Full characterization of modern transmission fibers for Raman amplified-based communication systems

doi:10.1364/OE.15.004883

Full characterization of modern transmission fibers for Raman amplified-based communication systems

Shifeng Jiang, Bruno Bristiel, Yves Jaouën, Philippe Gallion, Erwan Pincemin, and Sylvain Capouilliet »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 8, pp. 4883-4892 (2007)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.004883

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Abstract

Telecommunication carriers have to estimate the Raman parameters of the fibers installed on their optical transport networks in order to facilitate the design of the next generation of high bit-rate Raman amplified-based transmission systems. This paper reports a very complete characterization of the most popular modern transmission fibers in terms of Raman efficiency, noise figure and double Rayleigh backscattering crosstalk. Our experiment is based on an averaged power analysis, applied to a counter-pumped long-haul distributed fiber Raman amplifier. We evaluate as well at 40 Gb/s for these different fiber types the double Rayleigh backscattering impact in terms of Q-factor penalty for various Raman gains and RZ modulation formats with different duty cycles.

OCIS Codes
(060.4510) Fiber optics and optical communications : Optical communications
(190.5650) Nonlinear optics : Raman effect
(220.4830) Optical design and fabrication : Systems design
(290.5870) Scattering : Scattering, Rayleigh

ToC Category:
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications

History
Original Manuscript: January 24, 2007
Revised Manuscript: February 28, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: March 5, 2007
Published: April 9, 2007

Citation
Shifeng Jiang, Bruno Bristiel, Yves Jaouën, Philippe Gallion, Erwan Pincemin, and Sylvain Capouilliet, "Full characterization of modern transmission fibers for Raman amplified-based communication systems," Opt. Express 15, 4883-4892 (2007)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-8-4883

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References

J. Bromage "Raman amplification for fiber communication systems," J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 79-93, (2004). [CrossRef]
G. P Agrawal, Raman amplification in fiber optical communication systems C. Headley, ed., (Elsevier Academic Press, 2005).
C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, "DWDM 40G transmission over trans-pacific distance (10 000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and all-Raman-amplified 100-km UltraWave fiber spans," J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 203-207 (2004). [CrossRef]
P. Wan and J. Conradi, "Impact of double Rayleigh backscatter noise on digital and analog systems," J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 288-297 (1996). [CrossRef]
J. Bromage, C.-H. Kim, P. J. Winzer, L. E. Nelson, R.-J. Essiambre, and R. M. Jopson, "Relative impact of multiple-path interference and amplified spontaneous emission noise on optical receiver performance," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf., (2002).
6. P. J. Winzer, R.-J. Essiambre, and J. Bromage, "Combined impact of double-Rayleigh backscatter and amplified spontaneous emission on receiver noise," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communications Conf., (2002);R. J. Essiambre, P. Winzer, J. Bromage, C. H. Kim, "Design of bidirectionally pumped fiber amplifiers generating double Rayleigh backscattering," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 914-916 (2002).
M. Nissov, K. Rottwitt, H. D. Kidorf, and M. X. Ma, "Rayleigh crosstalk in long cascades of distributed unsaturated Raman amplifiers," Electron. Lett. 35, 997-998 (1999). [CrossRef]
C. Dibon, F. Boubal, P. Le Roux, E. Brandon, "Experimental validation of DRS impact on transmission system at 2.5, 10 and 40 Gbit/s," in Proc. European Conference on Optical Communications, (2002).
C. Fludger, A. Maroney, N. Jolley, R. Mears, "An analysis of the improvement in OSNR from distributed Raman amplifiers using modern transmission fibers," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communications Conf., 2000.
F. Koch, S.A.E. Lewis, S. V. Chernikov, J. R. Taylor, "Broadband Raman gain characterization in various optical fibers," Electron. Lett. 37, 1437-1438 (2001). [CrossRef]
J. Bromage, K. Rottwitt, and M. E. Lines, "A method to predict the Raman gain spectra of Germanosilicate fibers with arbitrary index profiles," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 24-26 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. H. Chang, S. K. Kim, M. J. Chu, and J. H. Lee, "Limitations in fiber Raman amplifiers imposed by Rayleigh scattering of signals," Electron. Lett. 38, 865-866 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. A. E. Lewis, S. V. Chernikov, and J. R. Taylor, "Characterization of double Rayleigh scatter noise in Raman amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 528-530 (2000). [CrossRef]
R. H. Stolen and E. P. Ippen, "Raman gain in glass optical waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 276-278 (1973). [CrossRef]
M. O. Deventer, "Polarization properties of Rayleigh backscattering in single-mode fibers," J. Lightwave Technol. 11, 1895-1899 (1993). [CrossRef]
N. A. Olson, "Lightwave systems with optical amplifiers," J. Lightwave Technol. 7, 1071-1082 (1989). [CrossRef]
C. Martinelli, G. Charlet, L. Pierre, J. Antona, and D. Bayart, "System impairment of double-Rayleigh scattering and dependence on modulation format," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communications Conf., (2003).

