Optically switchable, rapidly relaxing cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors

doi:10.1364/OE.18.009651

Optically switchable, rapidly relaxing cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors

Uladzimir A. Hrozhyk, Svetlana V. Serak, Nelson V. Tabiryan, Timothy J. White, and Timothy J. Bunning »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 9, pp. 9651-9657 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.009651

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Abstract

Reversible, fast, all-optical switching of the reflection of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) is demonstrated in a formulation doped with push-pull azobenzene dyes. The reflection of the photosensitive CLC compositions is optically switched by exposure to 488 and 532 nm CW lasers as well as ns pulsed 532 nm irradiation. Laser-directed optical switching of the reflection of the CLC compositions occurs rapidly, within a few hundred milliseconds for the CW laser lines examined here. Also observed is optical switching on the order of tens of nanoseconds when the CLC is exposed to a single nanosecond pulse with 0.2 J/cm² energy density. The rapid cis-trans isomerization typical of push-pull azobenzene dye is used for the first time to rapidly restore the reflection of the CLC from a photoinduced isotropic state within seconds after cessation of light exposure.

OCIS Codes
(160.3710) Materials : Liquid crystals
(190.4400) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics, materials
(230.3990) Optical devices : Micro-optical devices
(260.5130) Physical optics : Photochemistry

ToC Category:
Optical Devices

History
Original Manuscript: February 23, 2010
Revised Manuscript: March 19, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: March 28, 2010
Published: April 23, 2010

Citation
Uladzimir A. Hrozhyk, Svetlana V. Serak, Nelson V. Tabiryan, Timothy J. White, and Timothy J. Bunning, "Optically switchable, rapidly relaxing cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors," Opt. Express 18, 9651-9657 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-9-9651

