Broad emission band of Yb<sup>3+</sup> in the nonlinear Nb:RbTiOPO<sub>4</sub> crystal: origin and applications

doi:10.1364/OE.18.007228

Broad emission band of Yb³⁺ in the nonlinear Nb:RbTiOPO₄ crystal: origin and applications

J. J. Carvajal, G. Ciatto, X. Mateos, A. Schmidt, U. Griebner, V. Petrov, G. Boulon, A. Brenier, A. Peña, M. C. Pujol, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 7, pp. 7228-7242 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.007228

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Abstract

By means of micro-structural and optical characterization of the Yb:Nb:RbTiOPO₄ crystal, we demonstrated that the broad emission band of Yb³⁺ in these crystals is due to the large splitting of the ytterbium ground state only, and not to a complex multisite occupation by the ytterbium ions in the crystals. We used this broad emission band to demonstrate wide laser tuning range and generation of femtosecond laser pulses. Passive mode-locked laser operation has been realized by using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror, generating ultra short laser pulses of 155 fs, which were very stable in time, under Ti:sapphire laser pumping at 1053 nm.

OCIS Codes
(140.7090) Lasers and laser optics : Ultrafast lasers
(160.4330) Materials : Nonlinear optical materials

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: December 16, 2009
Revised Manuscript: February 25, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: March 2, 2010
Published: March 24, 2010

Citation
J. J. Carvajal, G. Ciatto, X. Mateos, A. Schmidt, U. Griebner, V. Petrov, G. Boulon, A. Brenier, A. Peña, M. C. Pujol, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, "Broad emission band of Yb³⁺ in the nonlinear Nb:RbTiOPO₄ crystal: origin and applications," Opt. Express 18, 7228-7242 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-7-7228

