Design of a Bragg fiber with large mode area for mid-infrared applications

doi:10.1364/OE.19.021295

Design of a Bragg fiber with large mode area for mid-infrared applications

Somnath Ghosh, Sonali Dasgupta, Ravi K. Varshney, David. J. Richardson, and Bishnu P. Pal »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 22, pp. 21295-21304 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.021295

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Abstract

The design of an all-solid, soft glass-based, large mode area Bragg fiber for effective single mode operation with mode effective area exceeding 1100 µm² across the wavelength range of 2 – 4 μm is reported. The design adopts a new strategy to induce large differential loss between the fundamental and higher order modes for effective single-mode operation within few tens of centimetres length of an otherwise multimode fiber. In addition to having the potential for the targeted application in high power laser delivery systems; complemented by a zero dispersion wavelength at 2.04 µm and rapidly developing mid-IR optical sources, the proposed fiber should also be attractive for generation of high power, single mode and less divergent supercontinuum light over this mid-IR window.

OCIS Codes
(060.2280) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber design and fabrication
(060.4005) Fiber optics and optical communications : Microstructured fibers

ToC Category:
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications

History
Original Manuscript: July 11, 2011
Revised Manuscript: September 8, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: September 8, 2011
Published: October 12, 2011

Citation
Somnath Ghosh, Sonali Dasgupta, Ravi K. Varshney, David. J. Richardson, and Bishnu P. Pal, "Design of a Bragg fiber with large mode area for mid-infrared applications," Opt. Express 19, 21295-21304 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-22-21295

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References

B. Guo, Y. Wang, C. Peng, H. L. Zhang, G. P. Luo, H. Q. Le, C. Gmachl, D. L. Sivco, M. L. Peabody, and A. Y. Cho, “Laser-based mid-infrared reflectance imaging of biological tissues,” Opt. Express12(1), 208–219 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. Werle, F. Slemr, K. Maurer, R. Kormann, R. Mucke, and B. Janker, “Near- and mid-infrared laser-optical sensors for gas analysis,” Opt. Lasers Eng.37(2-3), 101–114 (2002). [CrossRef]
A. B. Seddon, Z. Tang, D. Furniss, S. Sujecki, and T. M. Benson, “Progress in rare-earth-doped mid-infrared fiber lasers,” Opt. Express18(25), 26704–26719 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Faist, F. Capasso, C. Sirtori, D. L. Sivco, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho, “Room temperature mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett.32(6), 560–561 (1996). [CrossRef]
J. Faist, F. Capasso, C. Sirtori, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. L. Hutchinson, S. N. G. Chu, and A. Y. Cho, “High power mid-infrared (λ ~ 5 μm) quantum cascade lasers operating above room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.68(26), 3680–3682 (1996). [CrossRef]
M. Lončar, B. G. Lee, L. Diehl, M. A. Belkin, F. Capasso, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, and E. Gini, “Design and fabrication of photonic crystal quantum cascade lasers for optofluidics,” Opt. Express15(8), 4499–4514 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. D. Jackson, A. Sabella, and D. G. Lancaster, “Application and development of high-power and highly efficient silica-based fiber lasers operating at 2 µm,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(3), 567–572 (2007). [CrossRef]
Q. Wang, J. Geng, Z. Jiang, T. Luo, and S. Jiang, “Mode-locked Tm-Ho fiber laser with a Sb-based SESAM,” CMK2, OSA/ CLEO (2011).
D. G. Lancaster, A. Sabella, A. Hemming, S. Bennetts, and S. D. Jackson, “Power-scalable thulium and holmium fibre lasers pumped by 793 nm diode lasers,” WE5, OSA/ASSP (2007).
J. Wu, Z. Yao, J. Zong, and A. C. Pirson, “Single frequency fiber laser at 2.05 μm based on Ho-doped germanate glass fiber,” Proc. SPIE7195, 71951K (2009). [CrossRef]
M. E. Likhachev, S. L. Semjonov, M. M. Bubnov, E. M. Dianov, V. F. Khopin, M. Yu. Salganskii, M. A. Gurjanov, A. N. Gurjanov, R. Jamier, P. Viale, S. Fevrier, and J. M. Blondy, “Development and study of Bragg fibres with a large mode field and low optical losses,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.36(7), 581–586 (2006). [CrossRef]
S. Février, R. Jamier, J. M. Blondy, S. L. Semjonov, M. E. Likhachev, M. M. Bubnov, E. M. Dianov, V. F. Khopin, M. Y. Salganskii, and A. N. Guryanov, “Low-loss singlemode large mode area all-silica photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Express14(2), 562–569 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Février, P. Viale, F. Gerome, P. Leproux, P. Roy, J. M. Blondy, B. Dussardier, and G. Monnom, “Very large effective area singlemode photonic bandgap fibre,” Electron. Lett.39(17), 1240–1242 (2003). [CrossRef]
X. Feng, F. Poletti, A. Camerlingo, F. Parmigiani, P. Horak, P. Petropoulos, W. H. Loh, and D. J. Richardson, “Dispersion-shifted all-solid high index-contrast microstructured optical fiber for nonlinear applications at 1.55 microm,” Opt. Express17(22), 20249–20255 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Dasgupta, B. P. Pal, and M. R. Shenoy, “Nonlinear spectral broadening in solid-core Bragg fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol.25(9), 2475–2481 (2007). [CrossRef]
H. T. Bookey, S. Dasgupta, N. Bezawada, B. P. Pal, A. Sysoliatin, J. E. McCarthy, M. Salganskii, V. Khopin, and A. K. Kar, “Experimental demonstration of spectral broadening in an all-silica Bragg fiber,” Opt. Express17(19), 17130–17135 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. Yeh, A. Yariv, and E. Marom, “Theory of Bragg fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am.68(9), 1196–1201 (1978). [CrossRef]
S. Dasgupta, B. P. Pal, and M. R. Shenoy, Chapter on Photonic bandgap guided Bragg fibers in Guided Wave Optical Components and Devices: Basics, Technology, and Applications, B. P. Pal (Ed.), (Elsevier Academic Press, 2006).
B. Temelkuran, S. D. Hart, G. Benoit, J. D. Joannopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission,” Nature420(6916), 650–653 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. Fink, D. J. Ripin, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. D. Joannepoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “Guiding optical light in air using an all-dielectric structure,” J. Lightwave Technol.17(11), 2039–2041 (1999). [CrossRef]
X. Feng, A. K. Mairaj, D. W. Hewak, and T. M. Monro, “Nonsilica glasses for holey fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol.23(6), 2046–2054 (2005). [CrossRef]
X. Feng, T. M. Monro, P. Petropoulos, V. Finazzi, and D. J. Richardson, “Extruded single mode high-index core one-dimensional microstructured optical fiber with high index contrast for highly nonlinear optical deivces,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(8), 081110–081113 (2005). [CrossRef]
P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, “Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs,” Opt. Express16(10), 7161–7168 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Brambilla, F. Koizumi, V. Finazzi, and D. J. Richardson, “Supercontinuum generation in tapered bismuth silicate fibres,” Electron. Lett.41(14), 795–797 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Hu, C. R. Menyuk, L. B. Shaw, J. S. Sanghera, and I. D. Aggarwal, “Generating mid-IR source using As2 S3-based chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers,” CThN6, OSA/CLEO/IQEC (2009).
G. Genty, T. Ritari, and H. Ludvigsen, “Supercontinuum generation in large mode-area microstructured fibers,” Opt. Express13(21), 8625–8633 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Thyagarajan, R. K. Varshney, P. Palai, A. K. Ghatak, and I. C. Goyal, “A novel design of a dispersion compensating fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.8(11), 1510–1512 (1996). [CrossRef]

