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Experimental demonstration of frequency pulling in single-pass free-electron lasersE. Allaria, G. De Ninno, and C. Spezzani »View Author Affiliations
E. Allaria,1
G. De Ninno,1,2,*
and C. Spezzani1
1Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5, Basovizza (Ts), Italy 2Nova Gorica University, Nova Gorica, Slovenia *Corresponding author: giovanni.deninno@elettra.trieste.it |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 11, pp. 10619-10624 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.010619
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Abstract
Frequency pulling is a well-known phenomenon in standard laser physics, leading to a shift of the laser frequency when the cavity and maximum gain frequencies are detuned. In this letter we present the first experimental demonstration of frequency pulling in single-pass free-electron lasers. Measurements are performed using the single-pass free-electron laser installed on the Elettra storage ring.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.0140) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers and laser optics
(140.2600) Lasers and laser optics : Free-electron lasers (FELs)
(190.0190) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: February 25, 2011
Revised Manuscript: April 18, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: April 24, 2011
Published: May 16, 2011
Citation
E. Allaria, G. De Ninno, and C. Spezzani, "Experimental demonstration of frequency pulling in single-pass free-electron lasers," Opt. Express 19, 10619-10624 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-11-10619
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References
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Abraham, T. O.
Allaria, E.
Antonsen, T. M.
Araki, T.
Babzien, M.
Bakos, J.S.
Benson, S. V.
Ben-Zvi, I.
Biedron, S. G.
Bonifacio, R.
Botineau, J.
Bougeard, M.
Bres, M.
Carre, B.
Casagrande, F.
Cautero, G.
Cherchioni, G.
Chu, T. S.
Chubar, O.
Coreno, M.
Couprie, M.-E.
Cundiff, S. T.
Curbis, F.
Danailov, M.
Danailov, M. B.
Danly, B. G.
De Ninno, G.
Demidovich, A.
Di Mauro, L. F.
Diviacco, B.
Doyuran, A.
Faillon, G.
Freund, H. P.
Galayda, J. N.
Garzella, D.
Gluskin, E.
Gobert, O.
Graves, W.
Hara, T.
Hartemann, F.
Inoue, S.
Ivanov, R. K.
Jagger, J.
Johnson, E.
Karantzoulis, E.
Kitamura, H.
Krinsky, S.
Labat, M.
Lambert, G.
Legorburu, P. P.
Leycuras, C.
Locatelli, A.
Madey, J. M. J.
Malone, R.
Mentes, T. O.
Menyuk, C. R.
Merdji, H.
Montes, C.
Mourier, G.
Nino, M. A.
Picholle, E.
Pierini, P.
Piovella, N.
Pittana, P.
Pogorelsky, I.
Rakowsky, G.
Romanzin, L.
Sajaev, V.
Saldin, E. L.
Salieres, P.
Salvo Sousa, L.
Schibli, T. R.
Schneidmiller, E. V.
Sergo, R.
Shintake, T.
Siegman, A. E.
Sigalotti, P.
Skaritka, J.
Smith, R. P.
Solomon, L.
Spezzani, C.
Srlei, Z.
Suzuki, N.
Svelto, O.
Tahara, K.
Tanaka, Y.
Tanikawa, T.
Tar, J.
Temkin, R. J.
Tileva, S.
Trmeau, T.
Trovo, M.
Vasserman, I.
Wahlstrand, J.
Wang, X. J.
Willits, J.
Woodle, M.
Yakimenko, V.
Yokoyama, S.
Yu, L.-H.
Yurkov, M. V.