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References

A. Ishibashi, “II-VI blue-green light emitters,” J. Cryst. Growth 159(1-4), 555–565 (1996). [CrossRef]
S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, S. Nagahama, N. Iwasa, T. Yamada, T. Matsushita, H. Kiyoku, and Y. Sugimot, “InGaN-based multi-quantum-well-structure laser diodes,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35(Part 2, No. 1B), L74–L76 (1996). [CrossRef]
D. F. Eaton, “Nonlinear optical materials,” Science 253(5017), 281–287 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. H. Stolen and H. W. K. Tom, “Self-organized phase-matched harmonic generation in optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 12(8), 585–587 (1987). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Mizuuchi, K. Yamamoto, and T. Taniuchi, “Second-harmonic generation of blue light in a LiTaO3 waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(24), 2732–2734 (1991). [CrossRef]
X. Mateos, F. Güell, M. C. Pujol, M. A. Bursukova, and R. Solé, “Green luminescence of Er3+ in stoichiometric KYb(WO4)2 single crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 4510–4512 (2002). [CrossRef]
M. Oomen, “Upconversion in fluoride glass fibers,” Adv. Mater. 3(7-8), 403–406 (1991). [CrossRef]
A. Brenier, “The self-doubling and summing lasers: overview and modeling,” J. Lumin. 91(3-4), 121–132 (2000). [CrossRef]
R. Solé, V. Nikolov, I. Koseva, P. Peshev, X. Ruiz, C. Zaldo, M. J. Martín, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, “Conditions and possibilities for rare-earth doping of KTiOPO4 flux-grown single crystals,” Chem. Mater. 9(12), 2745–2749 (1997). [CrossRef]
C. Zaldo, M. Rico, J. J. Carvajal, and F. Díaz, “Progress in crystal growth and characterisation of rare-earth doped non-linear KTP crystals for laser applications,” Opt. Mater. 13(1), 175–180 (1999). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal, V. Nikolov, R. Solé, J. Gavaldà, J. Massons, M. Rico, C. Zaldo, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, “Enhancement of the erbium concentration in RbTiOPO4 by codoping with niobium,” Chem. Mater. 12(10), 3171–3180 (2000). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal, V. Nikolov, R. Solé, J. Gavaldà, J. Massons, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, “Crystallization region, crystal growth, and characterization of rubidium titanyl phosphate codoped with niobium and lanthanide ions,” Chem. Mater. 14(7), 3136–3142 (2002). [CrossRef]
A. Peña, J. J. Carvajal, M. C. Pujol, X. Mateos, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, V. Petrov, P. Segonds, and B. Boulanger, “Yb(3+) spectroscopy in (Nb or Ta):RbTiOPO(4) single crystals for laser applications,” Opt. Express 15(22), 14580–14590 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
L. K. Cheng, J. D. Bierlein, and A. A. Ballman, “Crystal growth of KTiOPO4 isomorphs from tungstate and molybdate fluxes,” J. Cryst. Growth 110(4), 697–703 (1991). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal, R. Solé, J. Gavaldà, J. Massons, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, “Crystal growth of RbTiOPO4:Nb: a new nonlinear optical host for rare earth doping,” Cryst. Growth Des. 1(6), 479–484 (2001). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal, C. F. Woensdregt, R. Solé, F. Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Change in morphology of RbTiOPO4 introduced by the presence of Nb,” Cryst. Growth Des. 6(12), 2667–2673 (2006). [CrossRef]
J. L. Pouchou and F. Pichoir, “New model quantitative x-ray microanalysis, I. Application to the analysis of homogenous samples,” Rech. Aerosp. 3, 13–38 (1984).
X. Mateos, V. Petrov, A. Peña, J. J. Carvajal, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, P. Segonds, and B. Boulanger, “Laser operation of Yb3+ in the acentric RbTiOPO4 codoped with Nb5+.,” Opt. Lett. 32(13), 1929–1931 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Filipponi, M. Borowski, D. T. Bowron, S. Ansell, A. D. Cicco, S. D. Panfilis, and J. P. Itié, “An experimental station for advanced research on condensed matter under extreme conditions at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility-BM29 beamline,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71(6), 2422–2432 (2000). [CrossRef]
J. Jaklevic, J. A. Kirby, M. P. Klein, A. S. Robertson, G. S. Brown, and P. Eisenberger, “Fluorescence detection of exafs: sensitivity enhancement for dilute species and thin films,” Solid State Commun. 23(9), 679–682 (1977). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal, J. L. García-Muñoz, R. Solé, J. Gavaldà, X. Massons, F. Solans, Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Charge self-compensation in the non-linear optical crystals Rb0.855Ti0.955Nb0.045OPO4 and RbTi0.927Nb0.056Er0.017OPO4,” Chem. Mater. 15(12), 2338–2345 (2003). [CrossRef]
A. L. Ankudinov, B. Ravel, J. J. Rehr, and S. D. Conradson, “Real-space multiple-scattering calculation and interpretation of x-ray absorption near-edge structure,” Phys. Rev. B 58(12), 7565–7576 (1998). [CrossRef]
B. Ravel and M. Newville, “ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT,” J. Synchrotron Radiat. 12( 4), 537–541 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. A. Thomas, S. C. Mayo, and B. E. Watts, “Crystal structures of RbTiOAsO4, KTiO(P0.58, As0.42)O4, RbTiOPO4 and (Rb0.465, K0.535)TiOPO4, and analysis of pseudosymmetry in crystals of the KTiOPO4 family,” Acta Crystallogr. B 48(4), 401–407 (1992). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal and R. Solé, “A new self-doubling material: RbTiOPO4:(Nb,Ln),” Opt. Mater. 24(1-2), 425–430 (2003). [CrossRef]
M. Vaccari and P. Fornasini, “Einstein and Debye models for EXAFS parallel and perpendicular mean-square relative displacements,” J. Synchrotron Radiat. 13(4), 321–325 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. J. Carvajal, G. Ciatto, A. Peña, M. C. Pujol, J. Gavaldà, F. Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Lattice location and short range ordering of doping ions in RbTiOPO4,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(6), 061908 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal, J. L. García-Muñoz, and R. Solé, “Selective distribution of dopants among MO6 octahedra in RbTi0.927Nb0.056Er0.017OPO4: a neutron diffraction study,” J. Solid State Chem. 171(1-2), 257–261 (2003). [CrossRef]
R. Ternane, G. Boulon, Y. Guyot, M. T. Cohen-Adad, M. Trabelsi-Ayedi, and N. Kbir-Ariguib, “Crystal growth, structural and spectroscopic characterization of undoped and Yb3+-doped oxyboroapatite fibers,” Opt. Mater. 22(2), 117–128 (2003). [CrossRef]
G. Boulon, A. Collombet, A. Brenier, M. T. Cohen-Adad, A. Yoshikawa, K. Lebbou, J. Lee, and T. Fukuda, “Structural and spectroscopic characterization of nominal Yb3+:Ca8La2(PO4)6O2 oxyapatite subgle crystal fibers grown by the micro-pulling-down method,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 11(4), 263–270 (2001). [CrossRef]
G. Boulon, A. Brenier, L. Laversenne, Y. Guyot, C. Goutaudier, M. T. Cohen-Adad, G. Métrat, and N. Muhlstein, “Search of optimized trivalent ytterbium doped-inorganic crystals for laser applications,” J. Alloy. Comp. 341(1-2), 2–7 (2002). [CrossRef]
V. V. Ovsyankin, Spectroscopy of Solids Containing Rare Earth Ions (Elsevier Science, 1987).
J. J. Carvajal and R. Solé, “Spectroscopic and second harmonic generation properties of a new crystal: Yb-doped RbTiOPO4,” Opt. Mater. 26(3), 313–317 (2004). [CrossRef]
A. Peña, J. J. Carvajal, J. Massons, J. Gavaldà, F. Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Yb:Ta:RbTiOPO4, a new strategy to further increase the lanthanide concentration in crystals of the KTiOPO4 family,” Chem. Mater. 19(16), 4069–4076 (2007). [CrossRef]

