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Quantum entanglement distribution with 810 nm photons through active telecommunication fibersCatherine Holloway, Evan Meyer-Scott, Chris Erven, and Thomas Jennewein »View Author Affiliations
Catherine Holloway,*
Evan Meyer-Scott,
Chris Erven,
and Thomas Jennewein
Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave., West Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada *Corresponding author: c2hollow@iqc.ca |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 21, pp. 20597-20603 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.020597
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Abstract
We demonstrate the distribution of polarization-entangled photons for the purpose of quantum key distribution (QKD) along active telecom fibers. Entangled photon pairs of 810 nm wavelength generated by a Sagnac interferometer source were coupled into standard telecom single mode fibers. The fibers were either dark or carrying a standardized 1550 nm ethernet signals (1000BASE-ZX) with a nominal speed of 1 GBps from regular media converter devices, without any requirements on the optical power or spectrum transmitted. Our system demonstrates a QKD network covering 6 km in distance with a central service provider for classical and quantum data.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(060.2430) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fibers, single-mode
(060.4230) Fiber optics and optical communications : Multiplexing
(060.4510) Fiber optics and optical communications : Optical communications
(270.0270) Quantum optics : Quantum optics
(270.5565) Quantum optics : Quantum communications
(270.5568) Quantum optics : Quantum cryptography
ToC Category:
Quantum Optics
History
Original Manuscript: August 8, 2011
Revised Manuscript: September 12, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: September 13, 2011
Published: October 3, 2011
Citation
Catherine Holloway, Evan Meyer-Scott, Chris Erven, and Thomas Jennewein, "Quantum entanglement distribution with 810 nm photons through active telecommunication fibers," Opt. Express 19, 20597-20603 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-21-20597
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References
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- T. Chapuran, P. Toliver, N. Peters, J. Jackel, M. Goodman, R. Runser, S. McNown, N. Dallmann, R. Hughes, K. McCabe, J. E. Nordholt, C. G. Peterson, K. T. Tyagi, L. Mercer, and H. Dardy, “Optical networking for quantum key distribution and quantum communications,” New J. Phys.11, 105001 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- P. Eraerds, N. Walenta, M. Legré, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum key distribution and 1 gbps data encryption over a single fibre,” New J. Phys.12, 063027 (2010). [CrossRef]
- E. Meyer-Scott, H. Hubel, A. Fedrizzi, C. Erven, G. Weihs, and T. Jennewein, “Quantum entanglement distribution with 810 nm photons through telecom fibers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97, 031117–031117 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. Erven, C. Couteau, R. Laflamme, and G. Weihs, “Entangled quantum key distribution over two free-space optical links,” Opt. Express16, 16840–16853 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Meyer-Scott, H. Hubel, A. Fedrizzi, C. Erven, G. Weihs, and T. Jennewein, “Quantum entanglement distribution with 810 nm photons through telecom fibers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97, 031117–031117 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Fedrizzi, T. Herbst, A. Poppe, T. Jennewein, and A. Zeilinger, “A wavelength-tunable fiber-coupled source of narrowband entangled photons,” Opt. Express15, 15377–15386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Poppe, A. Fedrizzi, R. Ursin, H. Böhm, T. Lörunser, O. Maurhardt, M. Peev, M. Suda, C. Kurtsiefer, H. Weinfurter, T. Jennewein, and A. Zeilinger, “Practical quantum key distribution with polarization entangled photons,” Opt. Express12, 3865–3871 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Collins, P. J. Clarke, V. Fernández, K. J. Gordon, M. N. Makhonin, J. A. Timpson, A. Tahraoui, M. Hopkinson, A. M. Fox, M. S. Skolnick, and G. S. Buller, “Quantum key distribution system in standard telecommunications fiber using a short wavelength single photon source,” J. Appl. Phys.107, 073102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. J. Collins, P. J. Clarke, V. Fernández, K. J. Gordon, M. N. Makhonin, J. A. Timpson, A. Tahraoui, M. Hopkinson, A. M. Fox, M. S. Skolnick, and G. S. Buller, “Quantum key distribution system in standard telecommunications fiber using a short wavelength single photon source,” J. Appl. Phys.107, 073102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- X. Ma, C.-H. F. Fung, and H.-K. Lo, “Quantum key distribution with entangled photon sources,” Phys. Rev. A76, 012307 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Ursin, F. Tiefenbacher, T. Schmitt-Manderbach, H. Weier, T. Scheidl, M. Lindenthal, B. Blauensteiner, T. Jennewein, J. Perdigues, P. Trojek, B. Ömer, M. Fürst, M. Meyenburg, J. Rarity, Z. Sodnik, C. Barbieri, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, “Entanglement-based quantum communication over 144 km,” Nat. Phys.3, 481–486 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Eraerds, N. Walenta, M. Legré, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum key distribution and 1 gbps data encryption over a single fibre,” New J. Phys.12, 063027 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. Stucki, N. Gisin, O. Guinnard, G. Ribordy, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum key distribution over 67 km with a plug&play system,” New J. Phys.4, 41 (2002). [CrossRef]
- N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum cryptography,” Rev. Mod. Phys.74, 145–195 (2002). [CrossRef]
