Design of an efficient terahertz source using triply resonant nonlinear photonic crystal cavities
Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 22, pp. 20099-20108 doi:10.1364/OE.17.020099
» View Full Text: Acrobat PDF (295 KB)
- OCIS Codes:
- (230.4320) Optical devices : Nonlinear optical devices
- (190.4223) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear wave mixing
- (190.4975) Nonlinear optics : Parametric processes
Nonlinear Optics
Citation
Ian B. Burgess, Yinan Zhang, Murray W. McCutcheon, Alejandro W. Rodriguez, Jorge Bravo-Abad, Steven G. Johnson, and Marko Loncar, "Design of an efficient terahertz source
using triply resonant nonlinear
photonic crystal cavities," Opt. Express 17, 20099-20108 (2009)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-22-20099
Abstract
We propose a scheme for efficient cavity-enhanced nonlinear THz generation via difference-frequency generation (DFG) processes using a triply resonant system based on photonic crystal cavities. We show that high nonlinear overlap can be achieved by coupling a THz cavity to a doubly-resonant, dual-polarization near-infrared (e.g. telecom band) photonic-crystal nanobeam cavity, allowing the mixing of three mutually orthogonal fundamental cavity modes through a χ(2) nonlinearity. We demonstrate through coupled-mode theory that complete depletion of the pump frequency – i.e., quantum-limited conversion – is possible. We show that the output power at the point of optimal total conversion efficiency is adjustable by varying the mode quality (Q) factors.
© 2009 Optical Society of America
» View Full Text: Acrobat PDF (295 KB)
History
Original Manuscript: August 4, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: October 19, 2009
Revised Manuscript: October 15, 2009
Published: October 20, 2009
References
- R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics (Academic Press, 2003).
- M. A. Belkin, F. Capasso, A. Belyanin, D.L. Sivco, A. Y. Cho, D. C. Oakley, C. J. Vineis, G. W. Turner, "Terahertz quantum-cascade-laser source based on intracavity difference-frequency generation," Nature Photonics 1, 288-292 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Bieler, "THz generation from resonant excitation of semiconductor nanostructures: Investigation of secondorder nonlinear optical effects," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14, 458-469 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Andronico, J. Claudon, J. M Gerard, V. Berger, G. Leo, "Integrated terahertz source based on three-wave mixing of whispering-gallery modes," Opt. Lett. 33, 2416-2418 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. L. Vodopyanov, M. M. Fejer, X. Yu, J. S. Harris, Y. S. Lee, W. C. Hurlbut, V. G. Kozlov, D. Bliss, C. Lynch, "Terahertz-wave generation in quasi-phase-matched GaAs," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 141119 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. Imeshev, M. E. Fermann, K. L. Vodopyanov, M. M. Fejer, X. Yu, J. S. Harris, D. Bliss, C. Lynch, "High-power source of THz radiation based on orientation-patterned GaAs pumped by a fiber laser," Opt. Express 14, 4439-4444 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Hebling, A. G. Stepanov, G. Almassi, B. Bartal, J. Kuhl, "Tunable THz pulse generation by optical rectification of ultrashort laser pulses with tilted pulse fronts," Appl. Phys. B 78, 593-599 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Beard, G. M. Turner, and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, "Terahertz Spectroscopy," J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 7146-7159 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. van Exter, D. R. Grischkowsky, "Characterization of an Optoelectronic Terahertz Beam System," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 38, 1684-1691 (1990). [CrossRef]
- Q. Wu, M. Litz, X. C. Zhang, "Broadband detection capability of ZnTe electro-optic field detectors," Appl. Phys. Lett 68, 2924-2926 (1996). [CrossRef]
