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Ultra-low power parametric frequency conversion in a silicon microring resonator
Amy C. Turner, Mark A. Foster, Alexander L. Gaeta, and Michal Lipson »View Author Affiliations
1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
2School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
*Corresponding author: lipson@ece.cornell.edu
Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 7, pp. 4881-4887 (2008)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.004881
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Abstract
We demonstrate parametric wavelength conversion via four-wave mixing using ultra-low peak pump powers of a few milliwatts in a micrometer-scale silicon device. The response time of our device is 100 ps allowing for implementation in high-bandwidth optical communications. At these ultra-low power levels and microscale sizes, it should be possible to realize hundreds of these devices operating simultaneously on a single chip.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(190.4390) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics, integrated optics
(130.7405) Integrated optics : Wavelength conversion devices
ToC Category:
Integrated Optics
History
Original Manuscript: February 4, 2008
Revised Manuscript: March 19, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: March 19, 2008
Published: March 26, 2008
Citation
Amy C. Turner, Mark A. Foster, Alexander L. Gaeta, and Michal Lipson, "Ultra-low power parametric frequency conversion in a silicon microring resonator," Opt. Express 16, 4881-4887 (2008)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-7-4881
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References
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- P. P. Absil, J. V. Hryniewicz, B. E. Little, P. S. Cho, R. A. Wilson, L. G. Joneckis, and P. -T. Ho, "Wavelength conversion in GaAs mirco-ring resonators," Opt. Lett. 25, 554-556 (2000). [CrossRef]
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- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. F. Preble, Q. Xu, B. S. Schmidt, and M. Lipson, "Ultrafast all-optical modulation on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 30, 2891-2893 (2005) http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-21-2891. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. H. Agha, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Four-wave mixing parametric oscillations in dispersion-compensated high-Q optical microspheres," Phys. Rev. A 76, 043837 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "All-optical control of light on a silicon chip," Nature 431, 1081-1084 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, "All-optical switching on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 29, 2867-2869 (2004). [CrossRef]
- P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth and T. J. Kippenberg, "Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator," Nature 450, 1214-1217 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. Ashkin, G. Boyd, and J. Dziedzic, "Resonant optical second harmonic generation and mixing," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 2, 109-124 (1966). [CrossRef]
- S. Ayotte, S. Xu, H. Rong, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Dispersion compensation by optical phase conjugation in silicon waveguide," Electron. Lett. 43, 1037-1039 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Ayotte, H. Rong, S. Xu, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Multichannel dispersion compensation using a silicon waveguide-based optical phase conjugator," Opt. Lett. 32, 2393-2395 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, "All-optical switching on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 29, 2867-2869 (2004). [CrossRef]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "All-optical control of light on a silicon chip," Nature 431, 1081-1084 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, "Electrooptical effects in silicon," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-23, 123-129 (1987). [CrossRef]
- A. Ashkin, G. Boyd, and J. Dziedzic, "Resonant optical second harmonic generation and mixing," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 2, 109-124 (1966). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, N. Rotenberg, and H. M. van Driel, "Two-photon absorption and Kerr coefficients of silicon for 850-2200 nm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 191104 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. Vahala, "Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74-77 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- S. Ayotte, S. Xu, H. Rong, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Dispersion compensation by optical phase conjugation in silicon waveguide," Electron. Lett. 43, 1037-1039 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Ayotte, H. Rong, S. Xu, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Multichannel dispersion compensation using a silicon waveguide-based optical phase conjugator," Opt. Lett. 32, 2393-2395 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. -H. Kuo, H. Rong, V. Sih, S. Xu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "Demonstration of wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s data rate in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 11721-11726 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Rong, Y. -H. Kuo, A. Liu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "High efficiency wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s data in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 1182-1188 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth and T. J. Kippenberg, "Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator," Nature 450, 1214-1217 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. Ashkin, G. Boyd, and J. Dziedzic, "Resonant optical second harmonic generation and mixing," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 2, 109-124 (1966). [CrossRef]