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References

W. Haas, J. Adams, and J. Wysocki, “Interaction between UV radiation and cholesteric liquid crystals,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 7(1), 371–379 (1969). [CrossRef]
E. Sackman, “Photochemically induced reversible color changes in cholesteric liquid crystals,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93(25), 7088–7090 (1971). [CrossRef]
H. Rau, “Photoisomerization of azobenzenes,” in Photochemistry and Photophysics, F. J. Rebek, ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, 1990).
S. Kurihara, T. Kanda, T. Nagase, and T. Nonaka, “Photochemical color switching behavior of induced cholesteric liquid crystals for polarizer free liquid crystalline devices,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(15), 2081–2083 (1998). [CrossRef]
K. Shirota, K. Tachibana, and I. Yamaguchi, “Optical control of the pitch in cholesteric liquid crystals,” Proc. SPIE 3740, 372–375 (1999). [CrossRef]
H.-K. Lee, K. Doi, H. Keina, H. Harada, O. Tsutsumi, A. Kanazawa, T. Shiono, and T. Ikeda, “Photochemical modulation of color and transmittance in chiral nematic liquid crystal containing an azobenzene as a photosensitive chromophore,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(30), 7023–7028 (2000). [CrossRef]
C. Ruslim and K. Ichimura, “Conformational effect on macroscopic chirality modification of cholesteric mesophases by photochromic azobenzene dopants,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(28), 6529–6535 (2000). [CrossRef]
N. Tamaoki, “Cholesteric liquid crystals for colour information technology,” Adv. Mater. 13(15), 1135–1147 (2001). [CrossRef]
G. Chilaya, “Cholesteric liquid crystals: optics, electrooptics and photooptics”, in “Chirality in Lliquid Crystals”, Ch. Bahr and H. Kitzerow, eds (Springer Verlag, New York, 2000).
A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, and D. Sikharulidze, “Light induced effects in cholesteric mixtures with a photosensitive nematic host,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 409(1), 209–218 (2004). [CrossRef]
U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Optical tuning of the reflection of azobenzene liquid crystal doped cholesterics,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 1735–1742 (2007). [CrossRef]
U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Photoinduced isotropic state of cholesteric liquid crystals: novel dynamic photonic materials,” Adv. Mater. 19(20), 3244–3247 (2007). [CrossRef]
T. J. White, R. L. Bricker, L. V. Natarajan, N. V. Tabiryan, L. Green, Q. Li, and T. J. Bunning, “„Phototunable azobenzene cholesteric liquid c rystal with 2000 nm range,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(21), 1–5 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. V. Serak, E. O. Arikainen, H. F. Gleeson, V. A. Grozhik, J.-P. Guillou, and N. A. Usova, “Laser-induced concentric colour domains in a cholesteric liquid crystal mixture containing a nematic azobenzene dopant,” Liq. Cryst. 29(1), 19–26 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Nonlinear transmission of photosensitive cholesteric liquid crystals due to spectral bandwidth auto-tuning or restoration,” J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 16(04), 471–483 (2007). [CrossRef]
U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Phototunable reflection notches of cholesteric liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(6), 1–7 (2008). [CrossRef]
S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, G. Chilaya, A. Chanishvili, and G. Petriashvili, “Chiral azobenzene nematics phototunable with a green laser beam,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 488, 42–55 (2008). [CrossRef]
N. Tabiryan, U. Hrozhyk, and S. Serak, “Nonlinear refraction in photoinduced isotropic state of liquid crystalline azobenzenes,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(11), 1–4 (2004). [CrossRef]
U. Hrozhyk, S. Serak, N. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Wide temperature range azobenzene nematic and smectic LC materials,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 454(1), 235–245 (2006). [CrossRef]
T. J. White, R. L. Bricker, L. V. Natarajan, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Polymer stabilization of phototunable cholesteric liquid crystals,” Soft. Mater. 5(19), 3623–3628 (2009). [CrossRef]
D. G. Whitten, P. D. Wildes, J. G. Pacifici, and G. Irick., “Solvent and substituent on the thermal isomerization of substituted azobenzenes. Flash spectroscopic study,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93(8), 2004–2008 (1971). [CrossRef]
O. Tsutsumi, A. Kanazawa, T. Shiono, T. Ikeda, and L.-S. Park, “„Photoinduced phase transition of nematic liquid crystals with donor-acceptor azobenzenes: mechanism of the thermal recovery of the nematic phase,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1(18), 4219–4224 (1999). [CrossRef]
U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, L. Hoke, D. M. Steeves, B. Kimball, and G. Kedziora, “Systematic study of absorption spectra of donor–acceptor azobenzene mesogenic structures,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 489, 257–272 (2008). [CrossRef]
U. Hrozhyk, S. Serak, N. Tabiryan, D. Steeves, L. Hoke, and B. Kimball, “Azobenzene liquid crystals for fast reversible optical switching and enhanced sensitivity for visible wavelengths,” Proc. SPIE 7414, 74140L–1-15 (2009).
U. Hrozhyk, S. Nersisyan, S. Serak, N. Tabiryan, L. Hoke, D. M. Steeves, and B. R. Kimball, “Optical switching of liquid-crystal polarization gratings with nanosecond pulses,” Opt. Lett. 34(17), 2554–2556 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. M. Osgood, D. M. Steeves, L. E. Belton, J. R. Welch, R. Nagarajan, C. Quigley, G. F. Walsh, N. V. Tabiryan, S. Serak, and B. R. Kimball, “Optical properties of nanoparticle-doped azobenzene liquid crystals,” Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 20, 1–7 (2009).
I.-C. Khoo, J.-H. Park, and J. D. Liou, “Theory and experimental studies of all-optical transmission switching in a twist-alignment dye-doped nematic liquid crystal,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25(11), 1931–1937 (2008). [CrossRef]

Adams, J.
Arikainen, E. O.
Belton, L. E.
Bricker, R. L.
Bunning, T. J.
Chanishvili, A.
Chilaya, G.
Doi, K.
Gleeson, H. F.
Green, L.
Grozhik, V. A.
Guillou, J.-P.
Haas, W.
Harada, H.
Hoke, L.
Hrozhyk, U.
Hrozhyk, U. A.
Ichimura, K.
Ikeda, T.
Irick, G.
Kanazawa, A.
Kanda, T.
Kedziora, G.
Keina, H.
Khoo, I.-C.
Kimball, B.
Kimball, B. R.
Kurihara, S.
Lee, H.-K.
Li, Q.
Liou, J. D.
Nagarajan, R.
Nagase, T.
Natarajan, L. V.
Nersisyan, S.
Nonaka, T.
Osgood, R. M.
Pacifici, J. G.
Park, J.-H.
Park, L.-S.
Petriashvili, G.
Quigley, C.
Ruslim, C.
Sackman, E.
Serak, S.
Serak, S. V.
Shiono, T.
Shirota, K.
Sikharulidze, D.
Steeves, D. M.
Tabiryan, N.
Tabiryan, N. V.
Tachibana, K.
Tamaoki, N.
Tsutsumi, O.
Usova, N. A.
Walsh, G. F.
Welch, J. R.
White, T. J.
Whitten, D. G.
Wildes, P. D.
Wysocki, J.
Yamaguchi, I.

