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Ultrafast double-pulse parametric amplification for precision Ramsey metrology
D. Z. Kandula, A. Renault, Ch. Gohle, A. L. Wolf, S. Witte, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs, and K. S. E. Eikema »View Author Affiliations
Atomic, Molecular, and Laser Physics Group, Laser Centre Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands kjeld@nat.vu.nl
Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 10, pp. 7071-7082 (2008)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.007071
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Abstract
We demonstrate phase stable, mJ-level parametric amplification of pulse pairs originating from a Ti:Sapphire frequency comb laser. The amplifier-induced phase shift between the pulses has been determined interferometrically with an accuracy of ≈10 mrad. Typical phase shifts are on the order of 50–200 mrad, depending on the operating conditions. The measured phase-relation can be as stable as 20 mrad rms (1/300 th of an optical cycle). This makes the system suitable for Ramsey spectroscopy at short wavelengths by employing harmonic upconversion of the double-pulses in nonlinear media.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(190.4970) Nonlinear optics : Parametric oscillators and amplifiers
(320.7090) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast lasers
(320.7160) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast technology
(350.5030) Other areas of optics : Phase
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: March 14, 2008
Revised Manuscript: April 21, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: April 21, 2008
Published: May 1, 2008
Citation
D. Z. Kandula, A. Renault, Ch. Gohle, A. L. Wolf, S. Witte, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Ultrafast double-pulse parametric amplification for precision Ramsey
metrology," Opt. Express 16, 7071-7082 (2008)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-10-7071
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References
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- The phase mismatch is very sensitive to the angles in the parametric amplification. It is extremely difficult to measure them accurate enough to be able to determine �??k
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- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis," Science 288, 635-639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Numerical simulations for performance optimization of a few-cycle terawatt NOPCPA system," Appl. Phys. B 87, 677-684 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Renault, D. Z. Kandula, S. Witte, A. L. Wolf, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Phase stability of terawatt-class ultrabroadband parametric amplification," Opt. Lett. 32, 2363-2365 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, A. L. Wolf, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs, and K. S. E. Eikema, "A source of 2 terawatt, 2.7 cycle laser pulses based on noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification," Opt. Express 14, 8168-8177 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Deep-Ultraviolet Quantum Interference Metrology with Ultrashort Laser Pulses," Science 307, 400-403 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Cavalieri, R. Eramo, M. Materazzi, Ch. Corsi, and M. Bellini, "Ramsey-Type Spectroscopy with High-Order Harmonics," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 133002 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. B. Gaarde, F. Salin, E. Constant, Ph. Balcou, K. J. Schafer, K. C. Kulander, and A. L�??Huillier, "Spatiotemporal separation of high harmonic radiation into two quantum path components," Phys. Rev. A 59, 1367-1373 (1999). [CrossRef]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and Th. W. Hansch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature (London) 436, 234-237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis," Science 288, 635-639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and Th. W. Hansch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature (London) 436, 234-237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, and Th. W. Hansch, "Optical frequency synthesizer for Precision Spectroscopy," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2264-2267 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. P. Hauri, W. Kornelis, F. W. Helbing, A. Heinrich, A. Couairon, A. Mysiorowicz, J. Biegert, U. Keller, "Generation of intense, carrier-envelope phase-locked few-cycle laser pulses through filamentation," Appl. Phys. B 79, 673-677 (2004). [CrossRef]
- C. P. Hauri, W. Kornelis, F. W. Helbing, A. Heinrich, A. Couairon, A. Mysiorowicz, J. Biegert, U. Keller, "Generation of intense, carrier-envelope phase-locked few-cycle laser pulses through filamentation," Appl. Phys. B 79, 673-677 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. P. Hauri, W. Kornelis, F. W. Helbing, A. Heinrich, A. Couairon, A. Mysiorowicz, J. Biegert, U. Keller, "Generation of intense, carrier-envelope phase-locked few-cycle laser pulses through filamentation," Appl. Phys. B 79, 673-677 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and Th. W. Hansch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature (London) 436, 234-237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Numerical simulations for performance optimization of a few-cycle terawatt NOPCPA system," Appl. Phys. B 87, 677-684 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Renault, D. Z. Kandula, S. Witte, A. L. Wolf, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Phase stability of terawatt-class ultrabroadband parametric amplification," Opt. Lett. 