Aguiló, M.
Ankudinov, A. L.
Ansell, S.
Ballman, A. A.
Bierlein, J. D.
Borowski, M.
Boulanger, B.
Boulon, G.
Bowron, D. T.
Brenier, A.
Brown, G. S.
Bursukova, M. A.
Carvajal, J. J.
Cheng, L. K.
Ciatto, G.
Cicco, A. D.
Cohen-Adad, M. T.
Collombet, A.
Conradson, S. D.
Díaz,
Díaz, F.
Eaton, D. F.
Eisenberger, P.
Filipponi, A.
Fornasini, P.
Fukuda, T.
García-Muñoz, J. L.
Gavaldà, J.
Goutaudier, C.
Güell, F.
Guyot, Y.
Ishibashi, A.
Itié, J. P.
Iwasa, N.
Jaklevic, J.
Kbir-Ariguib, N.
Kirby, J. A.
Kiyoku, H.
Klein, M. P.
Koseva, I.
Laversenne, L.
Lebbou, K.
Lee, J.
Martín, M. J.
Massons, J.
Massons, X.
Mateos, X.
Matsushita, T.
Mayo, S. C.
Métrat, G.
Mizuuchi, K.
Muhlstein, N.
Nagahama, S.
Nakamura, S.
Newville, M.
Nikolov, V.
Oomen, M.
Panfilis, S. D.
Peña, A.
Peshev, P.
Petrov, V.
Pichoir, F.
Pouchou, J. L.
Pujol, M. C.
Ravel, B.
Rehr, J. J.
Rico, M.
Robertson, A. S.
Ruiz, X.
Segonds, P.
Senoh, M.
Solans, F.
Solé, R.
Stolen, R. H.
Sugimot, Y.
Taniuchi, T.
Ternane, R.
Thomas, P. A.
Tom, H. W. K.
Trabelsi-Ayedi, M.
Vaccari, M.
Watts, B. E.
Woensdregt, C. F.
Yamada, T.
Yamamoto, K.
Yoshikawa, A.
Zaldo, C.

