Optics InfoBase > Optics Express > Volume 18 > Issue 17 > Page 17620
|
Time-resolved pump-probe experiments at the LCLSJames M. Glownia, J. Cryan, J. Andreasson, A. Belkacem, N. Berrah, C. I. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, L. F. DiMauro, L. Fang, J. Frisch, O. Gessner, M. Gühr, J. Hajdu, M. P. Hertlein, M. Hoener, G. Huang, O. Kornilov, J. P. Marangos, A. M. March, B. K. McFarland, H. Merdji, V. S. Petrovic, C. Raman, D. Ray, D. A. Reis, M. Trigo, J. L. White, W. White, R. Wilcox, L. Young, R. N. Coffee, and P. H. Bucksbaum »View Author Affiliations
James M. Glownia,1, 2,*
J. Cryan,1,3
J. Andreasson,4
A. Belkacem,5
N. Berrah,6
C. I. Blaga,7
C. Bostedt,8
J. Bozek,8
L. F. DiMauro,7
L. Fang,6
J. Frisch,8
O. Gessner,5
M. Gühr,1
J. Hajdu,4
M. P. Hertlein,10
M. Hoener,6, 10
G. Huang,10
O. Kornilov,5
J. P. Marangos,11
A. M. March,12
B. K. McFarland,1, 2
H. Merdji,1, 13
V. S. Petrovic,3
C. Raman,14
D. Ray,12, 15
D. A. Reis,1, 2
M. Trigo,1
J. L. White,2
W. White,8
R. Wilcox,10
L. Young,12
R. N. Coffee,1, 8
and P. H. Bucksbaum1, 2, 3
1The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA 2Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA 3Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA 4Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden 5Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA 6Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA 7The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, OH 43210 USA 8The Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA 9Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA 10Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA 11Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London UK 12Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA 13CEA-Saclay, IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molecules, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 14School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA 15Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA *Corresponding author: jglownia@slac.stanford.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 17, pp. 17620-17630 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.017620
View Full Text Article
Enhanced HTML 
Acrobat PDF (1460 KB)
Abstract
The first time-resolved x-ray/optical pump-probe experiments at the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) used a combination of feedback methods and post-analysis binning techniques to synchronize an ultrafast optical laser to the linac-based x-ray laser. Transient molecular nitrogen alignment revival features were resolved in time-dependent x-ray-induced fragmentation spectra. These alignment features were used to find the temporal overlap of the pump and probe pulses. The strong-field dissociation of x-ray generated quasi-bound molecular dications was used to establish the residual timing jitter. This analysis shows that the relative arrival time of the Ti:Sapphire laser and the x-ray pulses had a distribution with a standard deviation of approximately 120 fs. The largest contribution to the jitter noise spectrum was the locking of the laser oscillator to the reference RF of the accelerator, which suggests that simple technical improvements could reduce the jitter to better than 50 fs.
© 2010 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.7240) Lasers and laser optics : UV, EUV, and X-ray lasers
(190.4180) Nonlinear optics : Multiphoton processes
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: May 21, 2010
Revised Manuscript: July 3, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: July 24, 2010
Published: August 2, 2010
Citation
James M. Glownia, J. Cryan, J. Andreasson, A. Belkacem, N. Berrah, C. I. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, L. F. DiMauro, L. Fang, J. Frisch, O. Gessner, M. Gühr, J. Hajdu, M. P. Hertlein, M. Hoener, G. Huang, O. Kornilov, J. P. Marangos, A. M. March, B. K. McFarland, H. Merdji, V. S. Petrovic, C. Raman, D. Ray, D. A. Reis, M. Trigo, J. L. White, W. White, R. Wilcox, L. Young, R. N. Coffee, and P. H. Bucksbaum, "Time-resolved pump-probe experiments at the LCLS," Opt. Express 18, 17620-17630 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-17-17620
Sort: Author | Year | Journal | Reset
References
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. Brachmann, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Haller, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, B. Hill, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, E. Kanter, B. Kraessig, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, A. Perazzo, M. Petree, D. Ratner, R. Santra, T. Smith, S. Southworth, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, and L. Young, J. M. Byrd, G. Huang, R. Wilcox, “Femtosecond operation of the LCLS for user experiments,” presented at the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC’10, Kyoto, Japan, 23–28 May. 2010.
