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Distributed feedback ring resonators for vertically emitting terahertz quantum cascade lasers
Lukas Mahler, Maria I. Amanti, Christoph Walther, Alessandro Tredicucci, Fabio Beltram, Jérôme Faist, Harvey E. Beere, and David A. Ritchie »View Author Affiliations
Lukas Mahler,1,*
Maria I. Amanti,2
Christoph Walther,2
Alessandro Tredicucci,1
Fabio Beltram,1
Jérôme Faist,2
Harvey E. Beere,3
and David A. Ritchie3
1NEST, CNR-INFM and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
2Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, HPT H 7, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
3Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
*Corresponding author: l.mahler@sns.it
Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 15, pp. 13031-13039 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.013031
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Abstract
We present distributed-feedback Terahertz quantum cascade lasers operating in a double-metal ring waveguide. High power collimated emission in a single spectral mode is observed in the vertical direction. A double-slit configuration is employed to achieve both good electrical contacts and efficient power out-coupling. The optical properties of the devices are interpreted with the aid of finite element simulations.
© 2009 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.3070) Lasers and laser optics : Infrared and far-infrared lasers
(140.3490) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, distributed-feedback
(140.3560) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, ring
(240.6680) Optics at surfaces : Surface plasmons
(250.7270) Optoelectronics : Vertical emitting lasers
(140.5965) Lasers and laser optics : Semiconductor lasers, quantum cascade
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: May 12, 2009
Revised Manuscript: June 24, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: July 6, 2009
Published: July 15, 2009
Virtual Issues
July 17, 2009 Spotlight on Optics
Citation
Lukas Mahler, Maria I. Amanti, Christoph Walther, Alessandro Tredicucci, Fabio Beltram, Jérôme Faist, Harvey E. Beere, and David A. Ritchie, "Distributed feedback ring resonators for vertically emitting terahertz quantum cascade lasers," Opt. Express 17, 13031-13039 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-15-13031
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References
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature 417(6885), 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. S. Williams, “Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers,” Nat. Photonics 1(9), 517–525 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(6), 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. W. M. Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Real-time terahertz imaging over a standoff distance (>25 meters),” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Kumar and A. W. M. Lee, “Resonant-phonon terahertz quantum-cascade lasers and video-rate terahertz imaging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14(2), 333–344 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. Pavlov, A. Semenov, R. Köhler, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and E. Linfield, “Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5890–5896 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz quantum-cascade laser at λ ≈ 100 µm using metal waveguide for mode confinement,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2124–2126 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. Reno, “186 K operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers based on a diagonal design,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 131105 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, C. Walther, G. Scalari, and J. Faist, “Horn antennas for terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett. 43(10), 573–574 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Wei Min Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “High-power and high-temperature THz quantum-cascade lasers based on lens-coupled metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2840–2842 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Sirigu, R. Terazzi, M. I. Amanti, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, L. A. Dunbar, and R. Houdré, “Terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on two-dimensional photonic crystal resonators,” Opt. Express 16(8), 5206–5217 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. P. Marshall, V. Apostolopoulos, J. R. Freeman, R. Rungsawang, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Surface-emitting photonic crystal terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(17), 171112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. A. Fan, M. A. Belkin, F. Capasso, S. Khanna, M. Lachab, A. G. Davies, and E. H. Linfield, “Surface emitting terahertz quantum cascade laser with a double-metal waveguide,” Opt. Express 14(24), 11672–11680 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Qin, A. W. Lee, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Express 15(1), 113–128 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Schubert and F. Rana, “Analysis of Terahertz Surface Emitting Quantum-Cascade Lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(3), 257–265 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Finite size effects in surface emitting Terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6703–6709 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, J. Faist, B. Witzigmann, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Vertically emitting microdisk lasers,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 46–49 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, S. Schartner, L. K. Hoffmann, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Grating-coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineults, S. Barbieri, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Predictable surface emission patterns in terahertz photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9491–9502 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Scalari, M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, C. Walther, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Step well quantum cascade laser emitting at 3 THz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(4), 041114 (2009). [CrossRef]
Adam, A. J. L.
Amanti, M. I.
Apostolopoulos, V.
Barbieri, S.
Baryshev, A.
Baselmans, J. J. A.
Beck, M.
Beere, H.
Beere, H. E.
Belkin, M. A.
Beltram, F.
Callebaut, H.
Capasso, F.
Chassagneux, Y.
Colombelli, R.
Davies, A. G.
Demichel, O.
Dunbar, L. A.
Faist, J.
Fan, J. A.
Fischer, M.
Freeman, J. R.
Gao, J. R.
Giovannini, M.
Green, R.
Hajenius, M.
Hoffmann, L. K.
Houdré, R.
Hovenier, J. N.
Hu, Q.
Hübers, H.-W.
Iotti, R. C.
