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A phase-stabilized carbon nanotube fiber laser frequency comb
Jinkang Lim, Kevin Knabe, Karl A. Tillman, William Neely, Yishan Wang, Rodrigo Amezcua-Correa, François Couny, Philip S. Light, Fetah Benabid, Jonathan C. Knight, Kristan L. Corwin, Jeffrey W. Nicholson, and Brian R. Washburn »View Author Affiliations
1116 Cardwell Hall, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
2State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, PRC
3Centre for Photonics and Photonics Materials, Dept. of Physics, University of Bath, BA2, 7AY, UK
4OFS Labs, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA
Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 16, pp. 14115-14120 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.014115
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Abstract
A frequency comb generated by a 167 MHz repetition frequency erbium-doped fiber ring laser using a carbon nanotube saturable absorber is phase-stabilized for the first time. Measurements of the in-loop phase noise show an integrated phase error on the carrier envelope offset frequency of 0.35 radians. The carbon nanotube fiber laser comb is compared with a CW laser near 1533 nm stabilized to the ν1 + ν3 overtone transition in an acetylene-filled kagome photonic crystal fiber reference, while the CW laser is simultaneously compared to another frequency comb based on a Cr:Forsterite laser. These measurements demonstrate that the stability of a GPS-disciplined Rb clock is transferred to the comb, resulting in an upper limit on the locked comb’s frequency instability of 1.2 × 10-11 in 1 s, and a relative instability of <3 × 10-12 in 1 s. The carbon nanotube laser frequency comb offers much promise as a robust and inexpensive all-fiber frequency comb with potential for scaling to higher repetition frequencies.
© 2009 OSA
OCIS Codes
(120.3930) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Metrological instrumentation
(320.7090) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast lasers
(060.5295) Fiber optics and optical communications : Photonic crystal fibers
ToC Category:
Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology
History
Original Manuscript: June 19, 2009
Revised Manuscript: July 24, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: July 26, 2009
Published: August 3, 2009
Citation
Jinkang Lim, Kevin Knabe, Karl A. Tillman, William Neely, Yishan Wang, Rodrigo Amezcua-Correa, François Couny, Philip S. Light, Fetah Benabid, Jonathan C. Knight, Kristan L. Corwin, Jeffrey W. Nicholson, and Brian R. Washburn, "A phase-stabilized carbon nanotube fiber laser frequency comb," Opt. Express 17, 14115-14120 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-16-14115
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- J. W. Nicholson and D. J. DiGiovanni, “High repetition frequency, low noise, fiber ring lasers modelocked with carbon nanotubes,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(24), 2123–2125 (2008). [CrossRef]
- I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Lorini, J. C. Bergquist, Y. Le Coq, C. W. Oates, Q. Quraishi, K. S. Feder, J. W. Nicholson, P. S. Westbrook, S. A. Diddams, and N. R. Newbury, “Coherent optical link over hundreds of metres and hundreds of terahertz with subfemtosecond timing jitter,” Nat. Photonics 1(5), 283–287 (2007). [CrossRef]
- W. C. Swann, J. J. McFerran, I. Coddington, N. R. Newbury, I. Hartl, M. E. Fermann, P. S. Westbrook, J. W. Nicholson, K. S. Feder, C. Langrock, and M. M. Fejer, “Fiber-laser frequency combs with subhertz relative linewidths,” Opt. Lett. 31(20), 3046–3048 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Washburn, S. A. Diddams, N. R. Newbury, J. W. Nicholson, M. F. Yan, and C. G. Jørgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29(3), 250–252 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. W. Nicholson, M. F. Yan, P. Wisk, J. Fleming, F. DiMarcello, E. Monberg, A. Yablon, C. G. Jørgensen, and T. Veng, “All-fiber, octave-spanning supercontinuum,” Opt. Lett. 28(8), 643–645 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.