- R. Santra, N. V. Kryzhevoi, and L. S. Cederbaum, “X-ray two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy: a theoretical study of inner-shell spectra of the organic para-aminophenol molecule,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(1), 013002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. P. Cryan, J. Glownia, J. Andreasson, A. Belkacem, N. Berrah, C. I. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, C. Buth, L. F. DiMauro, L. Fang, O. Gessner, M. Guehr, J. Hajdu, M. P. Hertlein, M. Hoener, O. Kornilov, J. P. Marangos, A. M. March, B. K. McFarland, H. Merdji, V. Petrovic, C. Raman, D. Ray, D. Reis, F. Tarantelli, M. Trigo, J. White, W. White, L. Young, P. H. Bucksbaum, and R. N. Coffee are preparing a manuscript to be called “Auger electron angular distribution of double core hole states in the molecular reference frame.”
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Zewail, “Femtochemistry: atomic-scale dynamics of the chemical bond,” J. Phys. Chem. A 104(24), 5660–5694 (2000). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Wilcox, J. M. Byrd, L. Doolittle, G. Huang, and J. W. Staples, “Stable transmission of radio frequency signals on fiber links using interferometric delay sensing,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3050–3052 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. K. Shelton, S. M. Foreman, L.-S. Ma, J. L. Hall, H. C. Kapteyn, M. M. Murnane, M. Notcutt, and J. Ye, “Subfemtosecond timing jitter between two independent, actively synchronized, mode-locked lasers,” Opt. Lett. 27(5), 312–314 (2002). [CrossRef]
- H. Tsuchida, “Timing-jitter reduction of a mode-locked Cr:LiSAF laser by simultaneous control of cavity length and pump power,” Opt. Lett. 25(19), 1475–1477 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. Bozek, “AMO instrumentation for the LCLS X-ray FEL,” Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 169(1), 129–132 (2009). [CrossRef]
- W. C. Wiley and I. H. McLaren, “Time of flight mass spectrometer with improved Resolution,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 26(12), 1150–1157 (1955). [CrossRef]
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Stapelfeldt and T. Seideman, “Colloquium: Aligning molecules with strong laser pulses,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75(2), 543–557 (2003). [CrossRef]
- B. Kempgens, A. Kivimaki, M. Neeb, H. M. Köppe, A. M. Bradshaw, and J. Feldhaus, “A high-resolution N 1s photoionization study of the N2 molecule in the near-threshold region,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29(22), 5389–5402 (1996). [CrossRef]
- R. Wetmore and R. Boyd, “Theoretical investigation of the dication of molecular nitrogen,” J. Phys. Chem. 90(22), 5540–5551 (1986). [CrossRef]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X.-M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, “Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics,” Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Krinsky and Y. Li, “Statistical analysis of the chaotic optical field from a self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 73(6), 066501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
Ackerman, G. D.
Akre, R.
Akre, R. A.
Als-Nielsen, J.
Arsov, V.
Arthur, J.
Ascenzi, D.
Azima, A.
Baltuska, A.
Berden, G.
Bergh, M.
Berrah, N.
Bilodeau, R. C.
Bionta, R.
Blaga, C.
Blome, C.
Blümel, L.
Bong, E.
Bostedt, C.
Boyd, R.
Bozek, J.
Bozek, J. D.
Brachmann, A.
Bradshaw, A. M.
Brennan, S.
Bucksbaum, P.
Bucksbaum, P. H.
Budzyn, F.
Buth, C.
Byrd, J. M.
Caleman, C.
Cavalieri, A. L.
Cederbaum, L. S.
Chapman, H. N.
Chen, M.
Cocke, C. L.
Coffee, R.
Cole, K.
Coreno, M.
Cryan, J.
Cryan, J. P.
Cunovic, S.