Khanna, S.
Khanna, S. P.
Klaassen, T. O.
Klapwijk, T. M.
Köhler, R.
Kumar, S.
Lachab, M.
Lee, A. W.
Lee, A. W. M.
Linfield, E.
Linfield, E. H.
Losco, T.
Mahler, L.
Maineult, W.
Maineults, W.
Marshall, O. P.
Masselink, W. T.
Mauro, C.
Mujagic, E.
Nobile, M.
Pavlov, S.
Pavlov, S. G.
Qin, Q.
Rana, F.
Reno, J.
Reno, J. L.
Richter, H.
Ritchie, D.
Ritchie, D. A.
Rossi, F.
Rungsawang, R.
Scalari, G.
Schartner, S.
Schrenk, W.
Schubert, M.
Semenov, A.
Semenov, A. D.
Semtsiv, M. P.
Sirigu, L.
Strasser, G.
Tamošinuas, V.
Terazzi, R.
Tredicucci, A.
Walther, C.
Wei Min Lee, A.
Wienold, M.
Williams, B. S.
Witzigmann, B.
Xu, J.
Yang, Z. Q.
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. Scalari, M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, C. Walther, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Step well quantum cascade laser emitting at 3 THz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(4), 041114 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Sirigu, R. Terazzi, M. I. Amanti, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, L. A. Dunbar, and R. Houdré, “Terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on two-dimensional photonic crystal resonators,” Opt. Express 16(8), 5206–5217 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, C. Walther, G. Scalari, and J. Faist, “Horn antennas for terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett. 43(10), 573–574 (2007). [CrossRef]
- O. P. Marshall, V. Apostolopoulos, J. R. Freeman, R. Rungsawang, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Surface-emitting photonic crystal terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(17), 171112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineults, S. Barbieri, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Predictable surface emission patterns in terahertz photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9491–9502 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. Scalari, M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, C. Walther, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Step well quantum cascade laser emitting at 3 THz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(4), 041114 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Finite size effects in surface emitting Terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6703–6709 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, J. Faist, B. Witzigmann, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Vertically emitting microdisk lasers,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 46–49 (2008). [CrossRef]
- O. P. Marshall, V. Apostolopoulos, J. R. Freeman, R. Rungsawang, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Surface-emitting photonic crystal terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(17), 171112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- O. Demichel, L. Mahler, T. Losco, C. Mauro, R. Green, A. Tredicucci, J. Xu, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and V. Tamošinuas, “Surface plasmon photonic structures in terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 14(12), 5335–5345 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(6), 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature 417(6885), 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Finite size effects in surface emitting Terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6703–6709 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, J. Faist, B. Witzigmann, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Vertically emitting microdisk lasers,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 46–49 (2008). [CrossRef]
- O. Demichel, L. Mahler, T. Losco, C. Mauro, R. Green, A. Tredicucci, J. Xu, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and V. Tamošinuas, “Surface plasmon photonic structures in terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 14(12), 5335–5345 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature 417(6885), 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz quantum-cascade laser at λ ≈ 100 µm using metal waveguide for mode confinement,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2124–2126 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineults, S. Barbieri, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Predictable surface emission patterns in terahertz photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9491–9502 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineults, S. Barbieri, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Predictable surface emission patterns in terahertz photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9491–9502 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineults, S. Barbieri, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Predictable surface emission patterns in terahertz photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9491–9502 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Fan, M. A. Belkin, F. Capasso, S. Khanna, M. Lachab, A. G. Davies, and E. H. Linfield, “Surface emitting terahertz quantum cascade laser with a double-metal waveguide,” Opt. Express 14(24), 11672–11680 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature 417(6885), 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Scalari, M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, C. Walther, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Step well quantum cascade laser emitting at 3 THz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(4), 041114 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, J. Faist, B. Witzigmann, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Vertically emitting microdisk lasers,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 46–49 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Sirigu, R. Terazzi, M. I. Amanti, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, L. A. Dunbar, and R. Houdré, “Terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on two-dimensional photonic crystal resonators,” Opt. Express 16(8), 5206–5217 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, C. Walther, G. Scalari, and J. Faist, “Horn antennas for terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett. 43(10), 573–574 (2007). [CrossRef]
- G. Scalari, M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, C. Walther, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Step well quantum cascade laser emitting at 3 THz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(4), 041114 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, C. Walther, G. Scalari, and J. Faist, “Horn antennas for terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett. 43(10), 573–574 (2007). [CrossRef]
- O. P. Marshall, V. Apostolopoulos, J. R. Freeman, R. Rungsawang, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Surface-emitting photonic crystal terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(17), 171112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, S. Schartner, L. K. Hoffmann, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Grating-coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. Reno, “186 K operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers based on a diagonal design,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 131105 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Wei Min Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “High-power and high-temperature THz quantum-cascade lasers based on lens-coupled metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2840–2842 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Qin, A. W. Lee, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Express 15(1), 113–128 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. W. M. Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Real-time terahertz imaging over a standoff distance (>25 meters),” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz quantum-cascade laser at λ ≈ 100 µm using metal waveguide for mode confinement,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2124–2126 (2003). