Impedance matching vertical optical waveguide couplers for dense high index contrast circuits

doi:10.1364/OE.16.011682

Impedance matching vertical optical waveguide couplers for dense high index contrast circuits

Rong Sun, Mark Beals, Andrew Pomerene, Jing Cheng, Ching-yin Hong, Lionel Kimerling, and Jurgen Michel »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 16, pp. 11682-11690 (2008)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.011682

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Abstract
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Abstract

We designed and demonstrated a compact, high-index contrast (HIC) vertical waveguide coupler for TE single mode operation with the lowest coupling loss of 0.20 dB ± 0.05 dB at 1550 nm. Our vertical coupler consists of a pair of vertically overlapping inverse taper structures made of SOI and amorphous silicon. The vertical coupler can suppress power oscillation observed in regular directional couplers and guarantees vertical optical impedance matching with great tolerance for fabrication and refractive index variations of the waveguide materials. The coupler furthermore shows excellent broadband coupling efficiencies between 1460 nm and 1570 nm.

OCIS Codes
(130.2790) Integrated optics : Guided waves
(230.7380) Optical devices : Waveguides, channeled

ToC Category:
Integrated Optics

History
Original Manuscript: May 13, 2008
Revised Manuscript: July 2, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: July 4, 2008
Published: July 21, 2008

Citation
Rong Sun, Mark Beals, Andrew Pomerene, Jing Cheng, Ching-yin Hong, Lionel Kimerling, and Jurgen Michel, "Impedance matching vertical optical waveguide couplers for dense high index contrast circuits," Opt. Express 16, 11682-11690 (2008)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-16-11682

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References

R. Kirchain and L. C. Kimerling, "A roadmap for nanophotonics," Nature Photon. 1, 303-305 (2007). [CrossRef]
Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, "Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator," Nature 435, 325-327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Liu, J. Michel, W. Giziewicz, D. Pan, K. Wada, D. Cannon, L. C. Kimerling, J. Chen, F. O. Ilday, F. X. Kartner, and J. Yasaitis, "High-performance, tensile-strained Ge p-i-n photodetectors on a Si platform," Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 103501 (2005). [CrossRef]
D. Ahn, C-Y Hong, J. Liu, W. Giziewicz, M. Beals, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, "High performance, waveguide integrated Ge photodetectors," Opt. Express 15, 3916-3921 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
L. C. Kimerling, D. Ahn, A. B. Apsel, M. Beals, D. Carothers, Y-K. Chen, T. Conway, D. M. Gill, M. Grove, C-Y Hong, M. Lipson, J. Liu, J. Michel, D. Pan, S. S. Patel, A. T. Pomerene, M. Rasras, D. K. Sparacin, K-Y. Tu, A. E. White, and C. W. Wong, "Electronic-photonic integrated circuits on the CMOS platform," Proc. SPIE 6125, 612502 (2006). [CrossRef]
B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics (P266, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991). [CrossRef]
H. A. Haus, Wave and Fields in Optoelectronics (P218, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1984).
D. K. Sparacin, R. Sun, A. Agarwal, M. Beals, J. Michel, L. C. Kimerling, T. Conway, A. Pomerene, D. Carothers, M. Grove, D. M. Gill, M. S. Rasras, S. S. Patel, and A. E. White, "Low-loss amorphous silicon channel waveguides for integrated photonics," Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 255-257, 2006.
M. Beals, J. Michel, J. Liu, D. Ahn, D. K. Sparacin, R. Sun, C-Y Hong, L. C. Kimerling, A. Pomerene, D. Carothers, J. Beattie, A. Kopa, A. Apsel, M. S. Rasras, D. M. Gill, S. S. Patel, K. Y. Tu, Y-K Chen, and A. E. White, "Process Flow Innovations for Photonic Device Integration in CMOS," Proc. SPIE 6898, 689804 (2008). [CrossRef]
Y. Shani, C. H. Henry, R. C. Kistler, R. F. Kazarinov, and K. J. Orlowsky, "Integrated optic adiabatic polarization splitter on silicon," Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 120 (1990). [CrossRef]
A. Yariv and X. Sun, "Supermode Si/III-V hybrid lasers, optical amplifiers, and modulators: A proposal and analysis," Opt. Express 15, 9147 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. F. G. Gallagher and T. P. Felici, "Eigenmode expansion methods for simulation of optical propagation in photonics: Pros and cons," Proc. SPIE 4987, 69-82 (2003). [CrossRef]
M. R. Watts and H. A. Haus, "Integrated mode-evolution-based polarization rotators," Opt. Lett. 29, 138 (2005). [CrossRef]
N-N Feng, R. Sun, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, "Lossless strip-to-slot waveguide transformer," Opt. Lett. 32, 1250 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. Karminow and L. W. Stulz, "Loss in cleaved Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 33, 62 (1978) [CrossRef]
J. Liu, D. Pan, S. Jongthammanurak, D. Ahn, C-Y Hong, M. Beals, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, "Waveguide-Integrated Ge p-i-n Photodetectors on SOI Platform," 3rd IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics,2006, 173