Adv. Funct. Mater.

U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Optical tuning of the reflection of azobenzene liquid crystal doped cholesterics,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 1735–1742 (2007). [CrossRef]
T. J. White, R. L. Bricker, L. V. Natarajan, N. V. Tabiryan, L. Green, Q. Li, and T. J. Bunning, “„Phototunable azobenzene cholesteric liquid c rystal with 2000 nm range,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(21), 1–5 (2009). [CrossRef]

Adv. Mater.

U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Photoinduced isotropic state of cholesteric liquid crystals: novel dynamic photonic materials,” Adv. Mater. 19(20), 3244–3247 (2007). [CrossRef]
N. Tamaoki, “Cholesteric liquid crystals for colour information technology,” Adv. Mater. 13(15), 1135–1147 (2001). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

S. Kurihara, T. Kanda, T. Nagase, and T. Nonaka, “Photochemical color switching behavior of induced cholesteric liquid crystals for polarizer free liquid crystalline devices,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(15), 2081–2083 (1998). [CrossRef]

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

E. Sackman, “Photochemically induced reversible color changes in cholesteric liquid crystals,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93(25), 7088–7090 (1971). [CrossRef]
D. G. Whitten, P. D. Wildes, J. G. Pacifici, and G. Irick., “Solvent and substituent on the thermal isomerization of substituted azobenzenes. Flash spectroscopic study,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93(8), 2004–2008 (1971). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Phototunable reflection notches of cholesteric liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(6), 1–7 (2008). [CrossRef]

J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater.

S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Nonlinear transmission of photosensitive cholesteric liquid crystals due to spectral bandwidth auto-tuning or restoration,” J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 16(04), 471–483 (2007). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

I.-C. Khoo, J.-H. Park, and J. D. Liou, “Theory and experimental studies of all-optical transmission switching in a twist-alignment dye-doped nematic liquid crystal,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25(11), 1931–1937 (2008). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem. B

H.-K. Lee, K. Doi, H. Keina, H. Harada, O. Tsutsumi, A. Kanazawa, T. Shiono, and T. Ikeda, “Photochemical modulation of color and transmittance in chiral nematic liquid crystal containing an azobenzene as a photosensitive chromophore,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(30), 7023–7028 (2000). [CrossRef]
C. Ruslim and K. Ichimura, “Conformational effect on macroscopic chirality modification of cholesteric mesophases by photochromic azobenzene dopants,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(28), 6529–6535 (2000). [CrossRef]

Liq. Cryst.

S. V. Serak, E. O. Arikainen, H. F. Gleeson, V. A. Grozhik, J.-P. Guillou, and N. A. Usova, “Laser-induced concentric colour domains in a cholesteric liquid crystal mixture containing a nematic azobenzene dopant,” Liq. Cryst. 29(1), 19–26 (2002). [CrossRef]

Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.

R. M. Osgood, D. M. Steeves, L. E. Belton, J. R. Welch, R. Nagarajan, C. Quigley, G. F. Walsh, N. V. Tabiryan, S. Serak, and B. R. Kimball, “Optical properties of nanoparticle-doped azobenzene liquid crystals,” Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 20, 1–7 (2009).

Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.)

U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, L. Hoke, D. M. Steeves, B. Kimball, and G. Kedziora, “Systematic study of absorption spectra of donor–acceptor azobenzene mesogenic structures,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 489, 257–272 (2008). [CrossRef]
U. Hrozhyk, S. Serak, N. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Wide temperature range azobenzene nematic and smectic LC materials,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 454(1), 235–245 (2006). [CrossRef]
S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, G. Chilaya, A. Chanishvili, and G. Petriashvili, “Chiral azobenzene nematics phototunable with a green laser beam,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 488, 42–55 (2008). [CrossRef]
W. Haas, J. Adams, and J. Wysocki, “Interaction between UV radiation and cholesteric liquid crystals,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 7(1), 371–379 (1969). [CrossRef]
A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, and D. Sikharulidze, “Light induced effects in cholesteric mixtures with a photosensitive nematic host,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 409(1), 209–218 (2004). [CrossRef]

Opt. Lett.