Acta Crystallogr. B

P. A. Thomas, S. C. Mayo, and B. E. Watts, “Crystal structures of RbTiOAsO4, KTiO(P0.58, As0.42)O4, RbTiOPO4 and (Rb0.465, K0.535)TiOPO4, and analysis of pseudosymmetry in crystals of the KTiOPO4 family,” Acta Crystallogr. B 48(4), 401–407 (1992). [CrossRef]

Adv. Funct. Mater.

G. Boulon, A. Collombet, A. Brenier, M. T. Cohen-Adad, A. Yoshikawa, K. Lebbou, J. Lee, and T. Fukuda, “Structural and spectroscopic characterization of nominal Yb3+:Ca8La2(PO4)6O2 oxyapatite subgle crystal fibers grown by the micro-pulling-down method,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 11(4), 263–270 (2001). [CrossRef]

Adv. Mater.

M. Oomen, “Upconversion in fluoride glass fibers,” Adv. Mater. 3(7-8), 403–406 (1991). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

K. Mizuuchi, K. Yamamoto, and T. Taniuchi, “Second-harmonic generation of blue light in a LiTaO3 waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(24), 2732–2734 (1991). [CrossRef]
X. Mateos, F. Güell, M. C. Pujol, M. A. Bursukova, and R. Solé, “Green luminescence of Er3+ in stoichiometric KYb(WO4)2 single crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 4510–4512 (2002). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal, G. Ciatto, A. Peña, M. C. Pujol, J. Gavaldà, F. Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Lattice location and short range ordering of doping ions in RbTiOPO4,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(6), 061908 (2009). [CrossRef]

Chem. Mater.

J. J. Carvajal, J. L. García-Muñoz, R. Solé, J. Gavaldà, X. Massons, F. Solans, Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Charge self-compensation in the non-linear optical crystals Rb0.855Ti0.955Nb0.045OPO4 and RbTi0.927Nb0.056Er0.017OPO4,” Chem. Mater. 15(12), 2338–2345 (2003). [CrossRef]
A. Peña, J. J. Carvajal, J. Massons, J. Gavaldà, F. Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Yb:Ta:RbTiOPO4, a new strategy to further increase the lanthanide concentration in crystals of the KTiOPO4 family,” Chem. Mater. 19(16), 4069–4076 (2007). [CrossRef]
R. Solé, V. Nikolov, I. Koseva, P. Peshev, X. Ruiz, C. Zaldo, M. J. Martín, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, “Conditions and possibilities for rare-earth doping of KTiOPO4 flux-grown single crystals,” Chem. Mater. 9(12), 2745–2749 (1997). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal, V. Nikolov, R. Solé, J. Gavaldà, J. Massons, M. Rico, C. Zaldo, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, “Enhancement of the erbium concentration in RbTiOPO4 by codoping with niobium,” Chem. Mater. 12(10), 3171–3180 (2000). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal, V. Nikolov, R. Solé, J. Gavaldà, J. Massons, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, “Crystallization region, crystal growth, and characterization of rubidium titanyl phosphate codoped with niobium and lanthanide ions,” Chem. Mater. 14(7), 3136–3142 (2002). [CrossRef]

Cryst. Growth Des.

J. J. Carvajal, R. Solé, J. Gavaldà, J. Massons, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, “Crystal growth of RbTiOPO4:Nb: a new nonlinear optical host for rare earth doping,” Cryst. Growth Des. 1(6), 479–484 (2001). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal, C. F. Woensdregt, R. Solé, F. Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Change in morphology of RbTiOPO4 introduced by the presence of Nb,” Cryst. Growth Des. 6(12), 2667–2673 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Alloy. Comp.