De Simone, M.
Decker, F.-J.
DiMauro, L.
Dimauro, L. F.
Ding, Y.
Doolittle, L.
Dörner, R.
Doumy, G.
Dowell, D.
Drescher, M.
Düsterer, S.
Echenique, P. M.
Edstrom, S.
Emma, P.
Ergler, Th.
Falcone, R. W.
Fang, L.
Feldhaus, J.
Fisher, A.
Foreman, S. M.
Foucar, L.
Franceschi, P.
Frisch, J.
Fritz, D. M.
Frühling, U.
Fuoss, P. H.
Gaffney, K. J.
Gagnon, E.
Galayda, J.
Gebert, T.
Gensch, M.
Gessner, O.
Ghimire, S.
Gilevich, S.
Gillespie, W. A.
Glownia, J. M.
Glownia, M.
Grimm, O.
Gühr, M.
Hajdu, J.
Hall, J. L.
Hansen, T. N.
Hastings, J.
Hastings, J. B.
Havermeier, T.
Hays, G.
Heinzmann, U.
Hendel, S.
Hering, Ph.
Hignette, O.
Hoener, M.
Holzwarth, R.
Horvath, B.
Hosler, E.
Huang, G.
Huang, Z.
Huldt, G.
Ischebeck, R.
Iverson, R.
Jamison, S. P.
Jiang, Y. H.
Kabachnik, N. M.
Kalms, R.
Kanter, E. P.
Kao, C. C.
Kapteyn, H. C.
Kempgens, B.
Kienberger, R.
Kilcoyne, A. L. D.
Kivimaki, A.
Kleineberg, U.
Köppe, H. M.
Kornilov, O.
Krässig, B.
Krausz, F.
Krejcik, P.
Krikunova, M.
Krinsky, S.
Kryzhevoi, N. V.
Kühnel, K. U.
Kukk, E.
Kurka, M.
Larsson, J.
Lee, R. W.
Lee, S. H.
Leone, S. R.
Li, Y.
Lindenberg, A. M.
Loos, H.
Lowney, D. P.
Luening, K.
Ma, L.-S.
MacLeod, A. M.
Macphee, A. G.
Maltezopoulos, T.
March, A. M.
McFarland, B.
McLaren, I. H.
Messerschmidt, M.
Miahnahri, A.
Mills, D. M.
Moeller, S.
Moshammer, R.
Müller, N.
Murnane, M. M.
Murphy, B.
Neeb, M.
Notcutt, M.
Nuhn, H.-D.
Pahl, R.
Perri, M.
Pešic, Z. D.
Petrovic, V.
Phillips, P. J.
Pile, G.
Plönjes, E.
Pratt, S. T.
Ranitovic, P.
Ratner, D.
Redlin, H.
Reis, D. A.
Ricketts, C. L.
Roedig, C. A.
Rohringer, N.
Roithová, J.
Rolles, D.
Rossbach, J.
Rudati, J.
Rude, B. S.
Rudenko, A.
Rzepiela, J.
Sandhu, A. S.
Santra, R.
Schlarb, H.
Schlie, M.
Schmidt, B.
Schmüser, P.
Schneider, J.
Schöffler, M.
Schössler, S.
Schröter, C. D.
Schulte-Schrepping, H.
Schultz, D.
Schütte, B.
Seideman, T.
Sette, F.
Shelton, R. K.
Sheppard, J.
Siddons, D. P.
Smith, T.
Smolarski, M.
Sokolowski-Tinten, K.
Southworth, S. H.
Stapelfeldt, H.
Staples, J. W.
Stefan, P.
Steffen, B.
Stephenson, G. B.
Synnergren, O.
Techert, S.
Thissen, R.
Timneanu, N.
Tompkins, H.
Tong, X.-M.
Tosi, P.
Treusch, R.
Tschentscher, Th.
Tsuchida, H.
Turner, J.
Ullrich, J.
Uphues, Th.
van der Meer, A. F. G.
van der Spoel, D.
Wark, J. S.
Weinstein, D.