- T. O. Abraham, J.S. Bakos, Z. Srlei, and J. Tar, “Frequency pulling in optically-pumped FIR methanol lasers,” Infrared Phys. 25, 77–86 (1985). [CrossRef]
- E. Allaria, M. B. Danailov, and G. De Ninno, “Tunability of a seeded free-electron laser through frequency pulling,” Europhys. Lett. 89, 64005–64011 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. Spezzani, E. Allaria, G. Cautero, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, A. Demidovich, B. Diviacco, E. Karantzoulis, R. K. Ivanov, P. Pittana, L. Romanzin, R. Sergo, P. Sigalotti, S. Tileva, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Sub-picosecond coherent VUV source on the Elettra storage ring,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 596, 451–458 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. De Ninno, E. Allaria, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, E. Karantzoulis, A. Locatelli, T. O. Mentes, M. A. Nino, C. Spezzani, and M. Trovo, “Generation of ultrashort coherent vacuum ultraviolet pulses using electron storage rings: a new bright light source for experiments,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053902 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Allaria, F. Curbis, M. Coreno, M. Danailov, B. Diviacco, C. Spezzani, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic generation in planar and helical undulators,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 174801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Allaria and G. De Ninno, “Soft-x-ray coherent radiation using a single-cascade free-electron laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 014801 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. P. Freund and T. M. Antonsen, Principles of Free-electron Lasers (Chapman and Hall, 1992). [CrossRef]
- L.-H. Yu, M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, L. F. Di Mauro, A. Doyuran, W. Graves, E. Johnson, S. Krinsky, R. Malone, I. Pogorelsky, J. Skaritka, G. Rakowsky, L. Solomon, X. J. Wang, M. Woodle, V. Yakimenko, S. G. Biedron, J. N. Galayda, E. Gluskin, J. Jagger, V. Sajaev, and I. Vasserman, “High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser,” Science 289, 932–934 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. O. Abraham, J.S. Bakos, Z. Srlei, and J. Tar, “Frequency pulling in optically-pumped FIR methanol lasers,” Infrared Phys. 25, 77–86 (1985). [CrossRef]
- S. V. Benson and J. M. J. Madey, “Transverse mode frequency pulling in free electron lasers,” Opt. Commun. 56, 212–218 (1985). [CrossRef]
- L.-H. Yu, M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, L. F. Di Mauro, A. Doyuran, W. Graves, E. Johnson, S. Krinsky, R. Malone, I. Pogorelsky, J. Skaritka, G. Rakowsky, L. Solomon, X. J. Wang, M. Woodle, V. Yakimenko, S. G. Biedron, J. N. Galayda, E. Gluskin, J. Jagger, V. Sajaev, and I. Vasserman, “High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser,” Science 289, 932–934 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.-H. Yu, M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, L. F. Di Mauro, A. Doyuran, W. Graves, E. Johnson, S. Krinsky, R. Malone, I. Pogorelsky, J. Skaritka, G. Rakowsky, L. Solomon, X. J. Wang, M. Woodle, V. Yakimenko, S. G. Biedron, J. N. Galayda, E. Gluskin, J. Jagger, V. Sajaev, and I. Vasserman, “High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser,” Science 289, 932–934 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Bonifacio, F. Casagrande, G. Cherchioni, L. Salvo Sousa, P. Pierini, and N. Piovella, “Physics of the high-gain FEL and superradiance,” Riv. Nuovo Cimento 13, 1–69(1990). [CrossRef]
- J. Botineau, C. Leycuras, C. Montes, and E. Picholle, “Coherent modal analysis of a Brillouin fiber ring laser,” Opt. Commun. 109126–132 (1994). [CrossRef]
- G. Lambert, T. Hara, D. Garzella, T. Tanikawa, M. Labat, B. Carre, H. Kitamura, T. Shintake, M. Bougeard, S. Inoue, Y. Tanaka, P. Salieres, H. Merdji, O. Chubar, O. Gobert, K. Tahara, and M.-E. Couprie, “Injection of harmonics generated in gas in a free-electron laser providing intense and coherent extreme-ultraviolet light,” Nat. Phys. 889, 296–300 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. S. Chu, F. Hartemann, P. P. Legorburu, B. G. Danly, R. J. Temkin, G. Faillon, G. Mourier, T. Trmeau, and M. Bres, “High-power millimeter-wave Bragg free-electron maser oscillator experiments,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 318, 94–100 (1992). [CrossRef]
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- T. S. Chu, F. Hartemann, P. P. Legorburu, B. G. Danly, R. J. Temkin, G. Faillon, G. Mourier, T. Trmeau, and M. Bres, “High-power millimeter-wave Bragg free-electron maser oscillator experiments,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 318, 94–100 (1992). [CrossRef]
- G. Lambert, T. Hara, D. Garzella, T. Tanikawa, M. Labat, B. Carre, H. Kitamura, T. Shintake, M. Bougeard, S. Inoue, Y. Tanaka, P. Salieres, H. Merdji, O. Chubar, O. Gobert, K. Tahara, and M.-E. Couprie, “Injection of harmonics generated in gas in a free-electron laser providing intense and coherent extreme-ultraviolet light,” Nat. Phys. 889, 296–300 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. Spezzani, E. Allaria, G. Cautero, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, A. Demidovich, B. Diviacco, E. Karantzoulis, R. K. Ivanov, P. Pittana, L. Romanzin, R. Sergo, P. Sigalotti, S. Tileva, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Sub-picosecond coherent VUV source on the Elettra storage ring,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 596, 451–458 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. De Ninno, E. Allaria, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, E. Karantzoulis, A. Locatelli, T. O. Mentes, M. A. Nino, C. Spezzani, and M. Trovo, “Generation of ultrashort coherent vacuum ultraviolet pulses using electron storage rings: a new bright light source for experiments,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053902 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Allaria, F. Curbis, M. Coreno, M. Danailov, B. Diviacco, C. Spezzani, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic generation in planar and helical undulators,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 174801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Lambert, T. Hara, D. Garzella, T. Tanikawa, M. Labat, B. Carre, H. Kitamura, T. Shintake, M. Bougeard, S. Inoue, Y. Tanaka, P. Salieres, H. Merdji, O. Chubar, O. Gobert, K. Tahara, and M.