G. Boulon, A. Brenier, L. Laversenne, Y. Guyot, C. Goutaudier, M. T. Cohen-Adad, G. Métrat, and N. Muhlstein, “Search of optimized trivalent ytterbium doped-inorganic crystals for laser applications,” J. Alloy. Comp. 341(1-2), 2–7 (2002). [CrossRef]

J. Cryst. Growth

L. K. Cheng, J. D. Bierlein, and A. A. Ballman, “Crystal growth of KTiOPO4 isomorphs from tungstate and molybdate fluxes,” J. Cryst. Growth 110(4), 697–703 (1991). [CrossRef]
A. Ishibashi, “II-VI blue-green light emitters,” J. Cryst. Growth 159(1-4), 555–565 (1996). [CrossRef]

J. Lumin.

A. Brenier, “The self-doubling and summing lasers: overview and modeling,” J. Lumin. 91(3-4), 121–132 (2000). [CrossRef]

J. Solid State Chem.

J. J. Carvajal, J. L. García-Muñoz, and R. Solé, “Selective distribution of dopants among MO6 octahedra in RbTi0.927Nb0.056Er0.017OPO4: a neutron diffraction study,” J. Solid State Chem. 171(1-2), 257–261 (2003). [CrossRef]

J. Synchrotron Radiat.

B. Ravel and M. Newville, “ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT,” J. Synchrotron Radiat. 12( 4), 537–541 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Vaccari and P. Fornasini, “Einstein and Debye models for EXAFS parallel and perpendicular mean-square relative displacements,” J. Synchrotron Radiat. 13(4), 321–325 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

S. Nakamura, M. Senoh, S. Nagahama, N. Iwasa, T. Yamada, T. Matsushita, H. Kiyoku, and Y. Sugimot, “InGaN-based multi-quantum-well-structure laser diodes,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35(Part 2, No. 1B), L74–L76 (1996). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

A. Peña, J. J. Carvajal, M. C. Pujol, X. Mateos, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, V. Petrov, P. Segonds, and B. Boulanger, “Yb(3+) spectroscopy in (Nb or Ta):RbTiOPO(4) single crystals for laser applications,” Opt. Express 15(22), 14580–14590 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

Opt. Mater.

C. Zaldo, M. Rico, J. J. Carvajal, and F. Díaz, “Progress in crystal growth and characterisation of rare-earth doped non-linear KTP crystals for laser applications,” Opt. Mater. 13(1), 175–180 (1999). [CrossRef]
R. Ternane, G. Boulon, Y. Guyot, M. T. Cohen-Adad, M. Trabelsi-Ayedi, and N. Kbir-Ariguib, “Crystal growth, structural and spectroscopic characterization of undoped and Yb3+-doped oxyboroapatite fibers,” Opt. Mater. 22(2), 117–128 (2003). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal and R. Solé, “A new self-doubling material: RbTiOPO4:(Nb,Ln),” Opt. Mater. 24(1-2), 425–430 (2003). [CrossRef]
J. J. Carvajal and R. Solé, “Spectroscopic and second harmonic generation properties of a new crystal: Yb-doped RbTiOPO4,” Opt. Mater. 26(3), 313–317 (2004). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. B

A. L. Ankudinov, B. Ravel, J. J. Rehr, and S. D. Conradson, “Real-space multiple-scattering calculation and interpretation of x-ray absorption near-edge structure,” Phys. Rev. B 58(12), 7565–7576 (1998). [CrossRef]

Rech. Aerosp.

J. L. Pouchou and F. Pichoir, “New model quantitative x-ray microanalysis, I. Application to the analysis of homogenous samples,” Rech. Aerosp. 3, 13–38 (1984).

Rev. Sci. Instrum.

A. Filipponi, M. Borowski, D. T. Bowron, S. Ansell, A. D. Cicco, S. D. Panfilis, and J. P. Itié, “An experimental station for advanced research on condensed matter under extreme conditions at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility-BM29 beamline,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71(6), 2422–2432 (2000). [CrossRef]

Science

D. F. Eaton, “Nonlinear optical materials,” Science 253(5017), 281–287 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Solid State Commun.

J. Jaklevic, J. A. Kirby, M. P. Klein, A. S. Robertson, G. S. Brown, and P. Eisenberger, “Fluorescence detection of exafs: sensitivity enhancement for dilute species and thin films,” Solid State Commun. 23(9), 679–682 (1977). [CrossRef]

Other

V. V. Ovsyankin, Spectroscopy of Solids Containing Rare Earth Ions (Elsevier Science, 1987).

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