Welch, J.
Wetmore, R.
White, W.
Wieland, M.
Wilcox, R.
Wiley, W. C.
Wu, J.
Yakovlev, V. S.
Ye, J.
Yocky, G.
Young, L.
Zabka, J.
Zewail, A.
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- R. Wetmore and R. Boyd, “Theoretical investigation of the dication of molecular nitrogen,” J. Phys. Chem. 90(22), 5540–5551 (1986). [CrossRef]
- J. Bozek, “AMO instrumentation for the LCLS X-ray FEL,” Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 169(1), 129–132 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- B. Kempgens, A. Kivimaki, M. Neeb, H. M. Köppe, A. M. Bradshaw, and J. Feldhaus, “A high-resolution N 1s photoionization study of the N2 molecule in the near-threshold region,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29(22), 5389–5402 (1996). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Santra, N. V. Kryzhevoi, and L. S. Cederbaum, “X-ray two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy: a theoretical study of inner-shell spectra of the organic para-aminophenol molecule,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(1), 013002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X.-M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, “Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics,” Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Kempgens, A. Kivimaki, M. Neeb, H. M. Köppe, A. M. Bradshaw, and J. Feldhaus, “A high-resolution N 1s photoionization study of the N2 molecule in the near-threshold region,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29(22), 5389–5402 (1996). [CrossRef]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X.-M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, “Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics,” Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X.-M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, “Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics,” Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. K. Shelton, S. M. Foreman, L.-S. Ma, J. L. Hall, H. C. Kapteyn, M. M. Murnane, M. Notcutt, and J. Ye, “Subfemtosecond timing jitter between two independent, actively synchronized, mode-locked lasers,” Opt. Lett. 27(5), 312–314 (2002). [CrossRef]
- B. Kempgens, A. Kivimaki, M. Neeb, H. M. Köppe, A. M. Bradshaw, and J. Feldhaus, “A high-resolution N 1s photoionization study of the N2 molecule in the near-threshold region,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29(22), 5389–5402 (1996). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- B. Kempgens, A. Kivimaki, M. Neeb, H. M. Köppe, A. M. Bradshaw, and J. Feldhaus, “A high-resolution N 1s photoionization study of the N2 molecule in the near-threshold region,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29(22), 5389–5402 (1996). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Kempgens, A. Kivimaki, M. Neeb, H. M. Köppe, A. M. Bradshaw, and J. Feldhaus, “A high-resolution N 1s photoionization study of the N2 molecule in the near-threshold region,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29(22), 5389–5402 (1996). [CrossRef]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Krinsky and Y. Li, “Statistical analysis of the chaotic optical field from a self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 73(6), 066501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Santra, N. V. Kryzhevoi, and L. S. Cederbaum, “X-ray two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy: a theoretical study of inner-shell spectra of the organic para-aminophenol molecule,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(1), 013002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Krinsky and Y. Li, “Statistical analysis of the chaotic optical field from a self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 73(6), 066501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. C. Wiley and I. H. McLaren, “Time of flight mass spectrometer with improved Resolution,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 26(12), 1150–1157 (1955). [CrossRef]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X.-M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, “Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics,” Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. K. Shelton, S. M. Foreman, L.-S. Ma, J. L. Hall, H. C. Kapteyn, M. M. Murnane, M. Notcutt, and J. Ye, “Subfemtosecond timing jitter between two independent, actively synchronized, mode-locked lasers,” Opt. Lett. 27(5), 312–314 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Kempgens, A. Kivimaki, M. Neeb, H. M. Köppe, A. M. Bradshaw, and J. Feldhaus, “A high-resolution N 1s photoionization study of the N2 molecule in the near-threshold region,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29(22), 5389–5402 (1996). [CrossRef]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X.-M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, “Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics,” Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X.-M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, “Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics,” Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Santra, N. V. Kryzhevoi, and L. S. Cederbaum, “X-ray two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy: a theoretical study of inner-shell spectra of the organic para-aminophenol molecule,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(1), 013002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- H. Stapelfeldt and T. Seideman, “Colloquium: Aligning molecules with strong laser pulses,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75(2), 543–557 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Stapelfeldt and T. Seideman, “Colloquium: Aligning molecules with strong laser pulses,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75(2), 543–557 (2003). [CrossRef]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X.-M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, “Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics,” Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- R. Wetmore and R. Boyd, “Theoretical investigation of the dication of molecular nitrogen,” J. Phys. Chem. 90(22), 5540–5551 (1986). [CrossRef]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- W. C. Wiley and I. H. McLaren, “Time of flight mass spectrometer with improved Resolution,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 26(12), 1150–1157 (1955). [CrossRef]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Zewail, “Femtochemistry: atomic-scale dynamics of the chemical bond,” J. Phys. Chem. A 104(24), 5660–5694 (2000). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.