-S. Ma, Z. Bi, A. Bartels, L. Robertsson, M. Zucco, R. S. Windeler, G. Wilpers, C. Oates, L. Hollberg, and S. A. Diddams, “Optical frequency synthesis and comparison with uncertainty at the 10(-19) level,” Science 303(5665), 1843–1845 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Lorini, J. C. Bergquist, Y. Le Coq, C. W. Oates, Q. Quraishi, K. S. Feder, J. W. Nicholson, P. S. Westbrook, S. A. Diddams, and N. R. Newbury, “Coherent optical link over hundreds of metres and hundreds of terahertz with subfemtosecond timing jitter,” Nat. Photonics 1(5), 283–287 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. A. Diddams, Th. Udem, J. C. Bergquist, E. A. Curtis, R. E. Drullinger, L. Hollberg, W. M. Itano, W. D. Lee, C. W. Oates, K. R. Vogel, and D. J. Wineland, “An optical clock based on a single trapped 199Hg+ ion,” Science 293(5531), 825–828 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Rosenband, D. B. Hume, P. O. Schmidt, C. W. Chou, A. Brusch, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, R. E. Drullinger, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, W. C. Swann, N. R. Newbury, W. M. Itano, D. J. Wineland, and J. C. Bergquist, “Frequency ratio of Al+ and Hg+ single-ion optical clocks; metrology at the 17th decimal place,” Science 319(5871), 1808–1812 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. M. Fortier, N. Ashby, J. C. Bergquist, M. J. Delaney, S. A. Diddams, T. P. Heavner, L. Hollberg, W. M. Itano, S. R. Jefferts, K. Kim, F. Levi, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, T. E. Parker, J. Shirley, and J. E. Stalnaker, “Precision atomic spectroscopy for improved limits on variation of the fine structure constant and local position invariance,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(7), 070801 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. M. Fortier, N. Ashby, J. C. Bergquist, M. J. Delaney, S. A. Diddams, T. P. Heavner, L. Hollberg, W. M. Itano, S. R. Jefferts, K. Kim, F. Levi, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, T. E. Parker, J. Shirley, and J. E. Stalnaker, “Precision atomic spectroscopy for improved limits on variation of the fine structure constant and local position invariance,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(7), 070801 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, C. Araujo-Hauck, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, L. Pasquini, A. Manescau, S. D’Odorico, M. T. Murphy, T. Kentischer, W. Schmidt, and T. Udem, “Laser frequency combs for astronomical observations,” Science 321(5894), 1335–1337 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, Z. Sun, V. Scardaci, R. V. Penty, I. H. White, and A. C. Ferrari, “Fabrication, characterization, and mode locking application of single-walled carbon nanotube/polymer composite saturable absorbers,” Int. J. Mater. Form. 1(2), 107–112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. J. S. de Matos, S. V. Popov, A. B. Rulkov, J. R. Taylor, J. Broeng, T. P. Hansen, and V. P. Gapontsev, “All-fiber format compression of frequency chirped pulses in air-guiding photonic crystal fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(10), 103901 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Lorini, J. C. Bergquist, Y. Le Coq, C. W. Oates, Q. Quraishi, K. S. Feder, J. W. Nicholson, P. S. Westbrook, S. A. Diddams, and N. R. Newbury, “Coherent optical link over hundreds of metres and hundreds of terahertz with subfemtosecond timing jitter,” Nat. Photonics 1(5), 283–287 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288(5466), 635–640 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.