U. Hrozhyk, S. Nersisyan, S. Serak, N. Tabiryan, L. Hoke, D. M. Steeves, and B. R. Kimball, “Optical switching of liquid-crystal polarization gratings with nanosecond pulses,” Opt. Lett. 34(17), 2554–2556 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

O. Tsutsumi, A. Kanazawa, T. Shiono, T. Ikeda, and L.-S. Park, “„Photoinduced phase transition of nematic liquid crystals with donor-acceptor azobenzenes: mechanism of the thermal recovery of the nematic phase,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1(18), 4219–4224 (1999). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

N. Tabiryan, U. Hrozhyk, and S. Serak, “Nonlinear refraction in photoinduced isotropic state of liquid crystalline azobenzenes,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(11), 1–4 (2004). [CrossRef]

Proc. SPIE

K. Shirota, K. Tachibana, and I. Yamaguchi, “Optical control of the pitch in cholesteric liquid crystals,” Proc. SPIE 3740, 372–375 (1999). [CrossRef]

Soft. Mater.

T. J. White, R. L. Bricker, L. V. Natarajan, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Polymer stabilization of phototunable cholesteric liquid crystals,” Soft. Mater. 5(19), 3623–3628 (2009). [CrossRef]

Other

U. Hrozhyk, S. Serak, N. Tabiryan, D. Steeves, L. Hoke, and B. Kimball, “Azobenzene liquid crystals for fast reversible optical switching and enhanced sensitivity for visible wavelengths,” Proc. SPIE 7414, 74140L–1-15 (2009).
H. Rau, “Photoisomerization of azobenzenes,” in Photochemistry and Photophysics, F. J. Rebek, ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, 1990).
G. Chilaya, “Cholesteric liquid crystals: optics, electrooptics and photooptics”, in “Chirality in Lliquid Crystals”, Ch. Bahr and H. Kitzerow, eds (Springer Verlag, New York, 2000).

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[1] W. Haas, J. Adams, and J. Wysocki, “Interaction between UV radiation and cholesteric liquid crystals,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 7(1), 371–379 (1969). [CrossRef]

[2] E. Sackman, “Photochemically induced reversible color changes in cholesteric liquid crystals,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93(25), 7088–7090 (1971). [CrossRef]

[3] H. Rau, “Photoisomerization of azobenzenes,” in Photochemistry and Photophysics, F. J. Rebek, ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, 1990).

[4] S. Kurihara, T. Kanda, T. Nagase, and T. Nonaka, “Photochemical color switching behavior of induced cholesteric liquid crystals for polarizer free liquid crystalline devices,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(15), 2081–2083 (1998). [CrossRef]

[5] K. Shirota, K. Tachibana, and I. Yamaguchi, “Optical control of the pitch in cholesteric liquid crystals,” Proc. SPIE 3740, 372–375 (1999). [CrossRef]

[6] H.-K. Lee, K. Doi, H. Keina, H. Harada, O. Tsutsumi, A. Kanazawa, T. Shiono, and T. Ikeda, “Photochemical modulation of color and transmittance in chiral nematic liquid crystal containing an azobenzene as a photosensitive chromophore,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(30), 7023–7028 (2000). [CrossRef]

[7] C. Ruslim and K. Ichimura, “Conformational effect on macroscopic chirality modification of cholesteric mesophases by photochromic azobenzene dopants,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(28), 6529–6535 (2000). [CrossRef]

[8] N. Tamaoki, “Cholesteric liquid crystals for colour information technology,” Adv. Mater. 13(15), 1135–1147 (2001). [CrossRef]

[9] G. Chilaya, “Cholesteric liquid crystals: optics, electrooptics and photooptics”, in “Chirality in Lliquid Crystals”, Ch. Bahr and H. Kitzerow, eds (Springer Verlag, New York, 2000).