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(6), 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. Pavlov, A. Semenov, R. Köhler, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and E. Linfield, “Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5890–5896 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature 417(6885), 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineults, S. Barbieri, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Predictable surface emission patterns in terahertz photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9491–9502 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. Pavlov, A. Semenov, R. Köhler, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and E. Linfield, “Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5890–5896 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature 417(6885), 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. Reno, “186 K operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers based on a diagonal design,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 131105 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Kumar and A. W. M. Lee, “Resonant-phonon terahertz quantum-cascade lasers and video-rate terahertz imaging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14(2), 333–344 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Wei Min Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “High-power and high-temperature THz quantum-cascade lasers based on lens-coupled metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2840–2842 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Qin, A. W. Lee, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Express 15(1), 113–128 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. W. M. Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Real-time terahertz imaging over a standoff distance (>25 meters),” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz quantum-cascade laser at λ ≈ 100 µm using metal waveguide for mode confinement,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2124–2126 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Kumar and A. W. M. Lee, “Resonant-phonon terahertz quantum-cascade lasers and video-rate terahertz imaging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14(2), 333–344 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. W. M. Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Real-time terahertz imaging over a standoff distance (>25 meters),” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineults, S. Barbieri, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Predictable surface emission patterns in terahertz photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9491–9502 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Fan, M. A. Belkin, F. Capasso, S. Khanna, M. Lachab, A. G. Davies, and E. H. Linfield, “Surface emitting terahertz quantum cascade laser with a double-metal waveguide,” Opt. Express 14(24), 11672–11680 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature 417(6885), 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Finite size effects in surface emitting Terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6703–6709 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, J. Faist, B. Witzigmann, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Vertically emitting microdisk lasers,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 46–49 (2008). [CrossRef]
- O. Demichel, L. Mahler, T. Losco, C. Mauro, R. Green, A. Tredicucci, J. Xu, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and V. Tamošinuas, “Surface plasmon photonic structures in terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 14(12), 5335–5345 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(6), 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. Pavlov, A. Semenov, R. Köhler, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and E. Linfield, “Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5890–5896 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. P. Marshall, V. Apostolopoulos, J. R. Freeman, R. Rungsawang, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Surface-emitting photonic crystal terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(17), 171112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, S. Schartner, L. K. Hoffmann, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Grating-coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, S. Schartner, L. K. Hoffmann, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Grating-coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(6), 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Wei Min Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “High-power and high-temperature THz quantum-cascade lasers based on lens-coupled metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2840–2842 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Qin, A. W. Lee, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Express 15(1), 113–128 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. W. M. Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Real-time terahertz imaging over a standoff distance (>25 meters),” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Schubert and F. Rana, “Analysis of Terahertz Surface Emitting Quantum-Cascade Lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(3), 257–265 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. Reno, “186 K operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers based on a diagonal design,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(13), 131105 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Wei Min Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “High-power and high-temperature THz quantum-cascade lasers based on lens-coupled metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2840–2842 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Qin, A. W. Lee, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Express 15(1), 113–128 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. W. M. Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Real-time terahertz imaging over a standoff distance (>25 meters),” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz quantum-cascade laser at λ ≈ 100 µm using metal waveguide for mode confinement,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2124–2126 (2003). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(6), 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Finite size effects in surface emitting Terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6703–6709 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. P. Marshall, V. Apostolopoulos, J. R. Freeman, R. Rungsawang, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Surface-emitting photonic crystal terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(17), 171112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, J. Faist, B. Witzigmann, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Vertically emitting microdisk lasers,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 46–49 (2008). [CrossRef]
- O. Demichel, L. Mahler, T. Losco, C. Mauro, R. Green, A. Tredicucci, J. Xu, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and V. Tamošinuas, “Surface plasmon photonic structures in terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 14(12), 5335–5345 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(6), 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature 417(6885), 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature 417(6885), 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. P. Marshall, V. Apostolopoulos, J. R. Freeman, R. Rungsawang, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Surface-emitting photonic crystal terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(17), 171112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. Scalari, M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, C. Walther, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Step well quantum cascade laser emitting at 3 THz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(4), 041114 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, C. Walther, G. Scalari, and J. Faist, “Horn antennas for terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett. 43(10), 573–574 (2007). