Magnetic response of split ring resonators (SRRs) at visible frequencies

doi:10.1364/OE.18.003210

Magnetic response of split ring resonators (SRRs) at visible frequencies

Basudev Lahiri, Scott G. McMeekin, Ali Z. Khokhar, Richard M. De La Rue, and Nigel P. Johnson »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 3, pp. 3210-3218 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.003210

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Abstract

In this paper, we report on a substantial shift in the response of arrays of similarly sized Split Ring Resonators (SRRs), having a rectangular U-shaped form - and made respectively of aluminium and of gold. We also demonstrate that it is possible to obtain the polarization dependent LC peak in the visible spectrum - by using SRRs based on aluminium, rather than gold. The response of metallic SRRs scales linearly with size. At optical frequencies, metals stop behaving like nearly perfect conductors and begin displaying characteristically different behaviour, in accord with the Drude model. The response at higher frequencies, such as those in the visible and near infra-red, depends both on their size and on the individual properties of the metals used. A higher frequency limit has been observed in the polarization dependent response (in particular the LC resonance peak) of gold based SRRs in the near infrared region. By using aluminium based SRRs instead of gold, the higher frequency limit of the LC resonance can be further shifted into the visible spectrum.

OCIS Codes
(140.4780) Lasers and laser optics : Optical resonators
(160.3820) Materials : Magneto-optical materials
(160.4670) Materials : Optical materials
(160.4760) Materials : Optical properties
(160.6000) Materials : Semiconductor materials
(160.6030) Materials : Silica
(240.6490) Optics at surfaces : Spectroscopy, surface
(250.0250) Optoelectronics : Optoelectronics
(160.3918) Materials : Metamaterials
(160.4236) Materials : Nanomaterials
(220.4241) Optical design and fabrication : Nanostructure fabrication
(250.5403) Optoelectronics : Plasmonics

ToC Category:
Metamaterials

History
Original Manuscript: December 17, 2009
Revised Manuscript: January 14, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: January 14, 2010
Published: January 29, 2010

Citation
Basudev Lahiri, Scott G. McMeekin, Ali Z. Khokhar, Richard M. De La Rue, and Nigel P. Johnson, "Magnetic response of split ring resonators (SRRs) at visible frequencies," Opt. Express 18, 3210-3218 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-3-3210

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References

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J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, “Magnetism from conductors and enhanced Non-Linear Phenomena,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47(11), 2075–2084 (1999). [CrossRef]
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C. Rockstuhl, F. Lederer, C. Etrich, T. Zentgraf, J. Kuhl, and H. Giessen, “On the reinterpretation of resonances in split-ring-resonators at normal incidence,” Opt. Express 14(19), 8827–8836 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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N. P. Johnson, A. Z. Khokhar, H. M. H. Chong, R. M. De La Rue, and S. McMeekin, “Characterisation at infrared wavelegths of metamaterials formed by thin-film metallic split-ring resonator arrays on silicon,” Electron. Lett. 42(19), 1117–1119 (2006). [CrossRef]
I. El-Kady, M. M. Sigalas, R. Biswas, K. M. Ho, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Metallic Photonic crystals at optical wavelengths,” Phys. Rev. 62, 15299 (2000). [CrossRef]
P. Marcos and C. M. Soukoulis, “Transmission studies of left-handed materials,” Phys. Rev. B 65(033401), 1–4 (2001).
Z. Sheng and V. V. Varadan, “Tuning the effective properties of metamaterials by changing the substrate properties,” J. Appl. Phys. 101(1), 4–7 (2007). [CrossRef]

Electron. Lett.

N. P. Johnson, A. Z. Khokhar, H. M. H. Chong, R. M. De La Rue, and S. McMeekin, “Characterisation at infrared wavelegths of metamaterials formed by thin-film metallic split-ring resonator arrays on silicon,” Electron. Lett. 42(19), 1117–1119 (2006). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

S. Linden, C. Enkrich, G. Dolling, M. W. Klein, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, C. M. Soukoulis, S. Burger, F. Schmidt, and M. Wegener, “Photonic Metamaterials: Magnetism at Optical Frequencies,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12(6), 1097–1105 (2006). [CrossRef]

IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.

J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, “Magnetism from conductors and enhanced Non-Linear Phenomena,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47(11), 2075–2084 (1999). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

Z. Sheng and V. V. Varadan, “Tuning the effective properties of metamaterials by changing the substrate properties,” J. Appl. Phys. 101(1), 4–7 (2007). [CrossRef]

Metamaterials (Amst.)

S. Tretyakov, “On geometrical scaling of split-ring and double bar resonators at optical frequencies,” Metamaterials (Amst.) 1(1), 40–43 (2007). [CrossRef]

Nat. Photonics

V. M. Shalaev, “Optical negative index metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 41–48 (2007). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

C. Rockstuhl, F. Lederer, C. Etrich, T. Zentgraf, J. Kuhl, and H. Giessen, “On the reinterpretation of resonances in split-ring-resonators at normal incidence,” Opt. Express 14(19), 8827–8836 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

Phys. Rev.

I. El-Kady, M. M. Sigalas, R. Biswas, K. M. Ho, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Metallic Photonic crystals at optical wavelengths,” Phys. Rev. 62, 15299 (2000). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. B

P. Marcos and C. M. Soukoulis, “Transmission studies of left-handed materials,” Phys. Rev. B 65(033401), 1–4 (2001).

Phys. Rev. Lett.

W. J. Padilla, A. J. Taylor, C. Highstre, M. Lee, and R. D. Averitt, “Dynamic Electric and Magnetic Metamaterial Response at Terahertz Frequencies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(10), 1–4 (2006). [CrossRef]
J. Zhou, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economu, J. B. Pendry, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Saturation of the magnetic response of split ring resonators at Optical frequencies,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(22), 1–4 (2005). [CrossRef]

Science

S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Magnetic Response of Metamaterials at 100 THz,” Science 306(5700), 1351–1361 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Sov. Phys.

V. G. Veselago, “The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of ε and μ,” Sov. Phys. 10(4), 509–514 (1968). [CrossRef]

Other

http://www.rsoftdesign.com/products.php?sub=Component+Design&itm=FullWAVE . 2nd December 2009.

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