-S. Ma, Z. Bi, A. Bartels, L. Robertsson, M. Zucco, R. S. Windeler, G. Wilpers, C. Oates, L. Hollberg, and S. A. Diddams, “Optical frequency synthesis and comparison with uncertainty at the 10(-19) level,” Science 303(5665), 1843–1845 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Rosenband, D. B. Hume, P. O. Schmidt, C. W. Chou, A. Brusch, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, R. E. Drullinger, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, W. C. Swann, N. R. Newbury, W. M. Itano, D. J. Wineland, and J. C. Bergquist, “Frequency ratio of Al+ and Hg+ single-ion optical clocks; metrology at the 17th decimal place,” Science 319(5871), 1808–1812 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, Z. Sun, V. Scardaci, R. V. Penty, I. H. White, and A. C. Ferrari, “Fabrication, characterization, and mode locking application of single-walled carbon nanotube/polymer composite saturable absorbers,” Int. J. Mater. Form. 1(2), 107–112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. J. S. de Matos, S. V. Popov, A. B. Rulkov, J. R. Taylor, J. Broeng, T. P. Hansen, and V. P. Gapontsev, “All-fiber format compression of frequency chirped pulses in air-guiding photonic crystal fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(10), 103901 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Thorpe, K. D. Moll, R. J. Jones, B. Safdi, and J. Ye, “Broadband cavity ringdown spectroscopy for sensitive and rapid molecular detection,” Science 311(5767), 1595–1599 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, Z. Sun, V. Scardaci, R. V. Penty, I. H. White, and A. C. Ferrari, “Fabrication, characterization, and mode locking application of single-walled carbon nanotube/polymer composite saturable absorbers,” Int. J. Mater. Form. 1(2), 107–112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. Rosenband, D. B. Hume, P. O. Schmidt, C. W. Chou, A. Brusch, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, R. E. Drullinger, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, W. C. Swann, N. R. Newbury, W. M. Itano, D. J. Wineland, and J. C. Bergquist, “Frequency ratio of Al+ and Hg+ single-ion optical clocks; metrology at the 17th decimal place,” Science 319(5871), 1808–1812 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, C. Araujo-Hauck, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, L. Pasquini, A. Manescau, S. D’Odorico, M. T. Murphy, T. Kentischer, W. Schmidt, and T. Udem, “Laser frequency combs for astronomical observations,” Science 321(5894), 1335–1337 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Y. Set, H. Yaguchi, Y. Tanaka, and M. Jablonski, “Ultrafast fiber pulsed lasers incorporating carbon nanotubes,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(1), 137–146 (2004). [CrossRef]
- T. M. Fortier, N. Ashby, J. C. Bergquist, M. J. Delaney, S. A. Diddams, T. P. Heavner, L. Hollberg, W. M. Itano, S. R. Jefferts, K. Kim, F. Levi, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, T. E. Parker, J. Shirley, and J. E. Stalnaker, “Precision atomic spectroscopy for improved limits on variation of the fine structure constant and local position invariance,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(7), 070801 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Rosenband, D. B. Hume, P. O. Schmidt, C. W. Chou, A. Brusch, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, R. E. Drullinger, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, W. C. Swann, N. R. Newbury, W. M. Itano, D. J. Wineland, and J. C. Bergquist, “Frequency ratio of Al+ and Hg+ single-ion optical clocks; metrology at the 17th decimal place,” Science 319(5871), 1808–1812 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. M. Fortier, N. Ashby, J. C. Bergquist, M. J. Delaney, S. A. Diddams, T. P. Heavner, L. Hollberg, W. M. Itano, S. R. Jefferts, K. Kim, F. Levi, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, T. E. Parker, J. Shirley, and J. E. Stalnaker, “Precision atomic spectroscopy for improved limits on variation of the fine structure constant and local position invariance,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(7), 070801 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, C. Araujo-Hauck, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, L. Pasquini, A. Manescau, S. D’Odorico, M. T. Murphy, T. Kentischer, W. Schmidt, and T. Udem, “Laser frequency combs for astronomical observations,” Science 321(5894), 1335–1337 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288(5466), 635–640 