-E. Couprie, “Injection of harmonics generated in gas in a free-electron laser providing intense and coherent extreme-ultraviolet light,” Nat. Phys. 889, 296–300 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. Spezzani, E. Allaria, G. Cautero, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, A. Demidovich, B. Diviacco, E. Karantzoulis, R. K. Ivanov, P. Pittana, L. Romanzin, R. Sergo, P. Sigalotti, S. Tileva, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Sub-picosecond coherent VUV source on the Elettra storage ring,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 596, 451–458 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. De Ninno, E. Allaria, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, E. Karantzoulis, A. Locatelli, T. O. Mentes, M. A. Nino, C. Spezzani, and M. Trovo, “Generation of ultrashort coherent vacuum ultraviolet pulses using electron storage rings: a new bright light source for experiments,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053902 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Allaria, F. Curbis, M. Coreno, M. Danailov, B. Diviacco, C. Spezzani, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic generation in planar and helical undulators,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 174801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Allaria, F. Curbis, M. Coreno, M. Danailov, B. Diviacco, C. Spezzani, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic generation in planar and helical undulators,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 174801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Allaria, M. B. Danailov, and G. De Ninno, “Tunability of a seeded free-electron laser through frequency pulling,” Europhys. Lett. 89, 64005–64011 (2010). [CrossRef]
- G. De Ninno, E. Allaria, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, E. Karantzoulis, A. Locatelli, T. O. Mentes, M. A. Nino, C. Spezzani, and M. Trovo, “Generation of ultrashort coherent vacuum ultraviolet pulses using electron storage rings: a new bright light source for experiments,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053902 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Spezzani, E. Allaria, G. Cautero, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, A. Demidovich, B. Diviacco, E. Karantzoulis, R. K. Ivanov, P. Pittana, L. Romanzin, R. Sergo, P. Sigalotti, S. Tileva, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Sub-picosecond coherent VUV source on the Elettra storage ring,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 596, 451–458 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. S. Chu, F. Hartemann, P. P. Legorburu, B. G. Danly, R. J. Temkin, G. Faillon, G. Mourier, T. Trmeau, and M. Bres, “High-power millimeter-wave Bragg free-electron maser oscillator experiments,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 318, 94–100 (1992). [CrossRef]
- E. Allaria, M. B. Danailov, and G. De Ninno, “Tunability of a seeded free-electron laser through frequency pulling,” Europhys. Lett. 89, 64005–64011 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. Spezzani, E. Allaria, G. Cautero, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, A. Demidovich, B. Diviacco, E. Karantzoulis, R. K. Ivanov, P. Pittana, L. Romanzin, R. Sergo, P. Sigalotti, S. Tileva, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Sub-picosecond coherent VUV source on the Elettra storage ring,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 596, 451–458 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. De Ninno, E. Allaria, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, E. Karantzoulis, A. Locatelli, T. O. Mentes, M. A. Nino, C. Spezzani, and M. Trovo, “Generation of ultrashort coherent vacuum ultraviolet pulses using electron storage rings: a new bright light source for experiments,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053902 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Allaria, F. Curbis, M. Coreno, M. Danailov, B. Diviacco, C. Spezzani, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic generation in planar and helical undulators,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 174801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Allaria and G. De Ninno, “Soft-x-ray coherent radiation using a single-cascade free-electron laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 014801 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Spezzani, E. Allaria, G. Cautero, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, A. Demidovich, B. Diviacco, E. Karantzoulis, R. K. Ivanov, P. Pittana, L. Romanzin, R. Sergo, P. Sigalotti, S. Tileva, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Sub-picosecond coherent VUV source on the Elettra storage ring,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 596, 451–458 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L.-H. Yu, M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, L. F. Di Mauro, A. Doyuran, W. Graves, E. Johnson, S. Krinsky, R. Malone, I. Pogorelsky, J. Skaritka, G. Rakowsky, L. Solomon, X. J. Wang, M. Woodle, V. Yakimenko, S. G. Biedron, J. N. Galayda, E. Gluskin, J. Jagger, V. Sajaev, and I. Vasserman, “High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser,” Science 289, 932–934 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Spezzani, E. Allaria, G. Cautero, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, A. Demidovich, B. Diviacco, E. Karantzoulis, R. K. Ivanov, P. Pittana, L. Romanzin, R. Sergo, P. Sigalotti, S. Tileva, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Sub-picosecond coherent VUV source on the Elettra storage ring,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 596, 451–458 (2008). [CrossRef]
