman, and R. Baets, "Scattering at sidewall roughness in photonic crystal slabs," Opt. Lett. 28, 689-691 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  35. R. Ferrini, B. Lombardet, B. Wild, R. Houdre, and G. H. Duan, "Hole depth- and shape-induced radiation losses in two-dimensional photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1009-1011 (2003). [CrossRef]
  36. M. A. Kaliteevski, J. M. Martinez, D. Cassagne, and J. P. Albert, "Disorder-induced modification of the attenuation of light in a two-dimensional photonic crystal with complete band gap," Phys. Stat. Sol. A 195, 612-617 (2003). [CrossRef]
  37. T. N. Langtry, A. A. Asatryan, L. C. Botten, C. M. de Sterke, R. C. McPhedran, and P. A. Robinson, "Effects of disorder in two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. E 68, 26611 (2003). [CrossRef]
  38. W. R. Frei and H. T. Johnson, "Finite-element analysis of disorder effects in photonic crystals," Phys. Rev. B 70, 165116 (2004). [CrossRef]
  39. S. Hughes, L. Ramunno, J. F. Young, and J. E. Sipe, "Extrinsic optical scattering loss in photonic crystal waveguides: Role of fabrication disorder and photon group velocity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 33903 (2005). [CrossRef]
  40. D. M. Beggs, M. A. Kaliteevski, S. Brand, R. A. Abram, D. Cassagne, and J. P. Albert, "Disorder induced modification of reflection and transmission spectra of a two-dimensional photonic crystal with an incomplete band-gap," J. Phys.: Cond. Matter 17, 4049-4055 (2005). [CrossRef]
  41. R. Ferrini, D. Leuenberger, R. Houdre, H. Benisty, M. Kamp, and A. Forchel, "Disorder-induced losses in planar photonic crystals," Opt. Lett. 31, 1426-1428 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  42. R. Meisels and F. Kuchar, "Density-of-states and wave propagation in two-dimensional photonic crystals with positional disorder," J. Opt. A 9, S396-S402 (2007). [CrossRef]
  43. S. H. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, and J. D. Joannopoulos, "Theoretical investigation of fabrication-related disorder on the properties of photonic crystals," J. Appl. Phys. 78, 1415-1418 (1995). [CrossRef]
  44. M. M. Sigalas, C. M. Soukoulis, C. T. Chan, R. Biswas, and K. M. Ho, "Effect of disorder on photonic band gaps," Phys. Rev. B 59, 12767-12770 (1999). [CrossRef]
  45. R. Rengarajan, D. Mittleman, C. Rich, and V. Colvin, "Effect of disorder on the optical properties of colloidal crystals," Phys. Rev. E 71, 16615 (2005). [CrossRef]
  46. A. V. Baryshev, V. A. Kosobukin, K. B. Samusev, D. E. Usvyat, and M. F. Limonov, "Light diffraction from opal-based photonic crystals with growth-induced disorder: Experiment and theory," Phys. Rev. B 73, 205118 (2006). [CrossRef]
  47. D. Nau, A. Schonhardt, C. Bauer, A. Christ, T. Zentgraf, J. Kuhl, M. W. Klein, and H. Giessen, "Correlation effects in disordered metallic photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 133902 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  48. M. van Exter and D. R. Grischkowsky, "Characterization of an optoelectronic terahertz beam system," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 38, 1684-1691 (1990). [CrossRef]
  49. Z. Jian, J. Pearce, and D. M. Mittleman, "Two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs in parallel-plate metal waveguides studied with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy," Semiconductor Sci. Tech. 20, S300-S306 (2005). [CrossRef]
  50. N. Jukam and M. S. Sherwin, "Two-dimensional terahertz photonic crystals fabricated by deep reactive ion etching in Si," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 21-23 (2003). [CrossRef]
  51. D. Grischkowsky, S. Keiding, M. van Exter, and C. Fattinger, "Far-infrared time-domain spectroscopy with terahertz beams of dielectrics and semiconductors," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7, 2006-2015 (1990). [CrossRef]
  52. T. Prasad, V. L. Colvin, and D. M. Mittleman, "Dependence of guided resonances on the structural parameters of terahertz photonic crystal slabs," Phys. Rev. B, submitted.
  53. K. R. Maskaly, G. R. Maskaly, W. C. Carter, and J. L. Maxwell, "Diminished normal reflectivity of one-dimensional photonic crystals due to dielectric interfacial roughness," Opt. Lett. 29, 2791-2793 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  54. P. Roberts, F. Couny, H. Sabert, B. Mangan, T. Birks, J. Knight, and P. Russell, "Loss in solid-core photonic crystal fibers due to interface roughness scattering," Opt. Express 13, 7779-7793 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  55. K.-C. Kwan, X. Zhang, Z.-Q. Zhang, and C. T. Chan, "Effects due to disorder on photonic crystal-based waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4414-4416 (2003). [CrossRef]
  56. K. Dossou, L.C. Botten, C. M. de Sterke, R. McPhedran, A. A. Asatryan, S. Chen, and J. Brnovic, "Efficient couplers for photonic crystal waveguides," Opt. Comm. 265, 207-219 (2006). [CrossRef]

Cited By

 Alert me when this paper is cited

OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.


« Previous Article  |  Next Article »

OSA is a member of CrossRef.

CrossCheck Deposited