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, Z. Sun, V. Scardaci, R. V. Penty, I. H. White, and A. C. Ferrari, “Fabrication, characterization, and mode locking application of single-walled carbon nanotube/polymer composite saturable absorbers,” Int. J. Mater. Form. 1(2), 107–112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. Rosenband, D. B. Hume, P. O. Schmidt, C. W. Chou, A. Brusch, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, R. E. Drullinger, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, W. C. Swann, N. R. Newbury, W. M. Itano, D. J. Wineland, and J. C. Bergquist, “Frequency ratio of Al+ and Hg+ single-ion optical clocks; metrology at the 17th decimal place,” Science 319(5871), 1808–1812 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Lorini, J. C. Bergquist, Y. Le Coq, C. W. Oates, Q. Quraishi, K. S. Feder, J. W. Nicholson, P. S. Westbrook, S. A. Diddams, and N. R. Newbury, “Coherent optical link over hundreds of metres and hundreds of terahertz with subfemtosecond timing jitter,” Nat. Photonics 1(5), 283–287 (2007). [CrossRef]
- N. R. Newbury and W. C. Swann, “Low-noise fiber laser frequency combs,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(8), 1756–1770 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. J. McFerran, W. C. Swann, B. R. Washburn, and N. R. Newbury, “Suppression of pump-induced frequency noise in fiber-laser frequency combs leading to sub-radian fceo phase excursions,” Appl. Phys. B 86(2), 219–227 (2007). [CrossRef]
- W. C. Swann, J. J. McFerran, I. Coddington, N. R. Newbury, I. Hartl, M. E. Fermann, P. S. Westbrook, J. W. Nicholson, K. S. Feder, C. Langrock, and M. M. Fejer, “Fiber-laser frequency combs with subhertz relative linewidths,” Opt. Lett. 31(20), 3046–3048 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Washburn, W. C. Swann, and N. R. Newbury, “Response dynamics of the frequency comb output from a femtosecond fiber laser,” Opt. Express 13(26), 10622–10633 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-26-10622 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Blatt, A. D. Ludlow, G. K. Campbell, J. W. Thomsen, T. Zelevinsky, M. M. Boyd, J. Ye, X. Baillard, M. Fouché, R. Le Targat, A. Brusch, P. Lemonde, M. Takamoto, F.-L. Hong, H. Katori, and V. V. Flambaum, “New limits on coupling fundamental constants to gravity using 87Sr optical lattice clocks,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(14), 140801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Y. Set, H. Yaguchi, Y. Tanaka, and M. Jablonski, “Ultrafast fiber pulsed lasers incorporating carbon nanotubes,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(1), 137–146 (2004). [CrossRef]
- F. Tauser, A. Leitenstorfer, and W. Zinth, “Amplified femtosecond pulses from an Er:fiber system: Nonlinear pulse shortening and selfreferencing detection of the carrier-envelope phase evolution,” Opt. Express 11(6), 594–600 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-6-594 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. J. S. de Matos, S. V. Popov, A. B. Rulkov, J. R. Taylor, J. Broeng, T. P. Hansen, and V. P. Gapontsev, “All-fiber format compression of frequency chirped pulses in air-guiding photonic crystal fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(10), 103901 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Blatt, A. D. Ludlow, G. K. Campbell, J. W. Thomsen, T. Zelevinsky, M. M. Boyd, J. Ye, X. Baillard, M. Fouché, R. Le Targat, A. Brusch, P. Lemonde, M. Takamoto, F.-L. Hong, H. Katori, and V. V. Flambaum, “New limits on coupling fundamental constants to gravity using 87Sr optical lattice clocks,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(14), 140801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Thorpe, K. D. Moll, R. J. Jones, B. Safdi, and J. Ye, “Broadband cavity ringdown spectroscopy for sensitive and rapid molecular detection,” Science 311(5767), 1595–1599 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, C. Araujo-Hauck, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, L. Pasquini, A. Manescau, S. D’Odorico, M. T. Murphy, T. Kentischer, W. Schmidt, and