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band continuous-wave parametric wavelength conversion in silicon nanowaveguides," Opt. Express 15, 12949-12958 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. H. Agha, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Four-wave mixing parametric oscillations in dispersion-compensated high-Q optical microspheres," Phys. Rev. A 76, 043837 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Signal regeneration using low-power four-wave mixing on silicon chip," Nat. Photonics 2, 35-38 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441, 960-963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4357-4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, "All-optical switching on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 29, 2867-2869 (2004). [CrossRef]
- K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, T. Shoji, and S. Itabashi, "All-optical efficient wavelength conversion using silicon photonic wire waveguide," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1046-1048 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. Fukuda, K. Yamada, T. Shoji, M. Takahashi, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, J. -i. Takahashi, and S. -i. Itabashi, "Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides," Opt. Express 13, 4629-4637 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band continuous-wave parametric wavelength conversion in silicon nanowaveguides," Opt. Express 15, 12949-12958 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. H. Agha, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Four-wave mixing parametric oscillations in dispersion-compensated high-Q optical microspheres," Phys. Rev. A 76, 043837 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Signal regeneration using low-power four-wave mixing on silicon chip," Nat. Photonics 2, 35-38 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441, 960-963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4357-4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, "All-optical switching on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 29, 2867-2869 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Signal regeneration using low-power four-wave mixing on silicon chip," Nat. Photonics 2, 35-38 (2007). [CrossRef]
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth and T. J. Kippenberg, "Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator," Nature 450, 1214-1217 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, T. Shoji, and S. Itabashi, "All-optical efficient wavelength conversion using silicon photonic wire waveguide," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1046-1048 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Kikuchi and C. Lorattanasane, "Design of highly efficient four-wave mixing devices using Optical Fibers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 6, 992-994 (1994). [CrossRef]
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth and T. J. Kippenberg, "Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator," Nature 450, 1214-1217 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, and K. J. Vahala, "Kerr-nonlinearity optical parametric oscillation in an ultrahigh-Q toroid microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 083904 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. -H. Kuo, H. Rong, V. Sih, S. Xu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "Demonstration of wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s data rate in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 11721-11726 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Rong, Y. -H. Kuo, A. Liu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "High efficiency wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s data in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 1182-1188 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. Dong, S. F. Preble, and M. Lipson, "All-optical compact silicon comb switch," Opt. Express 15, 9600-9605 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Signal regeneration using low-power four-wave mixing on silicon chip," Nat. Photonics 2, 35-38 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band continuous-wave parametric wavelength conversion in silicon nanowaveguides," Opt. Express 15, 12949-12958 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441, 960-963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, "Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for WDM optical interconnection," Opt. Express 14, 9430-9435 (2006). [CrossRef]
- B. G. Lee, B. A. Small, K. Bergman, Q. Xu, and M. Lipson, "Transmission of high-data-rate optical signals through a micrometer-scale silicon ring resonator," Opt. Lett. 31, 2701-2703 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4357-4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, "Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator," Nature 435, 325-327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. F. Preble, Q. Xu, B. S. Schmidt, and M. Lipson, "Ultrafast all-optical modulation on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 30, 2891-2893 (2005) http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-21-2891. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, "All-optical switching on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 29, 2867-2869 (2004). [CrossRef]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "All-optical control of light on a silicon chip," Nature 431, 1081-1084 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. P. Absil, J. V. Hryniewicz, B. E. Little, P. S. Cho, R. A. Wilson, L. G. Joneckis, and P. -T. Ho, "Wavelength conversion in GaAs mirco-ring resonators," Opt. Lett. 25, 554-556 (2000). [CrossRef]
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- K. Kikuchi and C. Lorattanasane, "Design of highly efficient four-wave mixing devices using Optical Fibers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 6, 992-994 (1994). [CrossRef]