- T. Chapuran, P. Toliver, N. Peters, J. Jackel, M. Goodman, R. Runser, S. McNown, N. Dallmann, R. Hughes, K. McCabe, J. E. Nordholt, C. G. Peterson, K. T. Tyagi, L. Mercer, and H. Dardy, “Optical networking for quantum key distribution and quantum communications,” New J. Phys.11, 105001 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. J. Collins, P. J. Clarke, V. Fernández, K. J. Gordon, M. N. Makhonin, J. A. Timpson, A. Tahraoui, M. Hopkinson, A. M. Fox, M. S. Skolnick, and G. S. Buller, “Quantum key distribution system in standard telecommunications fiber using a short wavelength single photon source,” J. Appl. Phys.107, 073102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. Kurtsiefer, P. Zarda, M. Halder, H. Weinfurter, P. Gorman, P. Tapster, and J. Rarity, “Quantum cryptography: a step towards global key distribution,” Nature419, 450–450 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Stucki, N. Gisin, O. Guinnard, G. Ribordy, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum key distribution over 67 km with a plug&play system,” New J. Phys.4, 41 (2002). [CrossRef]
- C. Kurtsiefer, P. Zarda, M. Halder, H. Weinfurter, P. Gorman, P. Tapster, and J. Rarity, “Quantum cryptography: a step towards global key distribution,” Nature419, 450–450 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Hiskett, D. Rosenberg, C. Peterson, R. Hughes, S. Nam, A. Lita, A. Miller, and J. Nordholt, “Long-distance quantum key distribution in optical fibre,” New J. Phys.8, 193 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. J. Collins, P. J. Clarke, V. Fernández, K. J. Gordon, M. N. Makhonin, J. A. Timpson, A. Tahraoui, M. Hopkinson, A. M. Fox, M. S. Skolnick, and G. S. Buller, “Quantum key distribution system in standard telecommunications fiber using a short wavelength single photon source,” J. Appl. Phys.107, 073102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- E. Meyer-Scott, H. Hubel, A. Fedrizzi, C. Erven, G. Weihs, and T. Jennewein, “Quantum entanglement distribution with 810 nm photons through telecom fibers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97, 031117–031117 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T. Chapuran, P. Toliver, N. Peters, J. Jackel, M. Goodman, R. Runser, S. McNown, N. Dallmann, R. Hughes, K. McCabe, J. E. Nordholt, C. G. Peterson, K. T. Tyagi, L. Mercer, and H. Dardy, “Optical networking for quantum key distribution and quantum communications,” New J. Phys.11, 105001 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Hiskett, D. Rosenberg, C. Peterson, R. Hughes, S. Nam, A. Lita, A. Miller, and J. Nordholt, “Long-distance quantum key distribution in optical fibre,” New J. Phys.8, 193 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Peters, P. Toliver, T. E. Chapuran, R. J. Runser, S. R. McNown, C. G. Peterson, D. Rosenberg, N. Dallmann, R. J. Hughes, K. P. McCabe, J. E. Nordholt, and K. T. Tyagi, “Dense wavelength multiplexing of 1550 nm qkd with strong classical channels in reconfigurable networking environments,” New J. Phys.11, 045012 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- T. Jennewein, M. Barbieri, and A. G. White, “Single-photon device requirements for operating linear optics quantum computing outside the post-selection basis,” J. Mod. Opt.58, 276–287 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- D. Stucki, N. Gisin, O. Guinnard, G. Ribordy, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum key distribution over 67 km with a plug&play system,” New J. Phys.4, 41 (2002). [CrossRef]
- N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum cryptography,” Rev. Mod. Phys.74, 145–195 (2002). [CrossRef]
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
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IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.
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J. Appl. Phys.
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J. Mod. Opt.
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Measurement Sci. Technol.
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Nat. Phys.
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Nature
- C. Kurtsiefer, P. Zarda, M. Halder, H. Weinfurter, P. Gorman, P. Tapster, and J. Rarity, “Quantum cryptography: a step towards global key distribution,” Nature419, 450–450 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
New J. Phys.
- I. Choi, R. J. Young, and P. D. Townsend, “Quantum information to the home,” New J. Phys.13, 063039 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- T. Chapuran, P. Toliver, N. Peters, J. Jackel, M. Goodman, R. Runser, S. McNown, N. Dallmann, R. Hughes, K. McCabe, J. E. Nordholt, C. G. Peterson, K. T. Tyagi, L. Mercer, and H. Dardy, “Optical networking for quantum key distribution and quantum communications,” New J. Phys.11, 105001 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Eraerds, N. Walenta, M. Legré, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum key distribution and 1 gbps data encryption over a single fibre,” New J. Phys.12, 063027 (2010). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Peters, P. Toliver, T. E. Chapuran, R. J. Runser, S. R. McNown, C. G. Peterson, D. Rosenberg, N. Dallmann, R. J. Hughes, K. P. McCabe, J. E. Nordholt, and K. T. Tyagi, “Dense wavelength multiplexing of 1550 nm qkd with strong classical channels in reconfigurable networking environments,” New J. Phys.11, 045012 (2009). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
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- H. Hübel, M. R. Vanner, T. Lederer, B. Blauensteiner, T. Lorünser, A. Poppe, and A. Zeilinger, “High-fidelity transmission of polarization encoded qubits from an entangled source over 100 km of fiber,” Opt. Express15, 7853–7862 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Fedrizzi, T. Herbst, A. Poppe, T. Jennewein, and A. Zeilinger, “A wavelength-tunable fiber-coupled source of narrowband entangled photons,” Opt. Express15, 15377–15386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. A
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Phys. Rev. Lett.