- J. Bozek, “AMO instrumentation for the LCLS X-ray FEL,” Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 169(1), 129–132 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. Chem. Phys.
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
- B. Kempgens, A. Kivimaki, M. Neeb, H. M. Köppe, A. M. Bradshaw, and J. Feldhaus, “A high-resolution N 1s photoionization study of the N2 molecule in the near-threshold region,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29(22), 5389–5402 (1996). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. Chem.
- R. Wetmore and R. Boyd, “Theoretical investigation of the dication of molecular nitrogen,” J. Phys. Chem. 90(22), 5540–5551 (1986). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. Chem. A
- A. Zewail, “Femtochemistry: atomic-scale dynamics of the chemical bond,” J. Phys. Chem. A 104(24), 5660–5694 (2000). [CrossRef]
Nat. Photonics
- P. Emma, R. Akre, J. Arthur, R. Bionta, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, A. Brachmann, P. Bucksbaum, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, S. Edstrom, A. Fisher, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, J. Hastings, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, M. Messerschmidt, A. Miahnahri, S. Moeller, H.-D. Nuhn, G. Pile, D. Ratner, J. Rzepiela, D. Schultz, T. Smith, P. Stefan, H. Tompkins, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky, and J. Galayda, “First lasing and operation of an angstrom-wavelength free-electron laser,” Nat. Photonics (to be published).
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
Nature
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
Opt. Lett.
- R. Wilcox, J. M. Byrd, L. Doolittle, G. Huang, and J. W. Staples, “Stable transmission of radio frequency signals on fiber links using interferometric delay sensing,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3050–3052 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. K. Shelton, S. M. Foreman, L.-S. Ma, J. L. Hall, H. C. Kapteyn, M. M. Murnane, M. Notcutt, and J. Ye, “Subfemtosecond timing jitter between two independent, actively synchronized, mode-locked lasers,” Opt. Lett. 27(5), 312–314 (2002). [CrossRef]
- H. Tsuchida, “Timing-jitter reduction of a mode-locked Cr:LiSAF laser by simultaneous control of cavity length and pump power,” Opt. Lett. 25(19), 1475–1477 (2000). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.
- S. Krinsky and Y. Li, “Statistical analysis of the chaotic optical field from a self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 73(6), 066501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Santra, N. V. Kryzhevoi, and L. S. Cederbaum, “X-ray two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy: a theoretical study of inner-shell spectra of the organic para-aminophenol molecule,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(1), 013002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
Rev. Mod. Phys.
- H. Stapelfeldt and T. Seideman, “Colloquium: Aligning molecules with strong laser pulses,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75(2), 543–557 (2003). [CrossRef]
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
- W. C. Wiley and I. H. McLaren, “Time of flight mass spectrometer with improved Resolution,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 26(12), 1150–1157 (1955). [CrossRef]
Science
- E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X.-M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, “Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics,” Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
- J. P. Cryan, J. Glownia, J. Andreasson, A. Belkacem, N. Berrah, C. I. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, C. Buth, L. F. DiMauro, L. Fang, O. Gessner, M. Guehr, J. Hajdu, M. P. Hertlein, M. Hoener, O. Kornilov, J. P. Marangos, A. M. March, B. K. McFarland, H. Merdji, V. Petrovic, C. Raman, D. Ray, D. Reis, F. Tarantelli, M. Trigo, J. White, W. White, L. Young, P. H. Bucksbaum, and R. N. Coffee are preparing a manuscript to be called “Auger electron angular distribution of double core hole states in the molecular reference frame.”