- E. Allaria, F. Curbis, M. Coreno, M. Danailov, B. Diviacco, C. Spezzani, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic generation in planar and helical undulators,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 174801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.-H. Yu, M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, L. F. Di Mauro, A. Doyuran, W. Graves, E. Johnson, S. Krinsky, R. Malone, I. Pogorelsky, J. Skaritka, G. Rakowsky, L. Solomon, X. J. Wang, M. Woodle, V. Yakimenko, S. G. Biedron, J. N. Galayda, E. Gluskin, J. Jagger, V. Sajaev, and I. Vasserman, “High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser,” Science 289, 932–934 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. S. Chu, F. Hartemann, P. P. Legorburu, B. G. Danly, R. J. Temkin, G. Faillon, G. Mourier, T. Trmeau, and M. Bres, “High-power millimeter-wave Bragg free-electron maser oscillator experiments,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 318, 94–100 (1992). [CrossRef]
- H. P. Freund and T. M. Antonsen, Principles of Free-electron Lasers (Chapman and Hall, 1992). [CrossRef]
- L.-H. Yu, M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, L. F. Di Mauro, A. Doyuran, W. Graves, E. Johnson, S. Krinsky, R. Malone, I. Pogorelsky, J. Skaritka, G. Rakowsky, L. Solomon, X. J. Wang, M. Woodle, V. Yakimenko, S. G. Biedron, J. N. Galayda, E. Gluskin, J. Jagger, V. Sajaev, and I. Vasserman, “High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser,” Science 289, 932–934 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
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Opt. Commun.
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Opt. Express
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2010, Allaria, Europhys. Lett.
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- G. Lambert, T. Hara, D. Garzella, T. Tanikawa, M. Labat, B. Carre, H. Kitamura, T. Shintake, M. Bougeard, S. Inoue, Y. Tanaka, P. Salieres, H. Merdji, O. Chubar, O. Gobert, K. Tahara, and M.-E. Couprie, “Injection of harmonics generated in gas in a free-electron laser providing intense and coherent extreme-ultraviolet light,” Nat. Phys. 889, 296–300 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. Spezzani, E. Allaria, G. Cautero, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, A. Demidovich, B. Diviacco, E. Karantzoulis, R. K. Ivanov, P. Pittana, L. Romanzin, R. Sergo, P. Sigalotti, S. Tileva, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Sub-picosecond coherent VUV source on the Elettra storage ring,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 596, 451–458 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. De Ninno, E. Allaria, M. Coreno, F. Curbis, M. B. Danailov, E. Karantzoulis, A. Locatelli, T. O. Mentes, M. A. Nino, C. Spezzani, and M. Trovo, “Generation of ultrashort coherent vacuum ultraviolet pulses using electron storage rings: a new bright light source for experiments,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053902 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Allaria, F. Curbis, M. Coreno, M. Danailov, B. Diviacco, C. Spezzani, M. Trovo, and G. De Ninno, “Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic generation in planar and helical undulators,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 174801 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Allaria and G. De Ninno, “Soft-x-ray coherent radiation using a single-cascade free-electron laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 014801 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.-H. Yu, M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, L. F. Di Mauro, A. Doyuran, W. Graves, E. Johnson, S. Krinsky, R. Malone, I. Pogorelsky, J. Skaritka, G. Rakowsky, L. Solomon, X. J. Wang, M. Woodle, V. Yakimenko, S. G. Biedron, J. N. Galayda, E. Gluskin, J. Jagger, V. Sajaev, and I. Vasserman, “High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser,” Science 289, 932–934 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Botineau, C. Leycuras, C. Montes, and E. Picholle, “Coherent modal analysis of a Brillouin fiber ring laser,” Opt. Commun. 109126–132 (1994). [CrossRef]
- T. S. Chu, F. Hartemann, P. P. Legorburu, B. G. Danly, R. J. Temkin, G. Faillon, G. Mourier, T. Trmeau, and M. Bres, “High-power millimeter-wave Bragg free-electron maser oscillator experiments,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 318, 94–100 (1992). [CrossRef]
- R. Bonifacio, F. Casagrande, G. Cherchioni, L. Salvo Sousa, P. Pierini, and N. Piovella, “Physics of the high-gain FEL and superradiance,” Riv. Nuovo Cimento 13, 1–69(1990). [CrossRef]
- S. V. Benson and J. M. J. Madey, “Transverse mode frequency pulling in free electron lasers,” Opt. Commun. 56, 212–218 (1985). [CrossRef]
- T. O. Abraham, J.S. Bakos, Z. Srlei, and J. Tar, “Frequency pulling in optically-pumped FIR methanol lasers,” Infrared Phys. 25, 77–86 (1985). [CrossRef]
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