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Rev. Mod. Phys.
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2011, Choi, New J. Phys.
- I. Choi, R. J. Young, and P. D. Townsend, “Quantum information to the home,” New J. Phys.13, 063039 (2011). [CrossRef]
- T. Jennewein, M. Barbieri, and A. G. White, “Single-photon device requirements for operating linear optics quantum computing outside the post-selection basis,” J. Mod. Opt.58, 276–287 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. S. Buller and R. J. Collins, “Single-photon generation and detection,” Measurement Sci. Technol.21, 012002 (2010). [CrossRef]
- P. Eraerds, N. Walenta, M. Legré, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum key distribution and 1 gbps data encryption over a single fibre,” New J. Phys.12, 063027 (2010). [CrossRef]
- E. Meyer-Scott, H. Hubel, A. Fedrizzi, C. Erven, G. Weihs, and T. Jennewein, “Quantum entanglement distribution with 810 nm photons through telecom fibers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97, 031117–031117 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. J. Collins, P. J. Clarke, V. Fernández, K. J. Gordon, M. N. Makhonin, J. A. Timpson, A. Tahraoui, M. Hopkinson, A. M. Fox, M. S. Skolnick, and G. S. Buller, “Quantum key distribution system in standard telecommunications fiber using a short wavelength single photon source,” J. Appl. Phys.107, 073102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T. Chapuran, P. Toliver, N. Peters, J. Jackel, M. Goodman, R. Runser, S. McNown, N. Dallmann, R. Hughes, K. McCabe, J. E. Nordholt, C. G. Peterson, K. T. Tyagi, L. Mercer, and H. Dardy, “Optical networking for quantum key distribution and quantum communications,” New J. Phys.11, 105001 (2009). [CrossRef]
- V. Scarani, H. Bechmann-Pasquinucci, N. J. Cerf, M. Dusek, N. Lutkenhaus, and M. Peev, “The security of practical quantum key distribution,” Rev. Mod. Phys.81, 1301 (2009). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Peters, P. Toliver, T. E. Chapuran, R. J. Runser, S. R. McNown, C. G. Peterson, D. Rosenberg, N. Dallmann, R. J. Hughes, K. P. McCabe, J. E. Nordholt, and K. T. Tyagi, “Dense wavelength multiplexing of 1550 nm qkd with strong classical channels in reconfigurable networking environments,” New J. Phys.11, 045012 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Ursin, F. Tiefenbacher, T. Schmitt-Manderbach, H. Weier, T. Scheidl, M. Lindenthal, B. Blauensteiner, T. Jennewein, J. Perdigues, P. Trojek, B. Ömer, M. Fürst, M. Meyenburg, J. Rarity, Z. Sodnik, C. Barbieri, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, “Entanglement-based quantum communication over 144 km,” Nat. Phys.3, 481–486 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. Ma, C.-H. F. Fung, and H.-K. Lo, “Quantum key distribution with entangled photon sources,” Phys. Rev. A76, 012307 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Hiskett, D. Rosenberg, C. Peterson, R. Hughes, S. Nam, A. Lita, A. Miller, and J. Nordholt, “Long-distance quantum key distribution in optical fibre,” New J. Phys.8, 193 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. Scarani and R. Renato,, “Quantum cryptography with finite resources: unconditional security bound for discrete-variable protocols with one-way postprocessing”, Phys. Rev. Lett.20, 200501 (2008).
- N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum cryptography,” Rev. Mod. Phys.74, 145–195 (2002). [CrossRef]
- D. Stucki, N. Gisin, O. Guinnard, G. Ribordy, and H. Zbinden, “Quantum key distribution over 67 km with a plug&play system,” New J. Phys.4, 41 (2002). [CrossRef]
- C. Kurtsiefer, P. Zarda, M. Halder, H. Weinfurter, P. Gorman, P. Tapster, and J. Rarity, “Quantum cryptography: a step towards global key distribution,” Nature419, 450–450 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. C. Ralph, “Continuous variable quantum cryptography,” Phys. Rev. A61, 010303 (1999). [CrossRef]
- P. Townsend, “Experimental investigation of the performance limits for first telecommunications-window quantum cryptography systems,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.10, 1048–1050 (1998). [CrossRef]
- C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, and N. D. Mermin, “Quantum cryptography without bell’s theorem,” Phys. Rev. Lett.68, 557–559 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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