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[1] B. Guo, Y. Wang, C. Peng, H. L. Zhang, G. P. Luo, H. Q. Le, C. Gmachl, D. L. Sivco, M. L. Peabody, and A. Y. Cho, “Laser-based mid-infrared reflectance imaging of biological tissues,” Opt. Express12(1), 208–219 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] P. Werle, F. Slemr, K. Maurer, R. Kormann, R. Mucke, and B. Janker, “Near- and mid-infrared laser-optical sensors for gas analysis,” Opt. Lasers Eng.37(2-3), 101–114 (2002). [CrossRef]

[3] A. B. Seddon, Z. Tang, D. Furniss, S. Sujecki, and T. M. Benson, “Progress in rare-earth-doped mid-infrared fiber lasers,” Opt. Express18(25), 26704–26719 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] J. Faist, F. Capasso, C. Sirtori, D. L. Sivco, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho, “Room temperature mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers,” Electron. Lett.32(6), 560–561 (1996). [CrossRef]

[5] J. Faist, F. Capasso, C. Sirtori, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. L. Hutchinson, S. N. G. Chu, and A. Y. Cho, “High power mid-infrared (λ ~ 5 μm) quantum cascade lasers operating above room temperature,” Appl. Phys. Lett.68(26), 3680–3682 (1996). [CrossRef]

[6] M. Lončar, B. G. Lee, L. Diehl, M. A. Belkin, F. Capasso, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, and E. Gini, “Design and fabrication of photonic crystal quantum cascade lasers for optofluidics,” Opt. Express15(8), 4499–4514 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] S. D. Jackson, A. Sabella, and D. G. Lancaster, “Application and development of high-power and highly efficient silica-based fiber lasers operating at 2 µm,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(3), 567–572 (2007). [CrossRef]

[8] Q. Wang, J. Geng, Z. Jiang, T. Luo, and S. Jiang, “Mode-locked Tm-Ho fiber laser with a Sb-based SESAM,” CMK2, OSA/ CLEO (2011).