Ahn, D.
Apsel, A.
Apsel, A. B.
Beals, M.
Beattie, J.
Cannon, D.
Carothers, D.
Chen, J.
Chen, Y-K
Chen, Y-K.
Conway, T.
Felici, T. P.
Feng, N-N
Gallagher, D. F. G.
Gill, D. M.
Giziewicz, W.
Grove, M.
Haus, H. A.
Henry, C. H.
Hong, C-Y
Ilday, F. O.
Karminow, P.
Kartner, F. X.
Kärtner, F. X.
Kazarinov, R. F.
Kimerling, L. C.
Kimerling, L.C.
Kirchain, R.
Kistler, R. C.
Kopa, A.
Lipson, M.
Liu, J.
Michel, J.
Orlowsky, K. J.
Pan, D.
Patel, S. S.
Pomerene, A.
Pomerene, A. T.
Pradhan, S.
Rasras, M.
Rasras, M. S.
Schmidt, B.
Shani, Y.
Sparacin, D. K.
Stulz, L. W.
Sun, R.
Sun, X.
Tu, K. Y.
Tu, K-Y.
Wada, K.
Watts, M. R.
White, A. E.
Wong, C. W.
Xu, Q.
Yariv, A.
Yasaitis, J.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

J. Liu, J. Michel, W. Giziewicz, D. Pan, K. Wada, D. Cannon, L. C. Kimerling, J. Chen, F. O. Ilday, F. X. Kartner, and J. Yasaitis, "High-performance, tensile-strained Ge p-i-n photodetectors on a Si platform," Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 103501 (2005). [CrossRef]
Y. Shani, C. H. Henry, R. C. Kistler, R. F. Kazarinov, and K. J. Orlowsky, "Integrated optic adiabatic polarization splitter on silicon," Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 120 (1990). [CrossRef]
P. Karminow and L. W. Stulz, "Loss in cleaved Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides," Appl. Phys. Lett. 33, 62 (1978) [CrossRef]

Nature

Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, "Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator," Nature 435, 325-327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nature Photon.

R. Kirchain and L. C. Kimerling, "A roadmap for nanophotonics," Nature Photon. 1, 303-305 (2007). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

Opt. Lett.

M. R. Watts and H. A. Haus, "Integrated mode-evolution-based polarization rotators," Opt. Lett. 29, 138 (2005). [CrossRef]
N-N Feng, R. Sun, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, "Lossless strip-to-slot waveguide transformer," Opt. Lett. 32, 1250 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Proc. SPIE

M. Beals, J. Michel, J. Liu, D. Ahn, D. K. Sparacin, R. Sun, C-Y Hong, L. C. Kimerling, A. Pomerene, D. Carothers, J. Beattie, A. Kopa, A. Apsel, M. S. Rasras, D. M. Gill, S. S. Patel, K. Y. Tu, Y-K Chen, and A. E. White, "Process Flow Innovations for Photonic Device Integration in CMOS," Proc. SPIE 6898, 689804 (2008). [CrossRef]
L. C. Kimerling, D. Ahn, A. B. Apsel, M. Beals, D. Carothers, Y-K. Chen, T. Conway, D. M. Gill, M. Grove, C-Y Hong, M. Lipson, J. Liu, J. Michel, D. Pan, S. S. Patel, A. T. Pomerene, M. Rasras, D. K. Sparacin, K-Y. Tu, A. E. White, and C. W. Wong, "Electronic-photonic integrated circuits on the CMOS platform," Proc. SPIE 6125, 612502 (2006). [CrossRef]
D. F. G. Gallagher and T. P. Felici, "Eigenmode expansion methods for simulation of optical propagation in photonics: Pros and cons," Proc. SPIE 4987, 69-82 (2003). [CrossRef]

Other

B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics (P266, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991). [CrossRef]
H. A. Haus, Wave and Fields in Optoelectronics (P218, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1984).
D. K. Sparacin, R. Sun, A. Agarwal, M. Beals, J. Michel, L. C. Kimerling, T. Conway, A. Pomerene, D. Carothers, M. Grove, D. M. Gill, M. S. Rasras, S. S. Patel, and A. E. White, "Low-loss amorphous silicon channel waveguides for integrated photonics," Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 255-257, 2006.
J. Liu, D. Pan, S. Jongthammanurak, D. Ahn, C-Y Hong, M. Beals, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, "Waveguide-Integrated Ge p-i-n Photodetectors on SOI Platform," 3rd IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics,2006, 173

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