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Precipitation of silicon nanoclusters by laser direct-writeWaqas Mustafeez, Daeho Lee, Costas Grigoropoulos, and Alberto Salleo »View Author Affiliations
Waqas Mustafeez,1
Daeho Lee,2
Costas Grigoropoulos,2
and Alberto Salleo1,*
1Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford, CA 94305 USA 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA *Corresponding author: asalleo@stanford.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 16, pp. 15452-15458 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.015452
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Abstract
The ability to use a laser to direct-write tracks of localized emission enhancement in PECVD-deposited Silicon rich oxide (SRO) films is demonstrated. For this purpose, 400nm thick SRO films with varying excess Si content were irradiated with loosely focused 355nm, 12ps pulses at 80MHz while being translated at 2mm/s. Mapping of areas irradiated with energies between 4.7nJ and 5.5nJ/pulse exhibits regions with the largest emission enhancement. Raman and photoluminescence (PL) measurements suggest precipitation of amorphous and crystalline Si nanoclusters. In the most emissive regions, the PL efficiency of the laser-annealed films was ~70% of that obtained by standard oven-annealing processes. Stress in Si crystals in some areas is identified as leading to quenching of the PL and is hypothesized to be caused by the densification of SRO matrix.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.3390) Lasers and laser optics : Laser materials processing
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: March 24, 2011
Revised Manuscript: June 3, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: June 6, 2011
Published: July 28, 2011
Citation
Waqas Mustafeez, Daeho Lee, Costas Grigoropoulos, and Alberto Salleo, "Precipitation of silicon nanoclusters by laser direct-write," Opt. Express 19, 15452-15458 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-16-15452
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- G. Faraci, S. Gibilisco, P. Russo, A. R. Pennisi, and S. La Rosa, “Modified Raman confinement model for Si nanocrystals,” Phys. Rev. B 73(3), 033307 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. Ledoux, J. Gong, F. Huisken, O. Guillois, and C. Reynaud, “Photoluminescence of size-separated silicon nanocrystals: Confirmation of quantum confinement,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(25), 4834–4836 (2002). [CrossRef]
- B. Garrido, M. Lopez, O. Gonzalez, A. Perez-Rodriguez, J. R. Morante, and C. Bonafos, “Correlation between structural and optical properties of Si nanocrystals embedded in SiO[sub 2]: The mechanism of visible light emission,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(20), 3143–3145 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. Guha, M. D. Pace, D. N. Dunn, and I. L. Singer, “Visible light emission from Si nanocrystals grown by ion implantation and subsequent annealing,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70(10), 1207–1209 (1997). [CrossRef]
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- H. Xia, Y. L. He, L. C. Wang, W. Zhang, X. N. Liu, X. K. Zhang, D. Feng, and H. E. Jackson, “Phonon mode study of Si nanocrystals using micro-Raman spectroscopy,” J. Appl. Phys. 78(11), 6705–6708 (1995). [CrossRef]
- A. H. Nejadmalayeri, P. Scrutton, J. Mak, A. S. Helmy, P. R. Herman, J. Burghoff, S. Nolte, A. Tünnermann, and J. Kaspar, “Solid phase formation of silicon nanocrystals by bulk ultrafast laser-matter interaction,” Opt. Lett. 32(24), 3474–3476 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. H. Nejadmalayeri and P. R. Herman, “Rapid thermal annealing in high repetition rate ultrafast laser waveguide writing in lithium niobate,” Opt. Express 15(17), 10842–10854 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Huang and J. Kieffer, “Anomalous thermomechanical properties and laser-induced densification of vitreous silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141915 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. Ledoux, J. Gong, F. Huisken, O. Guillois, and C. Reynaud, “Photoluminescence of size-separated silicon nanocrystals: Confirmation of quantum confinement,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(25), 4834–4836 (2002). [CrossRef]
- N. Daldosso, G. Das, S. Larcheri, G. Mariotto, G. Dalba, L. Pavesi, A. Irrera, F. Priolo, F. Iacona, and F. Rocca, “Silicon nanocrystal formation in annealed silicon-rich silicon oxide films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition,” J. Appl. Phys. 101(11), 113510 (2007). [CrossRef]
- F. Iacona, C. Bongiorno, C. Spinella, S. Boninelli, and F. Priolo, “Formation and evolution of luminescent Si nanoclusters produced by thermal annealing of SiOx films,” J. Appl. Phys. 95(7), 3723–3732 (2004). [CrossRef]
- N. Daldosso, G. Das, S. Larcheri, G. Mariotto, G. Dalba, L. Pavesi, A. Irrera, F. Priolo, F. Iacona, and F. Rocca, “Silicon nanocrystal formation in annealed silicon-rich silicon oxide films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition,” J. Appl. Phys. 101(11), 113510 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Xia, Y. L. He, L. C. Wang, W. Zhang, X. N. Liu, X. K. Zhang, D. Feng, and H. E. Jackson, “Phonon mode study of Si nanocrystals using micro-Raman spectroscopy,” J. Appl. Phys. 78(11), 6705–6708 (1995). [CrossRef]
- R. J. Walters, J. Kalkman, A. Polman, H. A. Atwater, and M. J. A. de Dood, “Photoluminescence quantum efficiency of dense silicon nanocrystal ensembles in SiO_{2},” Phys. Rev. B 73(13), 132302 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. D. Kekatpure and M. L. Brongersma, “Quantification of free-carrier absorption in silicon nanocrystals with an optical microcavity,” Nano Lett. 8(11), 3787–3793 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Khriachtchev, M. Rasanen, and S. Novikov, “Laser-controlled stress of Si nanocrystals in a free-standing Si/SiO[sub 2] superlattice,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(1), 013102 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Huang and J. Kieffer, “Anomalous thermomechanical properties and laser-induced densification of vitreous silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(14), 141915 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. S. Cho, N. Park, T. Kim, K. Kim, G. Y. Sung, and J. H. Shin, “High efficiency visible electroluminescence from silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon nitride using a transparent doping layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(7), 071909 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. S. Cho, N. Park, T. Kim, K. Kim, G. Y. Sung, and J. H. Shin, “High efficiency visible electroluminescence from silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon nitride using a transparent doping layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(7), 071909 (2005). [CrossRef]
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