[9] D. G. Lancaster, A. Sabella, A. Hemming, S. Bennetts, and S. D. Jackson, “Power-scalable thulium and holmium fibre lasers pumped by 793 nm diode lasers,” WE5, OSA/ASSP (2007).

[10] J. Wu, Z. Yao, J. Zong, and A. C. Pirson, “Single frequency fiber laser at 2.05 μm based on Ho-doped germanate glass fiber,” Proc. SPIE7195, 71951K (2009). [CrossRef]

[11] M. E. Likhachev, S. L. Semjonov, M. M. Bubnov, E. M. Dianov, V. F. Khopin, M. Yu. Salganskii, M. A. Gurjanov, A. N. Gurjanov, R. Jamier, P. Viale, S. Fevrier, and J. M. Blondy, “Development and study of Bragg fibres with a large mode field and low optical losses,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.36(7), 581–586 (2006). [CrossRef]

[12] S. Février, R. Jamier, J. M. Blondy, S. L. Semjonov, M. E. Likhachev, M. M. Bubnov, E. M. Dianov, V. F. Khopin, M. Y. Salganskii, and A. N. Guryanov, “Low-loss singlemode large mode area all-silica photonic bandgap fiber,” Opt. Express14(2), 562–569 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] S. Février, P. Viale, F. Gerome, P. Leproux, P. Roy, J. M. Blondy, B. Dussardier, and G. Monnom, “Very large effective area singlemode photonic bandgap fibre,” Electron. Lett.39(17), 1240–1242 (2003). [CrossRef]

[14] X. Feng, F. Poletti, A. Camerlingo, F. Parmigiani, P. Horak, P. Petropoulos, W. H. Loh, and D. J. Richardson, “Dispersion-shifted all-solid high index-contrast microstructured optical fiber for nonlinear applications at 1.55 microm,” Opt. Express17(22), 20249–20255 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] S. Dasgupta, B. P. Pal, and M. R. Shenoy, “Nonlinear spectral broadening in solid-core Bragg fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol.25(9), 2475–2481 (2007). [CrossRef]

[16] H. T. Bookey, S. Dasgupta, N. Bezawada, B. P. Pal, A. Sysoliatin, J. E. McCarthy, M. Salganskii, V. Khopin, and A. K. Kar, “Experimental demonstration of spectral broadening in an all-silica Bragg fiber,” Opt. Express17(19), 17130–17135 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] P. Yeh, A. Yariv, and E. Marom, “Theory of Bragg fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am.68(9), 1196–1201 (1978). [CrossRef]

[18] S. Dasgupta, B. P. Pal, and M. R. Shenoy, Chapter on Photonic bandgap guided Bragg fibers in Guided Wave Optical Components and Devices: Basics, Technology, and Applications, B. P. Pal (Ed.), (Elsevier Academic Press, 2006).

[19] B. Temelkuran, S. D. Hart, G. Benoit, J. D. Joannopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission,” Nature420(6916), 650–653 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[20] Y. Fink, D. J. Ripin, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. D. Joannepoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “Guiding optical light in air using an all-dielectric structure,” J. Lightwave Technol.17(11), 2039–2041 (1999). [CrossRef]

[21] X. Feng, A. K. Mairaj, D. W. Hewak, and T. M. Monro, “Nonsilica glasses for holey fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol.23(6), 2046–2054 (2005). [CrossRef]

[22] X. Feng, T. M. Monro, P. Petropoulos, V. Finazzi, and D. J. Richardson, “Extruded single mode high-index core one-dimensional microstructured optical fiber with high index contrast for highly nonlinear optical deivces,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(8), 081110–081113 (2005). [CrossRef]

[23] P. Domachuk, N. A. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, A. Wang, A. K. George, C. M. B. Cordeiro, J. C. Knight, and F. G. Omenetto, “Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear tellurite PCFs,” Opt. Express16(10), 7161–7168 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[24] G. Brambilla, F. Koizumi, V. Finazzi, and D. J. Richardson, “Supercontinuum generation in tapered bismuth silicate fibres,” Electron. Lett.41(14), 795–797 (2005). [CrossRef]

[25] J. Hu, C. R. Menyuk, L. B. Shaw, J. S. Sanghera, and I. D. Aggarwal, “Generating mid-IR source using As2 S3-based chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers,” CThN6, OSA/CLEO/IQEC (2009).

[26] G. Genty, T. Ritari, and H. Ludvigsen, “Supercontinuum generation in large mode-area microstructured fibers,” Opt. Express13(21), 8625–8633 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[27] K. Thyagarajan, R. K. Varshney, P. Palai, A. K. Ghatak, and I. C. Goyal, “A novel design of a dispersion compensating fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.8(11), 1510–1512 (1996). [CrossRef]

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Design of a Bragg fiber with large mode area for mid-infrared applications