- Y. S. Lee, T. Meade, V. Perlin, H. Winful, T. B. Norris, A. Galvanauskas, "Generation of narrow-band terahertz radiation via optical rectification of femtosecond pulses in periodically poled lithium niobate," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2505-2507 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. E. Schaar, K. L. Vodopyanov, M. M. Fejer, "Intracavity terahertz-wave generation in a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator using quasi-phase-matched GaAs," Opt. Lett. 32, 1284-1286 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Kohler, A. Tredicucci, F. Beltram, H. E. Beere, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, D. A. Ritchie, R. C. Iotti, F. Rossi,"Terahertz semiconductor-heterostructure laser," Nature 417, 156-159 (2002). [CrossRef]
- B. S. Williams, S. Kumar, Q. Hu, J. L. Reno, "Operation of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers at 164 K in pulsed mode and at 117 K in continuous-wave mode," Opt. Express 13, 3331-3339 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Belkin, J. A. Fan, S. Hormoz, F. Capasso, S. P. Khanna, M. Lachab, A. G. Davies, E. H. Linfield, "Terahertz quantum cascade lasers with copper metal-metal waveguides operating up to 178 K," Opt. Express 16, 3242-3248 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. W. McCutcheon, J. F. Young, G. W. Reiger, D. Dalacu, S. Frederick, P. J. Poole, R. L. Williams "Experimental demonstration of second-order processes in photonic crystal microcavities at submilliwatt excitation powers," Phys. Rev. B 76, 245104 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R.E. Hamam, M. Ibanescu, E.J. Reed, P. Bernel, S. G. Johnson, E. Ippen, J. D. Joannopoulos, M. Soljacic, "Purcell effect in nonlinear photonic structures: A coupled mode theory analysis," Opt. Express 16, 12523-12537 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. Soljacic, J. D. Joannopoulos, "Enhancement of nonlinear effects using photonic crystals," Nat. Materials 3, 211-219 (2004). [CrossRef]
- Y. H. Avetisyan, "Cavity-enhanced terahertz region difference-frequency generation in surface-emitting geometry," Proc. SPIE 3795, 501.
- M. W. McCutcheon, G. W. Rieger, I. W. Cheung, J. F. Young, D. Dalacu, S. Frederick, P. J. Poole, G. C. Aers, R. L. Williams, "Resonant scattering and second-harmonic spectroscopy of planar photonic crystal microcavities," Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 221110 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. Bravo-Abad, A. Rodriguez, P. Bernel, S. G. Johnson, J.D. Joannopoulos, M. Soljacic, "Enhanced nonlinear optics in photonic-crystal microcavities," Opt. Express 15, 16161-16176 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. B. Matsko, D. V. Strekalov, N. Yu, "Sensitivity of terahertz photonic receivers," Phys. Rev. A. 77, 043812 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Rodriguez, M. Soljacic, J.D. Joannopoulos, S.G. Johnson, "|(2) and |(3) harmonic generation at a critical power in inhomogeneous doubly resonant cavities," Opt. Express 15, 7303-7318 (2007). [CrossRef]
- I. B. Burgess, A. W. Rodriguez, M. W. McCutcheon, J. Bravo-Abad, Y. Zhang, S. G. Johnson, M. Loncar "Difference-frequency generation with quantum-limited efficiency in triply-resonant nonlinear cavities," Opt. Express 17, 9241-9251 (2009). [CrossRef]
- H. Hashemi, A. W. Rodriguez, J. D. Joannopoulos, M. Soljacic, S. G. Johnson, "Nonlinear harmonic generation and devices in doubly-resonant Kerr cavities," Phys. Rev. A 79, 013812 (2009). [CrossRef]
- At the position of highest THz field that exists above the THz material, the field amplitude has ∼ 25% of the maximum field amplitude for our THz nanobeam design.
- S. Singh, Nonlinear Optical Materials in Handbook of laser science and technology, M. J. Weber, ed., (Optical Materials, Part I, CRC Press 1986) Vol. III .
- Y. Zhang, M. W. McCutcheon, I. B. Burgess, M. Loncar, "Ultra-high-Q TE/TM dual-polarized photonic crystal nanocavities," Opt. Lett. 34, 2694-2696 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. W. McCutcheon, D. E. Chang, Y. Zhang, M. D. Lukin, M. Loncar, "Broad-band spectral control of single photon sources using a nonlinear photonic crystal cavity," arXiv:0903.4706 (2009).