32, 2363-2365 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, A. L. Wolf, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs, and K. S. E. Eikema, "A source of 2 terawatt, 2.7 cycle laser pulses based on noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification," Opt. Express 14, 8168-8177 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Deep-Ultraviolet Quantum Interference Metrology with Ultrashort Laser Pulses," Science 307, 400-403 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and Th. W. Hansch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature (London) 436, 234-237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, and Th. W. Hansch, "Optical frequency synthesizer for Precision Spectroscopy," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2264-2267 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis," Science 288, 635-639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. P. Hauri, W. Kornelis, F. W. Helbing, A. Heinrich, A. Couairon, A. Mysiorowicz, J. Biegert, U. Keller, "Generation of intense, carrier-envelope phase-locked few-cycle laser pulses through filamentation," Appl. Phys. B 79, 673-677 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. P. Hauri, W. Kornelis, F. W. Helbing, A. Heinrich, A. Couairon, A. Mysiorowicz, J. Biegert, U. Keller, "Generation of intense, carrier-envelope phase-locked few-cycle laser pulses through filamentation," Appl. Phys. B 79, 673-677 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Verhoef, J. Seres, K. Schmid, Y. Nomura, G. Tempea, L. Veisz, F. Krausz, "Compression of the pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system to 5 femtoseconds at 0.2 terawatt level," Appl. Phys. B 82, 513-517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and Th. W. Hansch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature (London) 436, 234-237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. B. Gaarde, F. Salin, E. Constant, Ph. Balcou, K. J. Schafer, K. C. Kulander, and A. L�??Huillier, "Spatiotemporal separation of high harmonic radiation into two quantum path components," Phys. Rev. A 59, 1367-1373 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. B. Gaarde, F. Salin, E. Constant, Ph. Balcou, K. J. Schafer, K. C. Kulander, and A. L�??Huillier, "Spatiotemporal separation of high harmonic radiation into two quantum path components," Phys. Rev. A 59, 1367-1373 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Cavalieri, R. Eramo, M. Materazzi, Ch. Corsi, and M. Bellini, "Ramsey-Type Spectroscopy with High-Order Harmonics," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 133002 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. P. Hauri, W. Kornelis, F. W. Helbing, A. Heinrich, A. Couairon, A. Mysiorowicz, J. Biegert, U. Keller, "Generation of intense, carrier-envelope phase-locked few-cycle laser pulses through filamentation," Appl. Phys. B 79, 673-677 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Verhoef, J. Seres, K. Schmid, Y. Nomura, G. Tempea, L. Veisz, F. Krausz, "Compression of the pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system to 5 femtoseconds at 0.2 terawatt level," Appl. Phys. B 82, 513-517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. F. Ramsey "A Molecular Beam Resonance Method with Separated Oscillating Fields," Phys. Rev. 78, 695-699 (1950). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis," Science 288, 635-639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and Th. W. Hansch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature (London) 436, 234-237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. B. Gaarde, F. Salin, E. Constant, Ph. Balcou, K. J. Schafer, K. C. Kulander, and A. L�??Huillier, "Spatiotemporal separation of high harmonic radiation into two quantum path components," Phys. Rev. A 59, 1367-1373 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. B. Gaarde, F. Salin, E. Constant, Ph. Balcou, K. J. Schafer, K. C. Kulander, and A. L�??Huillier, "Spatiotemporal separation of high harmonic radiation into two quantum path components," Phys. Rev. A 59, 1367-1373 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. J. Verhoef, J. Seres, K. Schmid, Y. Nomura, G. Tempea, L. Veisz, F. Krausz, "Compression of the pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system to 5 femtoseconds at 0.2 terawatt level," Appl. Phys. B 82, 513-517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and Th. W. Hansch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature (London) 436, 234-237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Verhoef, J. Seres, K. Schmid, Y. Nomura, G. Tempea, L. Veisz, F. Krausz, "Compression of the pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system to 5 femtoseconds at 0.2 terawatt level," Appl. Phys. B 82, 513-517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis," Science 288, 635-639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Verhoef, J. Seres, K. Schmid, Y. Nomura, G. Tempea, L. Veisz, F. Krausz, "Compression of the pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system to 5 femtoseconds at 0.2 terawatt level," Appl. Phys. B 82, 513-517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, A. L. Wolf, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs, and K. S. E. Eikema, "A source of 2 terawatt, 2.7 cycle laser pulses based on noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification," Opt. Express 14, 8168-8177 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Deep-Ultraviolet Quantum Interference Metrology with Ultrashort Laser Pulses," Science 307, 400-403 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and Th. W. Hansch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature (London) 436, 234-237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, and Th. W. Hansch, "Optical frequency synthesizer for Precision Spectroscopy," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2264-2267 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Verhoef, J. Seres, K. Schmid, Y. Nomura, G. Tempea, L. Veisz, F. Krausz, "Compression of the pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system to 5 femtoseconds at 0.2 terawatt level," Appl. Phys. B 82, 513-517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Verhoef, J. Seres, K. Schmid, Y. Nomura, G. Tempea, L. Veisz, F. Krausz, "Compression of the pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system to 5 femtoseconds at 0.2 terawatt level," Appl. Phys. B 82, 513-517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis," Science 288, 635-639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Renault, D. Z. Kandula, S. Witte, A. L. Wolf, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Phase stability of terawatt-class ultrabroadband parametric amplification," Opt. Lett. 32, 2363-2365 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Numerical simulations for performance optimization of a few-cycle terawatt NOPCPA system," Appl. Phys. B 87, 677-684 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, A. L. Wolf, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs, and K. S. E. Eikema, "A source of 2 terawatt, 2.7 cycle laser pulses based on noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification," Opt. Express 14, 8168-8177 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Th. Zinkstok, S. Witte, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Frequency comb laser spectroscopy in the vacuum-ultraviolet region," Phys. Rev. A 73, 061801 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Deep-Ultraviolet Quantum Interference Metrology with Ultrashort Laser Pulses," Science 307, 400-403 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Renault, D. Z. Kandula, S. Witte, A. L. Wolf, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Phase stability of terawatt-class ultrabroadband parametric amplification," Opt. Lett. 32, 2363-2365 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, A. L. Wolf, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs, and K. S. E. Eikema, "A source of 2 terawatt, 2.7 cycle laser pulses based on noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification," Opt. Express 14, 8168-8177 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Renault, D. Z. Kandula, S. Witte, A. L. Wolf, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Phase stability of terawatt-class ultrabroadband parametric amplification," Opt. Lett. 32, 2363-2365 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Numerical simulations for performance optimization of a few-cycle terawatt NOPCPA system," Appl. Phys. B 87, 677-684 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, A. L. Wolf, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs, and K. S. E. Eikema, "A source of 2 terawatt, 2.7 cycle laser pulses based on noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification," Opt. Express 14, 8168-8177 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Th. Zinkstok, S. Witte, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Frequency comb laser spectroscopy in the vacuum-ultraviolet region," Phys. Rev. A 73, 061801 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Deep-Ultraviolet Quantum Interference Metrology with Ultrashort Laser Pulses," Science 307, 400-403 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. B
- A. J. Verhoef, J. Seres, K. Schmid, Y. Nomura, G. Tempea, L. Veisz, F. Krausz, "Compression of the pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system to 5 femtoseconds at 0.2 terawatt level," Appl. Phys. B 82, 513-517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- C. P. Hauri, W. Kornelis, F. W. Helbing, A. Heinrich, A. Couairon, A. Mysiorowicz, J. Biegert, U. Keller, "Generation of intense, carrier-envelope phase-locked few-cycle laser pulses through filamentation," Appl. Phys. B 79, 673-677 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Numerical simulations for performance optimization of a few-cycle terawatt NOPCPA system," Appl. Phys. B 87, 677-684 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. Soc. Am.
- M. Takeda, H. Ina, and S. Kobayashi, "Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 156-160 (1982). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
- I. N. Ross, P. Matousek, G. H. C. New, and K. Osvay, "Analysis and optimization of optical parametric chirped pulse amplification," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 2945-2956 (2002). [CrossRef]
Nature (London)
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and Th. W. Hansch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature (London) 436, 234-237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, A. L. Wolf, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs, and K. S. E. Eikema, "A source of 2 terawatt, 2.7 cycle laser pulses based on noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification," Opt. Express 14, 8168-8177 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- A. Renault, D. Z. Kandula, S. Witte, A. L. Wolf, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Phase stability of terawatt-class ultrabroadband parametric amplification," Opt. Lett. 32, 2363-2365 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Jones, K. D. Moll, J. Thorpe, J. Ye "Phase-Coherent Frequency Combs in the Vacuum Ultraviolet via High-Harmonic Generation inside a Femtosecond Enhancement Cavity," Opt. Lett. 29, 2812-2814 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev.