- I. H. Agha, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Four-wave mixing parametric oscillations in dispersion-compensated high-Q optical microspheres," Phys. Rev. A 76, 043837 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Borselli, T. J. Johnson, and O. Painter, "Accurate measurement of scattering and absorption loss in microphotonic devices," Opt. Lett. 32, 2954-2956 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. Vahala, "Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74-77 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, "All-optical switching on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 29, 2867-2869 (2004). [CrossRef]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "All-optical control of light on a silicon chip," Nature 431, 1081-1084 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Rong, Y. -H. Kuo, A. Liu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "High efficiency wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s data in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 1182-1188 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. -H. Kuo, H. Rong, V. Sih, S. Xu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "Demonstration of wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s data rate in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 11721-11726 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ayotte, S. Xu, H. Rong, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Dispersion compensation by optical phase conjugation in silicon waveguide," Electron. Lett. 43, 1037-1039 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Ayotte, H. Rong, S. Xu, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Multichannel dispersion compensation using a silicon waveguide-based optical phase conjugator," Opt. Lett. 32, 2393-2395 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, "Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator," Nature 435, 325-327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Dong, S. F. Preble, and M. Lipson, "All-optical compact silicon comb switch," Opt. Express 15, 9600-9605 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. F. Preble, Q. Xu, B. S. Schmidt, and M. Lipson, "Ultrafast all-optical modulation on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 30, 2891-2893 (2005) http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-21-2891. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. Ayotte, S. Xu, H. Rong, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Dispersion compensation by optical phase conjugation in silicon waveguide," Electron. Lett. 43, 1037-1039 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Ayotte, H. Rong, S. Xu, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Multichannel dispersion compensation using a silicon waveguide-based optical phase conjugator," Opt. Lett. 32, 2393-2395 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Rong, Y. -H. Kuo, A. Liu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "High efficiency wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s data in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 1182-1188 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. -H. Kuo, H. Rong, V. Sih, S. Xu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "Demonstration of wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s data rate in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 11721-11726 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. Bristow, N. Rotenberg, and H. M. van Driel, "Two-photon absorption and Kerr coefficients of silicon for 850-2200 nm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 191104 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Signal regeneration using low-power four-wave mixing on silicon chip," Nat. Photonics 2, 35-38 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band continuous-wave parametric wavelength conversion in silicon nanowaveguides," Opt. Express 15, 12949-12958 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth and T. J. Kippenberg, "Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator," Nature 450, 1214-1217 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, "Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for WDM optical interconnection," Opt. Express 14, 9430-9435 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, "Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator," Nature 435, 325-327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4357-4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441, 960-963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. F. Preble, Q. Xu, B. S. Schmidt, and M. Lipson, "Ultrafast all-optical modulation on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 30, 2891-2893 (2005) http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-21-2891. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, "Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for WDM optical interconnection," Opt. Express 14, 9430-9435 (2006). [CrossRef]
- I. H. Agha, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Four-wave mixing parametric oscillations in dispersion-compensated high-Q optical microspheres," Phys. Rev. A 76, 043837 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441, 960-963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4357-4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, T. Shoji, and S. Itabashi, "All-optical efficient wavelength conversion using silicon photonic wire waveguide," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1046-1048 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. Fukuda, K. Yamada, T. Shoji, M. Takahashi, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, J. -i. Takahashi, and S. -i. Itabashi, "Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides," Opt. Express 13, 4629-4637 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, "Electrooptical effects in silicon," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-23, 123-129 (1987). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, and K. J. Vahala, "Kerr-nonlinearity optical parametric oscillation in an ultrahigh-Q toroid microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 083904 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, T. Shoji, and S. Itabashi, "All-optical efficient wavelength conversion using silicon photonic wire waveguide," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1046-1048 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. Fukuda, K. Yamada, T. Shoji, M. Takahashi, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, J. -i. Takahashi, and S. -i. Itabashi, "Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides," Opt. Express 13, 4629-4637 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band continuous-wave parametric wavelength conversion in silicon nanowaveguides," Opt. Express 15, 12949-12958 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Signal regeneration using low-power four-wave mixing on silicon chip," Nat. Photonics 2, 35-38 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441, 960-963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4357-4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. Vahala, "Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74-77 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, and K. J. Vahala, "Kerr-nonlinearity optical parametric oscillation in an ultrahigh-Q toroid microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 083904 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. Bristow, N. Rotenberg, and H. M. van Driel, "Two-photon absorption and Kerr coefficients of silicon for 850-2200 nm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 191104 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, T. Shoji, and S. Itabashi, "All-optical efficient wavelength conversion using silicon photonic wire waveguide," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1046-1048 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. Fukuda, K. Yamada, T. Shoji, M. Takahashi, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, J. -i. Takahashi, and S. -i. Itabashi, "Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides," Opt. Express 13, 4629-4637 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth and T. J. Kippenberg, "Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator," Nature 450, 1214-1217 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- B. G. Lee, B. A. Small, K. Bergman, Q. Xu, and M. Lipson, "Transmission of high-data-rate optical signals through a micrometer-scale silicon ring resonator," Opt. Lett. 31, 2701-2703 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, "Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for WDM optical interconnection," Opt. Express 14, 9430-9435 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, "Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator," Nature 435, 325-327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. F. Preble, Q. Xu, B. S. Schmidt, and M. Lipson, "Ultrafast all-optical modulation on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 30, 2891-2893 (2005) http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-21-2891. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ayotte, H. Rong, S. Xu, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Multichannel dispersion compensation using a silicon waveguide-based optical phase conjugator," Opt. Lett. 32, 2393-2395 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ayotte, S. Xu, H. Rong, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Dispersion compensation by optical phase conjugation in silicon waveguide," Electron. Lett. 43, 1037-1039 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Y. -H. Kuo, H. Rong, V. Sih, S. Xu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "Demonstration of wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s data rate in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 11721-11726 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, T. Shoji, and S. Itabashi, "All-optical efficient wavelength conversion using silicon photonic wire waveguide," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1046-1048 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. Fukuda, K. Yamada, T. Shoji, M. Takahashi, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, J. -i. Takahashi, and S. -i. Itabashi, "Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides," Opt. Express 13, 4629-4637 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- A. D. Bristow, N. Rotenberg, and H. M. van Driel, "Two-photon absorption and Kerr coefficients of silicon for 850-2200 nm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 191104 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
Electron. Lett.
- S. Ayotte, S. Xu, H. Rong, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Dispersion compensation by optical phase conjugation in silicon waveguide," Electron. Lett. 43, 1037-1039 (2007). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- A. Ashkin, G. Boyd, and J. Dziedzic, "Resonant optical second harmonic generation and mixing," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 2, 109-124 (1966). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, "Electrooptical effects in silicon," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-23, 123-129 (1987). [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- K. Kikuchi and C. Lorattanasane, "Design of highly efficient four-wave mixing devices using Optical Fibers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 6, 992-994 (1994). [CrossRef]
- K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, T. Shoji, and S. Itabashi, "All-optical efficient wavelength conversion using silicon photonic wire waveguide," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1046-1048 (2006). [CrossRef]
Nat. Photonics
- R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Signal regeneration using low-power four-wave mixing on silicon chip," Nat. Photonics 2, 35-38 (2007). [CrossRef]
Nature
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441, 960-963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, "Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator," Nature 435, 325-327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "All-optical control of light on a silicon chip," Nature 431, 1081-1084 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth and T. J. Kippenberg, "Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator," Nature 450, 1214-1217 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 4357-4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Dong, S. F. Preble, and M. Lipson, "All-optical compact silicon comb switch," Opt. Express 15, 9600-9605 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, "Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for WDM optical interconnection," Opt. Express 14, 9430-9435 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. L. Espinola, J. I. Dadap, R. M. Osgood, S. J. McNab, and Y. A. Vlasov, "C-band wavelength conversion in silicon photonic wire waveguides," Opt. Express 13, 4341-4349 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band continuous-wave parametric wavelength