Carrier-envelope phase dynamics of octave-spanning dispersion-managed Ti: sapphire lasers

doi:10.1364/OE.18.004948

Carrier-envelope phase dynamics of octave-spanning dispersion-managed Ti: sapphire lasers

Michelle Y. Sander, Erich P. Ippen, and Franz X. Kärtner »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 5, pp. 4948-4960 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.004948

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Abstract

The carrier-envelope phase dynamics of few-cycle octave-spanning Ti:sapphire lasers are analyzed based on a numerical one-dimensional dispersion-managed laser model. The dominant contribution to the carrier-envelope phase shift with respect to intracavity energy arises from the asymmetric impact of self-steepening on pulse formation and laser output. We show that this term is larger by a factor of four than the energy-dependent round trip phase and is thus more significant than in the corresponding result for conventional soliton lasers. Frequency shifts due to the Raman effect are studied and found to be of minor impact for octave-spanning lasers.

OCIS Codes
(320.5550) Ultrafast optics : Pulses
(320.7090) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast lasers

ToC Category:
Ultrafast Optics

History
Original Manuscript: January 12, 2010
Revised Manuscript: February 13, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: February 14, 2010
Published: February 24, 2010

Citation
Michelle Y. Sander, Erich P. Ippen, and Franz X. Kärtner, "Carrier-envelope phase dynamics of octave-spanning dispersion-managed Ti: sapphire lasers," Opt. Express 18, 4948-4960 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-5-4948

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References

P. Christov, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, “High-Harmonic Generation of Attosecond Pulses in the “Single-Cycle” Regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 78(7), 1251–1254 (1997). [CrossRef]
T. Brabec and F. Krausz, “Intense few-cycle laser fields: frontiers of nonlinear optics,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 72(2), 545–591 (2000). [CrossRef]
A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature 421(6923), 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Poppe, R. Holzwarth, A. Apolonski, G. Tempea, Ch. Spielmann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Few-cycle optical waveform synthesis,” Appl. Phys. B 72, 373–376 (2001).
S. T. Cundiff, “Phase stabilization of ultrashort optical pulses,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 35(8), 201 (2002). [CrossRef]
O. D. Mücke, R. Ell, A. Winter, J. W. Kim, J. R. Birge, L. Matos, and F. X. Kärtner, “Self-referenced 200 MHz octave-spanning Ti:sapphire laser with 50 attosecond carrier-envelope phase jitter,” Opt. Express 13(13), 5163–5169 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
L. Xu, Ch. Spielmann, A. Poppe, T. Brabec, F. Krausz, and T. W. Hänsch, “Route to phase control of ultrashort light pulses,” Opt. Lett. 21(24), 2008–2010 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. A. Haus and E. P. Ippen, “Group velocity of solitons,” Opt. Lett. 26(21), 1654–1656 (2001). [CrossRef]
T. M. Fortier, J. Ye, S. T. Cundiff, and R. S. Windeler, “Nonlinear phase noise generated in air-silica microstructure fiber and its effect on carrier-envelope phase,” Opt. Lett. 27(6), 445–447 (2002). [CrossRef]
F. W. Helbing, G. Steinmeyer, U. Keller, R. S. Windeler, J. Stenger, and H. R. Telle, “Carrier-envelope offset dynamics of mode-locked lasers,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 194–196 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. Witte, R. T. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, “Control and precise measurement of carrier-envelope phase dynamics,” Appl. Phys. B 78(1), 5–12 (2004). [CrossRef]
Y. Chen, F. X. Kärtner, U. Morgner, S. H. Cho, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Dispersion-managed mode locking,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16(11), 1999–2004 (1999). [CrossRef]
M. J. Ablowitz, B. Ilan, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase slip of ultrashort dispersion-managed solitons,” Opt. Lett. 29(15), 1808–1810 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. W. Holman, R. J. Jones, A. Marian, S. T. Cundiff, and J. Ye, “Detailed studies and control of intensity-related dynamics of femtosecond frequency combs from mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9(4), 1018–1024 (2003). [CrossRef]
L. Matos, O. D. Mücke, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Carrier-envelope phase dynamics and noise analysis in octave-spanning Ti:sapphire lasers,” Opt. Express 14(6), 2497–2511 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Y. Sander, J. Birge, A. Benedick, H. M. Crespo, and F. X. Kärtner, “Dynamics of dispersion managed octave-spanning titanium:sapphire lasers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26(4), 743–749 (2009). [CrossRef]
M. Y. Sander, H. M. Crespo, J. R. Birge, and F. X. Kärtner, “Modeling of octave-spanning sub-two-cycle titanium:sapphire lasers: Simulation and Experiment,” Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, (European Physical Society and Optical Society of America, 2008), THUIIIc.
H. M. Crespo, J. R. Birge, M. Y. Sander, E. L. Falcão-Filho, A. Benedick, and F. X. Kärtner, “Phase stabilization of sub-two-cycle pulses from prismless octave-spanning Ti:sapphire lasers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25(7), B147–B154 (2008). [CrossRef]
M. Y. Sander, and F. X. Kärtner, “Carrier-envelope phase dynamics of octave-spanning Titanium:sapphire lasers,” Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics (CLEO), Baltimore, MD, June 1–5, 2009, CMN4.
G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic, 2007).
T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, and T. W. Hänsch, “Optical frequency metrology,” Nature 416(6877), 233–237 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. R. Schibli, O. Kuzucu, J. Kim, E. P. Ippen, J. G. Fujimoto, F. X. Kaertner, V. Scheuer, and G. Angelow, “Toward single-cycle laser systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9(4), 990–1001 (2003). [CrossRef]
H. A. Haus, I. Sorokina, and E. Sorokin, “Raman-induced redshift of ultrashort mode-locked laser pulses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15(1), 223–231 (1998). [CrossRef]
I. T. Sorokina, E. Sorokin, E. Wintner, A. Cassanho, and H. P. Jenssen, “Raman induced pulse self-frequency shift in the sub-20 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Cr:LiSGaF and Cr:LiSAF lasers,” OSA TOPS 19, 359–361 (1998).
V. L. Kalashnikov, E. Sorokin, and I. T. Sorokina, “Mechanisms of spectral shift in ultrashort-pulse laser oscillators,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18(11), 1732–1741 (2001). [CrossRef]
S. P. S. Porto and R. S. Krishnan, “Raman effect of Corundum,” J. Chem. Phys. 47(3), 1009–1012 (1967). [CrossRef]
M. Kadleikova, J. Breza, and M. Vesely, “Raman spectra of synthetic sapphire,” Microelectron. J. 32(12), 955–958 (2001). [CrossRef]