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, S. Schartner, L. K. Hoffmann, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Grating-coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, S. Schartner, L. K. Hoffmann, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Grating-coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. Schubert and F. Rana, “Analysis of Terahertz Surface Emitting Quantum-Cascade Lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(3), 257–265 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(6), 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, S. Schartner, L. K. Hoffmann, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Grating-coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, S. Schartner, L. K. Hoffmann, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Grating-coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. Scalari, M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, C. Walther, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Step well quantum cascade laser emitting at 3 THz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(4), 041114 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Sirigu, R. Terazzi, M. I. Amanti, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, L. A. Dunbar, and R. Houdré, “Terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on two-dimensional photonic crystal resonators,” Opt. Express 16(8), 5206–5217 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Finite size effects in surface emitting Terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6703–6709 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, J. Faist, B. Witzigmann, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Vertically emitting microdisk lasers,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 46–49 (2008). [CrossRef]
- O. Demichel, L. Mahler, T. Losco, C. Mauro, R. Green, A. Tredicucci, J. Xu, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, and V. Tamošinuas, “Surface plasmon photonic structures in terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 14(12), 5335–5345 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(6), 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H.-W. Hübers, S. Pavlov, A. Semenov, R. Köhler, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. Beere, D. Ritchie, and E. Linfield, “Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5890–5896 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Köhler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, and F. Rossi, “Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser,” Nature 417(6885), 156–159 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Finite size effects in surface emitting Terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6703–6709 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Scalari, M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, C. Walther, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Step well quantum cascade laser emitting at 3 THz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(4), 041114 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, J. Faist, B. Witzigmann, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Vertically emitting microdisk lasers,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 46–49 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, C. Walther, G. Scalari, and J. Faist, “Horn antennas for terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett. 43(10), 573–574 (2007). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, S. Schartner, L. K. Hoffmann, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Grating-coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Qin, A. W. Lee, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Surface-emitting distributed feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers in metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Express 15(1), 113–128 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Wei Min Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “High-power and high-temperature THz quantum-cascade lasers based on lens-coupled metal-metal waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2840–2842 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. S. Williams, “Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers,” Nat. Photonics 1(9), 517–525 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. W. M. Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Real-time terahertz imaging over a standoff distance (>25 meters),” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz quantum-cascade laser at λ ≈ 100 µm using metal waveguide for mode confinement,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2124–2126 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, J. Faist, B. Witzigmann, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Vertically emitting microdisk lasers,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 46–49 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. R. Gao, J. N. Hovenier, Z. Q. Yang, J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, M. Hajenius, T. M. Klapwijk, A. J. L. Adam, T. O. Klaassen, B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(24), 244104 (2005). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- H.-W. Hübers, S. G. Pavlov, H. Richter, A. D. Semenov, L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “High-resolution gas phase spectroscopy with a distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(6), 061115 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. W. M. Lee, Q. Qin, S. Kumar, B. S. Williams, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Real-time terahertz imaging over a standoff distance (>25 meters),” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz quantum-cascade laser at λ ≈ 100 µm using metal waveguide for mode confinement,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2124–2126 (2003). [CrossRef]
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Electron. Lett.
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IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
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Nat. Photonics
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Nature
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Opt. Express
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Opt. Lett.
2009, Kumar, Appl. Phys. Lett.
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- Y. Chassagneux, R. Colombelli, W. Maineult, S. Barbieri, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie, S. P. Khanna, E. H. Linfield, and A. G. Davies, “Electrically pumped photonic-crystal terahertz lasers controlled by boundary conditions,” Nature 457(7226), 174–178 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Scalari, M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, R. Terazzi, C. Walther, M. Beck, and J. Faist, “Step well quantum cascade laser emitting at 3 THz,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(4), 041114 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Mahler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, C. Walther, J. Faist, B. Witzigmann, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Vertically emitting microdisk lasers,” Nat. Photonics 3(1), 46–49 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, S. Schartner, L. K. Hoffmann, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Grating-coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011108 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser, “Low divergence single-mode surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 161101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- O. P. Marshall, V. Apostolopoulos, J. R. Freeman, R. Rungsawang, H. E. Beere, and D. A. Ritchie, “Surface-emitting photonic crystal terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(17), 171112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Kumar and A. W. M. Lee, “Resonant-phonon terahertz quantum-cascade lasers and video-rate terahertz imaging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14(2), 333–344 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. I. Amanti, M. Fischer, C. Walther, G. Scalari, and J. Faist, “Horn antennas for terahertz quantum cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett. 43(10), 573–574 (2007). [CrossRef]
- B. S. Williams, “Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers,” Nat. Photonics 1(9), 517–525 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Schubert and F. Rana, “Analysis of Terahertz Surface Emitting Quantum-Cascade Lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(3), 257–265 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, H. Callebaut, Q. Hu, and J. L. Reno, “Terahertz quantum-cascade laser at λ ≈ 100 µm using metal waveguide for mode confinement,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2124–2126 (2003). [CrossRef]
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