Room temperature electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from ZnO nanorod arrays on Si

doi:10.1364/OE.17.014426

Room temperature electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from ZnO nanorod arrays on Si

Xiangyang Ma, Jingwei Pan, Peiliang Chen, Dongsheng Li, Hui Zhang, Yang Yang, and Deren Yang »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 16, pp. 14426-14433 (2009)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.014426

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Abstract

We report the electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from ZnO nanorod arrays on Si. Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures in a form of Au/SiO₂/ZnO-nanorod-array were fabricated on Si. Such devices exhibit random lasing when the Au electrode is applied with a sufficiently high positive voltage. In this context, in the region adjacent to SiO₂/ZnO-nanorod-array interface, stimulated emission from ZnO occurs due to population inversion and, moreover, light is scattered by the nanorods and SiO₂ films. Therefore, random lasing proceeds due to optical gain achieved by the stimulated emission and multiple scattering.

OCIS Codes
(140.3610) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, ultraviolet
(290.5890) Scattering : Scattering, stimulated
(250.5960) Optoelectronics : Semiconductor lasers

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: June 18, 2009
Revised Manuscript: July 11, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: July 18, 2009
Published: July 31, 2009

Citation
Xiangyang Ma, Jingwei Pan, Peiliang Chen, Dongsheng Li, Hui Zhang, Yang Yang, and Deren Yang, "Room temperature electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from ZnO nanorod arrays on Si," Opt. Express 17, 14426-14433 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-16-14426