conversion in silicon nanowaveguides," Opt. Express 15, 12949-12958 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Fukuda, K. Yamada, T. Shoji, M. Takahashi, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, J. -i. Takahashi, and S. -i. Itabashi, "Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides," Opt. Express 13, 4629-4637 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. -H. Kuo, H. Rong, V. Sih, S. Xu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "Demonstration of wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s data rate in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 11721-11726 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Rong, Y. -H. Kuo, A. Liu, M. Paniccia, and O. Cohen, "High efficiency wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s data in silicon waveguides," Opt. Express 14, 1182-1188 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- S. Ayotte, H. Rong, S. Xu, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Multichannel dispersion compensation using a silicon waveguide-based optical phase conjugator," Opt. Lett. 32, 2393-2395 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, "All-optical switching on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 29, 2867-2869 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Borselli, T. J. Johnson, and O. Painter, "Accurate measurement of scattering and absorption loss in microphotonic devices," Opt. Lett. 32, 2954-2956 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. P. Absil, J. V. Hryniewicz, B. E. Little, P. S. Cho, R. A. Wilson, L. G. Joneckis, and P. -T. Ho, "Wavelength conversion in GaAs mirco-ring resonators," Opt. Lett. 25, 554-556 (2000). [CrossRef]
- B. G. Lee, B. A. Small, K. Bergman, Q. Xu, and M. Lipson, "Transmission of high-data-rate optical signals through a micrometer-scale silicon ring resonator," Opt. Lett. 31, 2701-2703 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. F. Preble, Q. Xu, B. S. Schmidt, and M. Lipson, "Ultrafast all-optical modulation on a silicon chip," Opt. Lett. 30, 2891-2893 (2005) http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-30-21-2891. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. A
- I. H. Agha, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Four-wave mixing parametric oscillations in dispersion-compensated high-Q optical microspheres," Phys. Rev. A 76, 043837 (2007). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, and K. J. Vahala, "Kerr-nonlinearity optical parametric oscillation in an ultrahigh-Q toroid microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 083904 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. Vahala, "Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74-77 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
- G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic Press, New York, 2001).
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2007, Agha, Phys. Rev. A
- I. H. Agha, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, "Four-wave mixing parametric oscillations in dispersion-compensated high-Q optical microspheres," Phys. Rev. A 76, 043837 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Signal regeneration using low-power four-wave mixing on silicon chip," Nat. Photonics 2, 35-38 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Ayotte, S. Xu, H. Rong, O. Cohen, and M. J. Paniccia, "Dispersion compensation by optical phase conjugation in silicon waveguide," Electron. Lett. 43, 1037-1039 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Del’Haye, A. Schliesser, O. Arcizet, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth and T. J. Kippenberg, "Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator," Nature 450, 1214-1217 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. Bristow, N. Rotenberg, and H. M. van Driel, "Two-photon absorption and Kerr coefficients of silicon for 850-2200 nm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 191104 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, "Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for WDM optical interconnection," Opt. Express 14, 9430-9435 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, T. Shoji, and S. Itabashi, "All-optical efficient wavelength conversion using silicon photonic wire waveguide," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1046-1048 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson and A. L. Gaeta, "Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip," Nature 441, 960-963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, "Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator," Nature 435, 325-327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. R. Almeida, C. A. Barrios, R. R. Panepucci, and M. Lipson, "All-optical control of light on a silicon chip," Nature 431, 1081-1084 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, and K. J. Vahala, "Kerr-nonlinearity optical parametric oscillation in an ultrahigh-Q toroid microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 083904 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, "Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 ?m wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 416-418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Cai, O. Painter, and K. Vahala, "Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 74-77 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. E. Little, J. S. Foresi, G. Steinmeyer, E. R. Thoen, S. T. Chu, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, L. C. Kimerling, and W. Greene, "Ultra-compact Si-SiO2 microring resonator optical channel dropping filters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 549-551 (1998). [CrossRef]
- K. Kikuchi and C. Lorattanasane, "Design of highly efficient four-wave mixing devices using Optical Fibers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 6, 992-994 (1994). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Soref and B. R. Bennett, "Electrooptical effects in silicon," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-23, 123-129 (1987). [CrossRef]
- A. Ashkin, G. Boyd, and J. Dziedzic, "Resonant optical second harmonic generation and mixing," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 2, 109-124 (1966). [CrossRef]
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