[10] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, and D. Sikharulidze, “Light induced effects in cholesteric mixtures with a photosensitive nematic host,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 409(1), 209–218 (2004). [CrossRef]

[11] U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Optical tuning of the reflection of azobenzene liquid crystal doped cholesterics,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 1735–1742 (2007). [CrossRef]

[12] U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Photoinduced isotropic state of cholesteric liquid crystals: novel dynamic photonic materials,” Adv. Mater. 19(20), 3244–3247 (2007). [CrossRef]

[13] T. J. White, R. L. Bricker, L. V. Natarajan, N. V. Tabiryan, L. Green, Q. Li, and T. J. Bunning, “„Phototunable azobenzene cholesteric liquid c rystal with 2000 nm range,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(21), 1–5 (2009). [CrossRef]

[14] S. V. Serak, E. O. Arikainen, H. F. Gleeson, V. A. Grozhik, J.-P. Guillou, and N. A. Usova, “Laser-induced concentric colour domains in a cholesteric liquid crystal mixture containing a nematic azobenzene dopant,” Liq. Cryst. 29(1), 19–26 (2002). [CrossRef]

[15] S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Nonlinear transmission of photosensitive cholesteric liquid crystals due to spectral bandwidth auto-tuning or restoration,” J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 16(04), 471–483 (2007). [CrossRef]

[16] U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Phototunable reflection notches of cholesteric liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(6), 1–7 (2008). [CrossRef]

[17] S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, G. Chilaya, A. Chanishvili, and G. Petriashvili, “Chiral azobenzene nematics phototunable with a green laser beam,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 488, 42–55 (2008). [CrossRef]

[18] N. Tabiryan, U. Hrozhyk, and S. Serak, “Nonlinear refraction in photoinduced isotropic state of liquid crystalline azobenzenes,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(11), 1–4 (2004). [CrossRef]

[19] U. Hrozhyk, S. Serak, N. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Wide temperature range azobenzene nematic and smectic LC materials,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 454(1), 235–245 (2006). [CrossRef]

[20] T. J. White, R. L. Bricker, L. V. Natarajan, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, and T. J. Bunning, “Polymer stabilization of phototunable cholesteric liquid crystals,” Soft. Mater. 5(19), 3623–3628 (2009). [CrossRef]

[21] D. G. Whitten, P. D. Wildes, J. G. Pacifici, and G. Irick., “Solvent and substituent on the thermal isomerization of substituted azobenzenes. Flash spectroscopic study,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93(8), 2004–2008 (1971). [CrossRef]

[22] O. Tsutsumi, A. Kanazawa, T. Shiono, T. Ikeda, and L.-S. Park, “„Photoinduced phase transition of nematic liquid crystals with donor-acceptor azobenzenes: mechanism of the thermal recovery of the nematic phase,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1(18), 4219–4224 (1999). [CrossRef]

[23] U. A. Hrozhyk, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, L. Hoke, D. M. Steeves, B. Kimball, and G. Kedziora, “Systematic study of absorption spectra of donor–acceptor azobenzene mesogenic structures,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 489, 257–272 (2008). [CrossRef]

[24] U. Hrozhyk, S. Serak, N. Tabiryan, D. Steeves, L. Hoke, and B. Kimball, “Azobenzene liquid crystals for fast reversible optical switching and enhanced sensitivity for visible wavelengths,” Proc. SPIE 7414, 74140L–1-15 (2009).

[25] U. Hrozhyk, S. Nersisyan, S. Serak, N. Tabiryan, L. Hoke, D. M. Steeves, and B. R. Kimball, “Optical switching of liquid-crystal polarization gratings with nanosecond pulses,” Opt. Lett. 34(17), 2554–2556 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[26] R. M. Osgood, D. M. Steeves, L. E. Belton, J. R. Welch, R. Nagarajan, C. Quigley, G. F. Walsh, N. V. Tabiryan, S. Serak, and B. R. Kimball, “Optical properties of nanoparticle-doped azobenzene liquid crystals,” Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 20, 1–7 (2009).

[27] I.-C. Khoo, J.-H. Park, and J. D. Liou, “Theory and experimental studies of all-optical transmission switching in a twist-alignment dye-doped nematic liquid crystal,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25(11), 1931–1937 (2008). [CrossRef]

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Optically switchable, rapidly relaxing cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors

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Abstract

References

Adv. Funct. Mater.

Adv. Mater.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

J. Appl. Phys.

J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater.

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

J. Phys. Chem. B

Liq. Cryst.

Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.

Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.)

Opt. Lett.

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Proc. SPIE

Soft. Mater.

Other

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