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References

Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshchikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
W. Wegscheider, L. N. Pfeiffer, M. M. Dignam, A. Pinczuk, K. W. West, S. L. McCall, and R. Hull, “Lasing from excitons in quantum wires,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 71(24), 4071–4074 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Z. K. Tang, M. Kawasaki, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and Y. Segawa, “Self-assembled ZnO nano-crystals and exciton lasing at room temperature,” J. Cryst. Growth 287(1), 169–179 (2006). [CrossRef]
M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science 292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. C. Johnson, K. P. Knutsen, H. Q. Yan, M. Law, Y. F. Zhang, P. D. Yang, and R. J. Saykally, “Ultrafast carrier dynamics in single ZnO naonowire and nanoribbon lasers,” Nano Lett. 4(2), 197–204 (2004). [CrossRef]
S. F. Yu, S. P. Lau, W. I. Park, and G.-C. Yi, “Random laser action in ZnO nanorod arrays embedded in ZnO epilayers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(17), 3241–3243 (2004). [CrossRef]
S. P. Lau, H. Y. Yang, S. F. Yu, H. D. Li, M. Tanemura, T. Okita, H. Hatano, and H. H. Hng, “Laser action in ZnO nanoneedles selectively grown on silicon and plastic substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(1), 013104 (2005). [CrossRef]
S. P. Lau, H. Y. Yang, S. F. Yu, C. Yuen, E. S. P. Leong, H. D. Li, and H. H. Hng, “Flexible ultraviolet random lasers based on nanoparticles,” Small 1(10), 956–959 (2005).
B. S. Zou, R. B. Liu, F. F. Wang, A. L. Pan, L. Cao, and Z. L. Wang, “Lasing mechanism of ZnO nanowires/nanobelts at room temperature,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110(26), 12865–12873 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Z. Liu, S. Lee, Y. H. Ahn, J. Y. Park, K. H. Koh, and K. H. Park, “Identification of dispersion-dependent hexagonal cavity modes of an individual ZnO nanonail,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(26), 263102 (2008). [CrossRef]
C. Czekalla, C. Sturm, R. Schmidt-Grund, B. Q. Cao, M. Lorenz, and M. Grundmann, “Whispering gallery mode lasing in Zinc oxide microwires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(24), 241102 (2008). [CrossRef]
D. Wang, H. W. Seo, C.-C. Tin, M. J. Bozack, J. R. Willams, M. Park, and Y. Tzeng, “Lasing in whispering gallery mode in ZnO nanonails,” J. Appl. Phys. 99(9), 093112 (2006). [CrossRef]
X. Ma, P. Chen, D. Li, Y. Zhang, and D. Yang, “Electrically pumped ZnO film ultraviolet random lasers on silicon substrate,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(25), 251109 (2007). [CrossRef]
P. Chen, X. Ma, D. Li, Y. Zhang, and D. Yang, “Electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from ZnO-based metal-insulator-semiconductor devices: dependence on carrier transport,” Opt. Express 17(6), 4712–4717 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Gottardo, S. Cavalieri, O. Yaroshchuk, and D. S. Wiersma, “Quasi-two-dimensional diffusive random laser action,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(26), 263901 (2004). [CrossRef]
A. B. Djurisić and Y. H. Leung, “Optical properties of ZnO nanostructures,” Small 2(8-9), 944–961 (2006).
D. S. Wiersma, “The physics and applications of random lasers,” Nat. Phys. 4(5), 359–367 (2008). [CrossRef]
S. Mujumdar, V. Türck, R. Torre, and D. S. Wiersma, “Chaotic behavior of a random laser with static disorder,” Phys. Rev. A 76(3), 033807 (2007). [CrossRef]
H. Cao, “Review on latest developments in random lasers with coherent feedback,” J. Phys. Math. Gen. 38(49), 10497–10535 (2005). [CrossRef]
H. Cao, Y. G. Zhao, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, Q. H. Wang, and R. P. H. Chang, “Random laser action in semiconductor powder,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(11), 2278–2281 (1999). [CrossRef]
V. M. Apalkov, M. E. Raikh, and B. Shapiro, “Random resonators and prelocalized modes in disordered dielectric films,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(1), 016802 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Mujumdar, M. Ricci, R. Torre, and D. S. Wiersma, “Amplified extended modes in random lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(5), 053903 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Ahn, Y. H.
Alivov, Y. I.
Apalkov, V. M.
Avrutin, V.
Bozack, M. J.
Cao, B. Q.
Cao, H.
Cao, L.
Cavalieri, S.
Chang, R. P. H.
Chen, P.
Cho, S.-J.
Czekalla, C.
Dignam, M. M.
Djurisic, A. B.
Dogan, S.
Feick, H.
Gottardo, S.
Grundmann, M.
Hatano, H.
Hng, H. H.
Ho, S. T.
Huang, M. H.
Hull, R.
Johnson, J. C.
Kawasaki, M.
Kind, H.
Knutsen, K. P.
Koh, K. H.
Koinuma, H.
Lau, S. P.
Law, M.
Lee, S.
Leong, E. S. P.
Leung, Y. H.
Li, D.
Li, H. D.
Liu, C.
Liu, J. Z.
Liu, R. B.
Lorenz, M.
Ma, X.
Mao, S.
McCall, S. L.
Morkoç, H.
Mujumdar, S.
Ohtomo, A.
Okita, T.
Özgür, Ü.
Pan, A. L.
Park, J. Y.
Park, K. H.
Park, M.
Park, W. I.
Pfeiffer, L. N.
Pinczuk, A.
Raikh, M. E.
Reshchikov, M. A.
Ricci, M.
Russo, R.
Saykally, R. J.
Schmidt-Grund, R.
Seelig, E. W.
Segawa, Y.
Seo, H. W.
Shapiro, B.
Sturm, C.
Tanemura, M.
Tang, Z. K.
Teke, A.
Tin, C.-C.
Torre, R.
Türck, V.
Tzeng, Y.
Wang, D.
Wang, F. F.
Wang, Q. H.
Wang, Z. L.
Weber, E.
Wegscheider, W.
West, K. W.
Wiersma, D. S.
Willams, J. R.
Wu, Y. Y.
Yan, H. Q.
Yang, D.
Yang, H. Y.
Yang, P. D.
Yaroshchuk, O.
Yi, G.-C.
Yu, S. F.
Yuen, C.
Zhang, Y.
Zhang, Y. F.
Zhao, Y. G.
Zou, B. S.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

S. F. Yu, S. P. Lau, W. I. Park, and G.-C. Yi, “Random laser action in ZnO nanorod arrays embedded in ZnO epilayers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(17), 3241–3243 (2004). [CrossRef]
S. P. Lau, H. Y. Yang, S. F. Yu, H. D. Li, M. Tanemura, T. Okita, H. Hatano, and H. H. Hng, “Laser action in ZnO nanoneedles selectively grown on silicon and plastic substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(1), 013104 (2005). [CrossRef]
X. Ma, P. Chen, D. Li, Y. Zhang, and D. Yang, “Electrically pumped ZnO film ultraviolet random lasers on silicon substrate,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(25), 251109 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Z. Liu, S. Lee, Y. H. Ahn, J. Y. Park, K. H. Koh, and K. H. Park, “Identification of dispersion-dependent hexagonal cavity modes of an individual ZnO nanonail,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(26), 263102 (2008). [CrossRef]
C. Czekalla, C. Sturm, R. Schmidt-Grund, B. Q. Cao, M. Lorenz, and M. Grundmann, “Whispering gallery mode lasing in Zinc oxide microwires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(24), 241102 (2008). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