- A. Brachmann, C. Bostedt, J. Bozek, R. Coffee, F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Haller, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, B. Hill, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, E. Kanter, B. Kraessig, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, A. Perazzo, M. Petree, D. Ratner, R. Santra, T. Smith, S. Southworth, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, J. Wu, and L. Young, J. M. Byrd, G. Huang, R. Wilcox, “Femtosecond operation of the LCLS for user experiments,” presented at the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC’10, Kyoto, Japan, 23–28 May. 2010.
2010, Young, Nature
- L. Young, E. P. Kanter, B. Krässig, Y. Li, A. M. March, S. T. Pratt, R. Santra, S. H. Southworth, N. Rohringer, L. F. Dimauro, G. Doumy, C. A. Roedig, N. Berrah, L. Fang, M. Hoener, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. P. Cryan, S. Ghimire, J. M. Glownia, D. A. Reis, J. D. Bozek, C. Bostedt, and M. Messerschmidt, “Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays,” Nature 466(7302), 56–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hoener, L. Fang, O. Kornilov, O. Gessner, S. T. Pratt, M. Gühr, E. P. Kanter, C. Blaga, C. Bostedt, J. D. Bozek, P. H. Bucksbaum, C. Buth, M. Chen, R. Coffee, J. Cryan, L. DiMauro, M. Glownia, E. Hosler, E. Kukk, S. R. Leone, B. McFarland, M. Messerschmidt, B. Murphy, V. Petrovic, D. Rolles, and N. Berrah, “Ultra-intense X-ray induced ionization, dissociation and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(25), 253002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ding, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, D. Dowell, P. Emma, J. Frisch, S. Gilevich, G. Hays, Ph. Hering, Z. Huang, R. Iverson, H. Loos, A. Miahnahri, H.-D. Nuhn, D. Ratner, J. Turner, J. Welch, W. White, and J. Wu, “Measurements and simulations of ultralow emittance and ultrashort electron beams in the linac coherent light source,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 254801 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Santra, N. V. Kryzhevoi, and L. S. Cederbaum, “X-ray two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy: a theoretical study of inner-shell spectra of the organic para-aminophenol molecule,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(1), 013002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Steffen, V. Arsov, G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, and P. Schmüser, “Electro-optic time profile monitors for femtosecond electron bunches at the soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH,” Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12(3), 032802 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Krikunova, T. Maltezopoulos, A. Azima, M. Schlie, U. Frühling, H. Redlin, R. Kalms, S. Cunovic, N. M. Kabachnik, M. Wieland, and M. Drescher, “Time-resolved pump-probe experiments beyond the jitter limitations at FLASH,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 144102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Bozek, “AMO instrumentation for the LCLS X-ray FEL,” Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 169(1), 129–132 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. H. Jiang, A. Rudenko, M. Kurka, K. U. Kühnel, Th. Ergler, L. Foucar, M. Schöffler, S. Schössler, T. Havermeier, M. Smolarski, K. Cole, R. Dörner, S. Düsterer, R. Treusch, M. Gensch, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, and J. Ullrich, “Few-photon multiple ionization of N2 by extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser radiation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(12), 123002 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Frühling, M. Wieland, M. Gensch, T. Gebert, B. Schütte, M. Krikunova, R. Kalms, F. Budzyn, O. Grimm, J. Rossbach, E. Plönjes, and M. Drescher, “Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera,” Nat. Photonics 3(9), 523–528 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, Th. Uphues, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P. M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Heinzmann, “Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter,” Nature 449(7165), 1029–1032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Gagnon, P. Ranitovic, X.