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[1] P. Christov, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, “High-Harmonic Generation of Attosecond Pulses in the “Single-Cycle” Regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 78(7), 1251–1254 (1997). [CrossRef]

[2] T. Brabec and F. Krausz, “Intense few-cycle laser fields: frontiers of nonlinear optics,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 72(2), 545–591 (2000). [CrossRef]

[3] A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature 421(6923), 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] A. Poppe, R. Holzwarth, A. Apolonski, G. Tempea, Ch. Spielmann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Few-cycle optical waveform synthesis,” Appl. Phys. B 72, 373–376 (2001).

[5] S. T. Cundiff, “Phase stabilization of ultrashort optical pulses,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 35(8), 201 (2002). [CrossRef]

[6] O. D. Mücke, R. Ell, A. Winter, J. W. Kim, J. R. Birge, L. Matos, and F. X. Kärtner, “Self-referenced 200 MHz octave-spanning Ti:sapphire laser with 50 attosecond carrier-envelope phase jitter,” Opt. Express 13(13), 5163–5169 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] L. Xu, Ch. Spielmann, A. Poppe, T. Brabec, F. Krausz, and T. W. Hänsch, “Route to phase control of ultrashort light pulses,” Opt. Lett. 21(24), 2008–2010 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] H. A. Haus and E. P. Ippen, “Group velocity of solitons,” Opt. Lett. 26(21), 1654–1656 (2001). [CrossRef]