D. Wang, H. W. Seo, C.-C. Tin, M. J. Bozack, J. R. Willams, M. Park, and Y. Tzeng, “Lasing in whispering gallery mode in ZnO nanonails,” J. Appl. Phys. 99(9), 093112 (2006). [CrossRef]
Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshchikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]

J. Cryst. Growth

Z. K. Tang, M. Kawasaki, A. Ohtomo, H. Koinuma, and Y. Segawa, “Self-assembled ZnO nano-crystals and exciton lasing at room temperature,” J. Cryst. Growth 287(1), 169–179 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem. B

B. S. Zou, R. B. Liu, F. F. Wang, A. L. Pan, L. Cao, and Z. L. Wang, “Lasing mechanism of ZnO nanowires/nanobelts at room temperature,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110(26), 12865–12873 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Phys. Math. Gen.

H. Cao, “Review on latest developments in random lasers with coherent feedback,” J. Phys. Math. Gen. 38(49), 10497–10535 (2005). [CrossRef]

Nano Lett.

J. C. Johnson, K. P. Knutsen, H. Q. Yan, M. Law, Y. F. Zhang, P. D. Yang, and R. J. Saykally, “Ultrafast carrier dynamics in single ZnO naonowire and nanoribbon lasers,” Nano Lett. 4(2), 197–204 (2004). [CrossRef]

Nat. Phys.

D. S. Wiersma, “The physics and applications of random lasers,” Nat. Phys. 4(5), 359–367 (2008). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

P. Chen, X. Ma, D. Li, Y. Zhang, and D. Yang, “Electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from ZnO-based metal-insulator-semiconductor devices: dependence on carrier transport,” Opt. Express 17(6), 4712–4717 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. A

S. Mujumdar, V. Türck, R. Torre, and D. S. Wiersma, “Chaotic behavior of a random laser with static disorder,” Phys. Rev. A 76(3), 033807 (2007). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

S. Gottardo, S. Cavalieri, O. Yaroshchuk, and D. S. Wiersma, “Quasi-two-dimensional diffusive random laser action,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(26), 263901 (2004). [CrossRef]
W. Wegscheider, L. N. Pfeiffer, M. M. Dignam, A. Pinczuk, K. W. West, S. L. McCall, and R. Hull, “Lasing from excitons in quantum wires,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 71(24), 4071–4074 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. Cao, Y. G. Zhao, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, Q. H. Wang, and R. P. H. Chang, “Random laser action in semiconductor powder,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(11), 2278–2281 (1999). [CrossRef]
V. M. Apalkov, M. E. Raikh, and B. Shapiro, “Random resonators and prelocalized modes in disordered dielectric films,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(1), 016802 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Mujumdar, M. Ricci, R. Torre, and D. S. Wiersma, “Amplified extended modes in random lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(5), 053903 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Science

M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science 292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Small

S. P. Lau, H. Y. Yang, S. F. Yu, C. Yuen, E. S. P. Leong, H. D. Li, and H. H. Hng, “Flexible ultraviolet random lasers based on nanoparticles,” Small 1(10), 956–959 (2005).
A. B. Djurisić and Y. H. Leung, “Optical properties of ZnO nanostructures,” Small 2(8-9), 944–961 (2006).

2009, Chen, Opt. Express
2008, Liu, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2008, Czekalla, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2008, Wiersma, Nat. Phys.
2007, Mujumdar, Phys. Rev. A
2007, Ma, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2006, Zou, J. Phys. Chem. B
2006, Wang, J. Appl. Phys.
2006, Tang, J. Cryst. Growth
2006, Djurisic, Small
2005, Özgür, J. Appl. Phys.
2005, Lau, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2005, Lau, Small
2005, Cao, J. Phys. Math. Gen.
2004, Johnson, Nano Lett.
2004, Yu, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2004, Gottardo, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2004, Mujumdar, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2002, Apalkov, Phys. Rev. Lett.
2001, Huang, Science
1999, Cao, Phys. Rev. Lett.
1993, Wegscheider, Phys. Rev. Lett.

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