Appl. Phys. Lett.

R. H. Stolen and E. P. Ippen, "Raman gain in glass optical waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 276-278 (1973). [CrossRef]

Electron. Lett.

S. H. Chang, S. K. Kim, M. J. Chu, and J. H. Lee, "Limitations in fiber Raman amplifiers imposed by Rayleigh scattering of signals," Electron. Lett. 38, 865-866 (2002). [CrossRef]
M. Nissov, K. Rottwitt, H. D. Kidorf, and M. X. Ma, "Rayleigh crosstalk in long cascades of distributed unsaturated Raman amplifiers," Electron. Lett. 35, 997-998 (1999). [CrossRef]
F. Koch, S.A.E. Lewis, S. V. Chernikov, J. R. Taylor, "Broadband Raman gain characterization in various optical fibers," Electron. Lett. 37, 1437-1438 (2001). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

J. Bromage, K. Rottwitt, and M. E. Lines, "A method to predict the Raman gain spectra of Germanosilicate fibers with arbitrary index profiles," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 24-26 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. A. E. Lewis, S. V. Chernikov, and J. R. Taylor, "Characterization of double Rayleigh scatter noise in Raman amplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 528-530 (2000). [CrossRef]
6. P. J. Winzer, R.-J. Essiambre, and J. Bromage, "Combined impact of double-Rayleigh backscatter and amplified spontaneous emission on receiver noise," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communications Conf., (2002);R. J. Essiambre, P. Winzer, J. Bromage, C. H. Kim, "Design of bidirectionally pumped fiber amplifiers generating double Rayleigh backscattering," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 914-916 (2002).

J. Lightwave Technol.

M. O. Deventer, "Polarization properties of Rayleigh backscattering in single-mode fibers," J. Lightwave Technol. 11, 1895-1899 (1993). [CrossRef]
N. A. Olson, "Lightwave systems with optical amplifiers," J. Lightwave Technol. 7, 1071-1082 (1989). [CrossRef]
J. Bromage "Raman amplification for fiber communication systems," J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 79-93, (2004). [CrossRef]
C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, "DWDM 40G transmission over trans-pacific distance (10 000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and all-Raman-amplified 100-km UltraWave fiber spans," J. Lightwave Technol. 22, 203-207 (2004). [CrossRef]
P. Wan and J. Conradi, "Impact of double Rayleigh backscatter noise on digital and analog systems," J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 288-297 (1996). [CrossRef]

Other

J. Bromage, C.-H. Kim, P. J. Winzer, L. E. Nelson, R.-J. Essiambre, and R. M. Jopson, "Relative impact of multiple-path interference and amplified spontaneous emission noise on optical receiver performance," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf., (2002).
G. P Agrawal, Raman amplification in fiber optical communication systems C. Headley, ed., (Elsevier Academic Press, 2005).
C. Dibon, F. Boubal, P. Le Roux, E. Brandon, "Experimental validation of DRS impact on transmission system at 2.5, 10 and 40 Gbit/s," in Proc. European Conference on Optical Communications, (2002).
C. Fludger, A. Maroney, N. Jolley, R. Mears, "An analysis of the improvement in OSNR from distributed Raman amplifiers using modern transmission fibers," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communications Conf., 2000.
C. Martinelli, G. Charlet, L. Pierre, J. Antona, and D. Bayart, "System impairment of double-Rayleigh scattering and dependence on modulation format," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communications Conf., (2003).

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