-M. Tong, C. L. Cocke, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and A. S. Sandhu, “Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics,” Science 317(5843), 1374–1378 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Franceschi, D. Ascenzi, P. Tosi, R. Thissen, J. Zabka, J. Roithová, C. L. Ricketts, M. De Simone, and M. Coreno, “Dissociative double photoionization of N2 using synchrotron radiation: appearance energy of the N2+ dication,” J. Chem. Phys. 126(13), 134310 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Rolles, Z. D. Pešić, M. Perri, R. C. Bilodeau, G. D. Ackerman, B. S. Rude, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, J. D. Bozek, and N. Berrah, “A velocity map imaging spectrometer for electron-ion and ion-ion coincidence experiments with synchrotron radiation,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 261(1-2), 170–174 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Krinsky and Y. Li, “Statistical analysis of the chaotic optical field from a self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron laser,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 73(6), 066501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Cavalieri, D. M. Fritz, S. H. Lee, P. H. Bucksbaum, D. A. Reis, J. Rudati, D. M. Mills, P. H. Fuoss, G. B. Stephenson, C. C. Kao, D. P. Siddons, D. P. Lowney, A. G. Macphee, D. Weinstein, R. W. Falcone, R. Pahl, J. Als-Nielsen, C. Blome, S. Düsterer, R. Ischebeck, H. Schlarb, H. Schulte-Schrepping, Th. Tschentscher, J. Schneider, O. Hignette, F. Sette, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, H. N. Chapman, R. W. Lee, T. N. Hansen, O. Synnergren, J. Larsson, S. Techert, J. Sheppard, J. S. Wark, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, D. van der Spoel, N. Timneanu, J. Hajdu, R. A. Akre, E. Bong, P. Emma, P. Krejcik, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, K. J. Gaffney, A. M. Lindenberg, K. Luening, and J. B. Hastings, “Clocking femtosecond X rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(11), 114801 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Stapelfeldt and T. Seideman, “Colloquium: Aligning molecules with strong laser pulses,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75(2), 543–557 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Zewail, “Femtochemistry: atomic-scale dynamics of the chemical bond,” J. Phys. Chem. A 104(24), 5660–5694 (2000). [CrossRef]
- B. Kempgens, A. Kivimaki, M. Neeb, H. M. Köppe, A. M. Bradshaw, and J. Feldhaus, “A high-resolution N 1s photoionization study of the N2 molecule in the near-threshold region,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29(22), 5389–5402 (1996). [CrossRef]
- R. Wetmore and R. Boyd, “Theoretical investigation of the dication of molecular nitrogen,” J. Phys. Chem. 90(22), 5540–5551 (1986). [CrossRef]
- W. C. Wiley and I. H. McLaren, “Time of flight mass spectrometer with improved Resolution,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 26(12), 1150–1157 (1955). [CrossRef]
Cited By |
 Alert me when this paper is cited |
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.
Related Journal Articles 
- Guiding of high-intensity picosecond laser pulses in a discharge-ablated capillary waveguide (JOSAB)
- Fourier analysis of the femtosecond hyper-Rayleigh scattering signal from ionic fluorescent hemicyanine dyes (JOSAB)
- Investigation of the gain anomaly of lithiumlike ion 3d–4f and 3d–5f lasers in a recombining silicon plasma (JOSAB)
- Nonlinear optical properties of GaSb and GaInAsSb and their application for phase conjugation in degenerate four-wave mixing (JOSAB)
- Self-induced parametric amplification of high-order harmonics (OL)
Related Conference Papers
- Enhanced Production of Coherent Pulsed Radiation at 125 nm: The Route Towards a Tabletop VUV Laser
- Reversible Birefringence in Microstructures Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization
- Ultrafast X-Ray-Pump, Laser-Probe Spectroscopy at LCLS
- Ultrafast X-Ray-Pump, Laser-Probe Spectroscopy at LCLS
- Sub-Cycle Strong-Field Influences in X-ray Photoionization
« Previous Article | Next Article »
OSA is a member of 
For optimal display we recommend the following web browsers:
- Firefox 11+
- Google Chrome 17+
- Internet Explorer 9+
- Safari 5+