T. Udem, “Laser frequency combs for astronomical observations,” Science 321(5894), 1335–1337 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. W. Hänsch, J. Alnis, P. Fendel, M. Fischer, C. Gohle, M. Herrmann, R. Holzwarth, N. Kolachevsky, Th. Udem, and M. Zimmermann, “Precision spectroscopy of hydrogen and femtosecond laser frequency combs,” Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci 363(1834), 2155–2163 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Diddams, Th. Udem, J. C. Bergquist, E. A. Curtis, R. E. Drullinger, L. Hollberg, W. M. Itano, W. D. Lee, C. W. Oates, K. R. Vogel, and D. J. Wineland, “An optical clock based on a single trapped 199Hg+ ion,” Science 293(5531), 825–828 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Diddams, Th. Udem, J. C. Bergquist, E. A. Curtis, R. E. Drullinger, L. Hollberg, W. M. Itano, W. D. Lee, C. W. Oates, K. R. Vogel, and D. J. Wineland, “An optical clock based on a single trapped 199Hg+ ion,” Science 293(5531), 825–828 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, Z. Sun, V. Scardaci, R. V. Penty, I. H. White, and A. C. Ferrari, “Fabrication, characterization, and mode locking application of single-walled carbon nanotube/polymer composite saturable absorbers,” Int. J. Mater. Form. 1(2), 107–112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. J. McFerran, W. C. Swann, B. R. Washburn, and N. R. Newbury, “Suppression of pump-induced frequency noise in fiber-laser frequency combs leading to sub-radian fceo phase excursions,” Appl. Phys. B 86(2), 219–227 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Thapa, K. Knabe, K. L. Corwin, and B. R. Washburn, “Arc fusion splicing of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers for gas-filled fiber cells,” Opt. Express 14(21), 9576–9583 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-21-9576 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Washburn, W. C. Swann, and N. R. Newbury, “Response dynamics of the frequency comb output from a femtosecond fiber laser,” Opt. Express 13(26), 10622–10633 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-26-10622 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Washburn, S. A. Diddams, N. R. Newbury, J. W. Nicholson, M. F. Yan, and C. G. Jørgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29(3), 250–252 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Coddington, W. C. Swann, L. Lorini, J. C. Bergquist, Y. Le Coq, C. W. Oates, Q. Quraishi, K. S. Feder, J. W. Nicholson, P. S. Westbrook, S. A. Diddams, and N. R. Newbury, “Coherent optical link over hundreds of metres and hundreds of terahertz with subfemtosecond timing jitter,” Nat. Photonics 1(5), 283–287 (2007). [CrossRef]
- W. C. Swann, J. J. McFerran, I. Coddington, N. R. Newbury, I. Hartl, M. E. Fermann, P. S. Westbrook, J. W. Nicholson, K. S. Feder, C. Langrock, and M. M. Fejer, “Fiber-laser frequency combs with subhertz relative linewidths,” Opt. Lett. 31(20), 3046–3048 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Wang, A. G. Rozhin, Z. Sun, V. Scardaci, R. V. Penty, I. H. White, and A. C. Ferrari, “Fabrication, characterization, and mode locking application of single-walled carbon nanotube/polymer composite saturable absorbers,” Int. J. Mater. Form. 1(2), 107–112 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, C. Araujo-Hauck, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, L. Pasquini, A. Manescau, S. D’Odorico, M. T. Murphy, T. Kentischer, W. Schmidt, and T. Udem, “Laser frequency combs for astronomical observations,” Science 321(5894), 1335–1337 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.-S. Ma, Z. Bi, A. Bartels, L. Robertsson, M. Zucco, R. S. Windeler, G. Wilpers, C. Oates, L. Hollberg, and S. A. Diddams, “Optical frequency synthesis and comparison with uncertainty at the 10(-19) level,” Science 303(5665), 1843–1845 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.