- M. W. McCutcheon, M. Loncar, "Design of a silicon nitride photonic crystal nanocavity with a Quality factor of one million for coupling to a diamond nanocrystal," Opt. Express 16, 19136-19145 (2008). [CrossRef]
- P. B. Deotare, M. W. McCutcheon, I. W. Frank, M. M. Khan, M. Loncar, "High Quality factor photonic crystal nanobeam cavities," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 121106 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. Zhang, M. Loncar, "Ultra-high quality factor optical resonators based on semiconductor nanowires," Opt. Express 16, 17400 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. Notomi, E. Kuramochi, H. Taniyama, "Ultrahigh-Q Nanocavity with 1D Photonic Gap," Opt. Express 16, 11095-11102 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. Herrmann, T. Sunner, T. Hein, A. Loffler, M. Kamp, A. Forchel, "Ultrahigh-quality photonic crystal cavity in GaAs," Opt. Lett. 31, 1229-1231 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Combrie, A. De Rossi, Q.V. Tran, H. Benisty, "GaAs photonic crystal cavity with ultrahigh Q: microwatt nonlinearity at 1.55μm," Opt. Lett. 33, 1908-1910 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Weidner, S. Combrie, N.-V.-Q, Tran, A. De Rossi, J. Nagle, S. Cassete, A. Talneau, H. Benisty, "Achievement of ultrahigh quality factors in GaAs photonic crystal membrane nanocavity," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 221104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Jukam, C. Yee, M.S. Sherwin, I. Fushman, J. Vuckovic, "Patterned femtosecond laser excitation of terahertz leaky modes in GaAs photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 241112 (2006) [CrossRef]
- N. Jukam, M. S. Sherwin, "Two-dimensional terahertz photonic crystals fabricated by deep reactive ion etching in Si," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 21-23 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. X. Qu, D. Grischkowsky,W. L. Zhang, "Terahertz transmission properties of thin, subwavelength metallic hole arrays," Opt. Lett. 29, 896-898 (2004). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Jian, J. Pearce, D. M. Mittleman, "Terahertz transmission properties of thin, subwavelength metallic hole arrays," Opt. Lett. 29, 2067-2069 (2004). [CrossRef]
- C. M. Yee, M. S. Sherwin, "High-Q terahertz microcavities in silicon photonic crystal slabs," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 154104 (2009). [CrossRef]
- H. Kitahara, N. Tsumura, H. Kondo, M. W. Takeda, J. W. Haus, Z. Y. Yuan, N. Kawai, K. Sakoda, K. Inoue, "Terahertz wave dispersion in two-dimensional photonic crystals," Phys. Rev. B 64, 045202 (2001). [CrossRef]
- K. Srinivasan, P. E. Barclay, M. Borselli, O. Painter, "Optical-fiber-based measurement of an ultrasmall volume high-Q photonic crystal microcavity," Phys. Rev. B 70, 081306 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Taflove, S. C. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (Artech House, 2005).
- The NIR cavity was included in the THz cavity simulations and it was found to cause a slight decrease in the scattering-limited Q factor (2×106 →1.4×106), while having a negligible effect on |T.
- The effective usable area where the NIR cavity can be fabricated is given by the product of the spacing between the two central holes and the width of the THz cavity.
- J. D. Joannopoulos, S. G. Johnson, J. N. Winn, R. D. Meade, Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light (Princeton University Press, 2008).
- K. L. Vodopyanov, Yu. H. Avetisyan, "Optical terahertz wave generation in a planar GaAs waveguide," Opt. Lett. 33, 2314-2316 (2008). [CrossRef]
Author Affiliations
Department of Mathematics, Massacusetts Institute of Technology
Department of Physics, Massacusetts Institute of Technology
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University
Cited By
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.
- Jan 14 2010 : OSA wins SPARC Innovator award for Optics Express. Read the press release.
- Jan 14 2010 : The Journal of the Optical Society of Korea is now available in the Optics InfoBase!
- Jan 08 2010 : Optics InfoBase now supports export to Mendeley. Learn more about Mendeley for online citation management and sharing.
- Journal of the Optical Society of Korea Added to OSA’s Optics InfoBase
Feb 1, 2010 - The Optical Society (OSA) is pleased to announce that Optics... more - OSA to Launch New Journal: Biomedical Optics Express
Jan 20, 2010 - The Optical Society (OSA) today announced it is launching a new... more - Invisibility Visualized
Nov 12, 2009 - Scientists and curiosity seekers who want to know what a partially or... more




OSA is a member of 