- N. F. Ramsey "A Molecular Beam Resonance Method with Separated Oscillating Fields," Phys. Rev. 78, 695-699 (1950). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. A
- R. Th. Zinkstok, S. Witte, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Frequency comb laser spectroscopy in the vacuum-ultraviolet region," Phys. Rev. A 73, 061801 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. B. Gaarde, F. Salin, E. Constant, Ph. Balcou, K. J. Schafer, K. C. Kulander, and A. L�??Huillier, "Spatiotemporal separation of high harmonic radiation into two quantum path components," Phys. Rev. A 59, 1367-1373 (1999). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, and Th. W. Hansch, "Optical frequency synthesizer for Precision Spectroscopy," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2264-2267 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Cavalieri, R. Eramo, M. Materazzi, Ch. Corsi, and M. Bellini, "Ramsey-Type Spectroscopy with High-Order Harmonics," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 133002 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Deep-Ultraviolet Quantum Interference Metrology with Ultrashort Laser Pulses," Science 307, 400-403 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis," Science 288, 635-639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
- Pearson�??s linear correlation coefficient is not appropriate, as it assumes a linear relationship between the variables, which is not the case here.
- The phase mismatch is very sensitive to the angles in the parametric amplification. It is extremely difficult to measure them accurate enough to be able to determine �??k
2007, Uiberacker, Nature (London)
- M. Uiberacker, Th. Uphues, M Schultze, A. J. Verhoef, V. Yakovlev, M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, N. M. Kabachnik, H. Schroder, M. Lezius, K. L. Kompa, H.-G. Muller, M. J. J. Vrakking, S. Hendel, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher and F. Krausz "Attosecond real-time observations of electron tunelling in atoms," Nature (London) 446, 627-632 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Numerical simulations for performance optimization of a few-cycle terawatt NOPCPA system," Appl. Phys. B 87, 677-684 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. F. Kling, Ch. Siedschlag, A. J. Verhoef, J. I. Khan, M. Schulze, Th. Uphues, Y. Ni, M. Uierbacker, M. Drescher, F. Krausz, and M. J. J. Vrakking "Control of Electron Localization in Molecular Dissociation," Science 312, 246-248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Th. Zinkstok, S. Witte, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Frequency comb laser spectroscopy in the vacuum-ultraviolet region," Phys. Rev. A 73, 061801 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. J. Verhoef, J. Seres, K. Schmid, Y. Nomura, G. Tempea, L. Veisz, F. Krausz, "Compression of the pulses of a Ti:sapphire laser system to 5 femtoseconds at 0.2 terawatt level," Appl. Phys. B 82, 513-517 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and Th. W. Hansch, "A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet," Nature (London) 436, 234-237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Witte, R. Th. Zinkstok, W. Ubachs, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, "Deep-Ultraviolet Quantum Interference Metrology with Ultrashort Laser Pulses," Science 307, 400-403 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. P. Hauri, W. Kornelis, F. W. Helbing, A. Heinrich, A. Couairon, A. Mysiorowicz, J. Biegert, U. Keller, "Generation of intense, carrier-envelope phase-locked few-cycle laser pulses through filamentation," Appl. Phys. B 79, 673-677 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Cavalieri, R. Eramo, M. Materazzi, Ch. Corsi, and M. Bellini, "Ramsey-Type Spectroscopy with High-Order Harmonics," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 133002 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, and Th. W. Hansch, "Optical frequency synthesizer for Precision Spectroscopy," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2264-2267 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis," Science 288, 635-639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. B. Gaarde, F. Salin, E. Constant, Ph. Balcou, K. J. Schafer, K. C. Kulander, and A. L�??Huillier, "Spatiotemporal separation of high harmonic radiation into two quantum path components," Phys. Rev. A 59, 1367-1373 (1999). [CrossRef]
- N. F. Ramsey "A Molecular Beam Resonance Method with Separated Oscillating Fields," Phys. Rev. 78, 695-699 (1950). [CrossRef]
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