-S. Ma, Z. Bi, A. Bartels, L. Robertsson, M. Zucco, R. S. Windeler, G. Wilpers, C. Oates, L. Hollberg, and S. A. Diddams, “Optical frequency synthesis and comparison with uncertainty at the 10(-19) level,” Science 303(5665), 1843–1845 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288(5466), 635–640 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Rosenband, D. B. Hume, P. O. Schmidt, C. W. Chou, A. Brusch, L. Lorini, W. H. Oskay, R. E. Drullinger, T. M. Fortier, J. E. Stalnaker, S. A. Diddams, W. C. Swann, N. R. Newbury, W. M. Itano, D. J. Wineland, and J. C. Bergquist, “Frequency ratio of Al+ and Hg+ single-ion optical clocks; metrology at the 17th decimal place,” Science 319(5871), 1808–1812 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Diddams, Th. Udem, J. C. Bergquist, E. A. Curtis, R. E. Drullinger, L. Hollberg, W. M. Itano, W. D. Lee, C. W. Oates, K. R. Vogel, and D. J. Wineland, “An optical clock based on a single trapped 199Hg+ ion,” Science 293(5531), 825–828 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Ö. Ilday, J. R. Buckley, W. G. Clark, and F. W. Wise, “Self-similar evolution of parabolic pulses in a laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(21), 213902 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- B. R. Washburn, S. A. Diddams, N. R. Newbury, J. W. Nicholson, M. F. Yan, and C. G. Jørgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29(3), 250–252 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. W. Nicholson, M. F. Yan, P. Wisk, J. Fleming, F. DiMarcello, E. Monberg, A. Yablon, C. G. Jørgensen, and T. Veng, “All-fiber, octave-spanning supercontinuum,” Opt. Lett. 28(8), 643–645 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Blatt, A. D. Ludlow, G. K. Campbell, J. W. Thomsen, T. Zelevinsky, M. M. Boyd, J. Ye, X. Baillard, M. Fouché, R. Le Targat, A. Brusch, P. Lemonde, M. Takamoto, F.-L. Hong, H. Katori, and V. V. Flambaum, “New limits on coupling fundamental constants to gravity using 87Sr optical lattice clocks,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(14), 140801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Thorpe, K. D. Moll, R. J. Jones, B. Safdi, and J. Ye, “Broadband cavity ringdown spectroscopy for sensitive and rapid molecular detection,” Science 311(5767), 1595–1599 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Blatt, A. D. Ludlow, G. K. Campbell, J. W. Thomsen, T. Zelevinsky, M. M. Boyd, J. Ye, X. Baillard, M. Fouché, R. Le Targat, A. Brusch, P. Lemonde, M. Takamoto, F.-L. Hong, H. Katori, and V. V. Flambaum, “New limits on coupling fundamental constants to gravity using 87Sr optical lattice clocks,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(14), 140801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. W. Hänsch, J. Alnis, P. Fendel, M. Fischer, C. Gohle, M. Herrmann, R. Holzwarth, N. Kolachevsky, Th. Udem, and M. Zimmermann, “Precision spectroscopy of hydrogen and femtosecond laser frequency combs,” Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci 363(1834), 2155–2163 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Tauser, A. Leitenstorfer, and W. Zinth, “Amplified femtosecond pulses from an Er:fiber system: Nonlinear pulse shortening and selfreferencing detection of the carrier-envelope phase evolution,” Opt. Express 11(6), 594–600 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-6-594 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.-S. Ma, Z. Bi, A. Bartels, L. Robertsson, M. Zucco, R. S. Windeler, G. Wilpers, C. Oates, L. Hollberg, and S. A. Diddams, “Optical frequency synthesis and comparison with uncertainty at the 10(-19) level,” Science 303(5665), 1843–1845 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. B
- J. J. McFerran, W. C. Swann, B. R. Washburn, and N. R. Newbury, “Suppression of pump-induced frequency noise in fiber-laser frequency combs leading to sub-radian fceo phase excursions,” Appl. Phys. B 86(2), 219–227 (2007). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- S. Y. Set, H. Yaguchi, Y. Tanaka, and M. Jablonski, “Ultrafast fiber pulsed lasers incorporating carbon nanotubes,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(1), 137–146 (2004). [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
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