[9] T. M. Fortier, J. Ye, S. T. Cundiff, and R. S. Windeler, “Nonlinear phase noise generated in air-silica microstructure fiber and its effect on carrier-envelope phase,” Opt. Lett. 27(6), 445–447 (2002). [CrossRef]

[10] F. W. Helbing, G. Steinmeyer, U. Keller, R. S. Windeler, J. Stenger, and H. R. Telle, “Carrier-envelope offset dynamics of mode-locked lasers,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 194–196 (2002). [CrossRef]

[11] S. Witte, R. T. Zinkstok, W. Hogervorst, and K. S. E. Eikema, “Control and precise measurement of carrier-envelope phase dynamics,” Appl. Phys. B 78(1), 5–12 (2004). [CrossRef]

[12] Y. Chen, F. X. Kärtner, U. Morgner, S. H. Cho, H. A. Haus, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Dispersion-managed mode locking,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16(11), 1999–2004 (1999). [CrossRef]

[13] M. J. Ablowitz, B. Ilan, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase slip of ultrashort dispersion-managed solitons,” Opt. Lett. 29(15), 1808–1810 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] K. W. Holman, R. J. Jones, A. Marian, S. T. Cundiff, and J. Ye, “Detailed studies and control of intensity-related dynamics of femtosecond frequency combs from mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9(4), 1018–1024 (2003). [CrossRef]

[15] L. Matos, O. D. Mücke, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Carrier-envelope phase dynamics and noise analysis in octave-spanning Ti:sapphire lasers,” Opt. Express 14(6), 2497–2511 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] M. Y. Sander, J. Birge, A. Benedick, H. M. Crespo, and F. X. Kärtner, “Dynamics of dispersion managed octave-spanning titanium:sapphire lasers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26(4), 743–749 (2009). [CrossRef]

[17] M. Y. Sander, H. M. Crespo, J. R. Birge, and F. X. Kärtner, “Modeling of octave-spanning sub-two-cycle titanium:sapphire lasers: Simulation and Experiment,” Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, (European Physical Society and Optical Society of America, 2008), THUIIIc.

[18] H. M. Crespo, J. R. Birge, M. Y. Sander, E. L. Falcão-Filho, A. Benedick, and F. X. Kärtner, “Phase stabilization of sub-two-cycle pulses from prismless octave-spanning Ti:sapphire lasers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25(7), B147–B154 (2008). [CrossRef]

[19] M. Y. Sander, and F. X. Kärtner, “Carrier-envelope phase dynamics of octave-spanning Titanium:sapphire lasers,” Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics (CLEO), Baltimore, MD, June 1–5, 2009, CMN4.

[20] G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Academic, 2007).

[21] T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, and T. W. Hänsch, “Optical frequency metrology,” Nature 416(6877), 233–237 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[22] T. R. Schibli, O. Kuzucu, J. Kim, E. P. Ippen, J. G. Fujimoto, F. X. Kaertner, V. Scheuer, and G. Angelow, “Toward single-cycle laser systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9(4), 990–1001 (2003). [CrossRef]

[23] H. A. Haus, I. Sorokina, and E. Sorokin, “Raman-induced redshift of ultrashort mode-locked laser pulses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15(1), 223–231 (1998). [CrossRef]

[24] I. T. Sorokina, E. Sorokin, E. Wintner, A. Cassanho, and H. P. Jenssen, “Raman induced pulse self-frequency shift in the sub-20 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Cr:LiSGaF and Cr:LiSAF lasers,” OSA TOPS 19, 359–361 (1998).

[25] V. L. Kalashnikov, E. Sorokin, and I. T. Sorokina, “Mechanisms of spectral shift in ultrashort-pulse laser oscillators,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18(11), 1732–1741 (2001). [CrossRef]

[26] S. P. S. Porto and R. S. Krishnan, “Raman effect of Corundum,” J. Chem. Phys. 47(3), 1009–1012 (1967). [CrossRef]

[27] M. Kadleikova, J. Breza, and M. Vesely, “Raman spectra of synthetic sapphire,” Microelectron. J. 32(12), 955–958 (2001). [CrossRef]

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Carrier-envelope phase dynamics of octave-spanning dispersion-managed Ti: sapphire lasers