The real parts of third-order nonlinear susceptibility components of CS₂ are determined by polarized lights Z-Scan technique at 800 nm, and imaginary part is verified to be negligible. The contributions to susceptibility components from electron and nuclear are separated. These susceptibility values can be used as the reference values for third-order nonlinear susceptibility measurements by degenerate four-wave-mixing, optical Kerr gate/optical Kerr effect, optical heterodyne detection of optical Kerr effect, the ellipse rotation and so on.

© 2011 OSA

1. Z. B. Cai, J. R. Gao, X. N. Li, and B. Xiang, “Synthesis and characterization of symmetrical benzodifuranone compounds with femtosecond time-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing technique,” Opt. Commun. 272(2), 503–508 (2007). [CrossRef]
2. Z. Y. Li, Z. H. Chen, S. Xu, L. H. Niu, Z. Zhang, F. S. Zhang, and K. Kasatani, “Off-resonant third-order optical nonlinearities of novel diarylethene–phthalocyanine dyads,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 447(1-3), 110–114 (2007). [CrossRef]
3. G. Heng-Qun and W. Qi-Ming, “Nonlinear Optical Response of nc-Si-SiO2 Films Studied with Femtosecond Four-Wave Mixing Technique,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 23(11), 2989–2992 (2006). [CrossRef]
4. H. B. Liao, R. F. Xiao, H. Wang, K. S. Wong, and G. K. L. Wong, “Large third-order optical nonlinearity in Au:TiO2 composite films measured on a femtosecond time scale,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(15), 1817 (1998). [CrossRef]
5. H. B. Liao, R. F. Xiao, J. S. Fu, H. Wang, K. S. Wong, and G. K. L. Wong, “Origin of third-order optical nonlinearity in Au:SiO(2) composite films on femtosecond and picosecond time scales,” Opt. Lett. 23(5), 388–390 (1998). [CrossRef]
6. H. L. Yang, X. Q. Wang, Q. Ren, G. H. Zhang, X. B. Sun, L. Feng, S. F. Wang, and Z. W. Wang, “Study on the third-order nonlinear optical properties of bis(tetrabutylammonium)bis(1,3-dithiole-2-thione- 4,5-dithiolato)cadium,” Opt. Commun. 256(4-6), 256–260 (2005). [CrossRef]
7. L. Tamayo-Rivera, R. Rangel-Rojo, Y. Mao, and W. H. Watson, “Ultra fast third-order non-linear response of amino-triazole donor-acceptor derivatives by optical Kerr effect,” Opt. Commun. 281(20), 5239–5243 (2008). [CrossRef]
8. S. F. Wang, W. T. Huang, H. Yang, Q. H. Gong, Z. J. Shi, X. H. Zhou, D. Qiang, and Z. N. Gu, “Large and ultrafast third-order optical non-linearity of single-wall carbon nanotubes at 820 nm,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 320(5-6), 411–414 (2000). [CrossRef]
9. S. S. Chu, F. M. Li, H. Z. Tao, H. Yang, S. F. Wang, C. G. Lin, X. J. Zhao, and Q. H. Gong, “SbS3 enhanced ultrafast third-order optical nonlinearities of Ge-S chalcogenide glasses at 820 nm,” Opt. Mater. 31(2), 193–195 (2008). [CrossRef]
10. Z. W. Wang, C. L. Liu, H. Xiang, Z. Li, Q. H. Gong, Y. J. Qin, Z. X. Guo, and D. B. Zhu, “Ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical response of two soluble multi-wall carbon nanotubes,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 37(7), 1079–1082 (2004). [CrossRef]
11. Y. Liu, D. Li, R. Y. Zhu, G. J. You, S. X. Qian, Y. Yang, and J. L. Shi, “Third-order nonlinear optical response of Au-core CdS-shell composite nanoparticles embedded in BaTiO3 thin films,” Appl. Phys. B 76(4), 435–439 (2003). [CrossRef]
12. Q. Liu, C. Gao, H. Zhou, B. Lu, X. He, Q. Shixiong, and X. Zhao, “Ultrafast third-order optical non-linearity of 0.56GeS2-0.24Ga2S3-0.2KX(X=Cl, Br, I) chalcohalide glasses by femtosecond optical Kerr effect,” Opt. Mater. 32(1), 26–29 (2009). [CrossRef]
13. Q. M. Liu, X. J. Zhao, F. X. Gan, J. Mi, and S. X. Qian, “Femtosecond optical Kerr effect study of Ge10As40S30Se20 film,” Solid State Commun. 134(8), 513–517 (2005). [CrossRef]
14. Q. M. Liu, B. Lu, X. J. Zhao, F. X. Gan, J. Mi, and S. X. Qian, “Ultrafast non-linear optical properties of Ge20As25Se55 chalcogenide films,” Opt. Commun. 258(1), 72–77 (2006). [CrossRef]
15. R. L. Sutherland, Handbook of Nonlinear Optics (Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1996) Chapter 7.
16. M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990). [CrossRef]
17. R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004). [CrossRef]
18. R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004). [CrossRef]
19. R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyanskiĭ, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear optical characteristics of carbon disulfide,” Opt. Spectrosc. 100(1), 108–118 (2006). [CrossRef]
20. S. Couris, M. Renard, O. Faucher, B. Lavorel, R. Chaux, E. Koudoumas, and X. Michaut, “An experimental investigation of the nonlinear refractive index (n2) of carbon disulfide and toluene by spectral shearing interferometry and z-scan techniques,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 369(3-4), 318–324 (2003). [CrossRef]
21. B. Gu, W. Ji, and X. Q. Huang, “Analytical expression for femtosecond-pulsed Z scans on instantaneous nonlinearity,” Appl. Opt. 47(9), 1187–1192 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. X. Q. Yan, Z. B. Liu, S. Shi, W. Y. Zhou, and J. G. Tian, “Analysis on the origin of the ultrafast optical nonlinearity of carbon disulfide around 800 nm,” Opt. Express 18(25), 26169–26174 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. K. Minoshima, M. Taiji, and T. Kobayashi, “Femtosecond time-resolved interferometry for the determination of complex nonlinear susceptibility,” Opt. Lett. 16(21), 1683–1685 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, 2nd ed. (Academic Press, San Diego, 2003) Chapter 1.
25. I. J. Bigio and J. F. Ward, “Measurement of the hyperpolarizability ratio X_{y y y y}(-2ω;0,ω,ω)/X_{y y x x}(-2ω;0,ω,ω) for the inert gases,” Phys. Rev. A 9(1), 35–39 (1974). [CrossRef]
26. J. Burgin, C. Guillon, and P. Langot, “Femtosecond investigation of the non-instantaneous third-order nonlinear suceptibility in liquids and glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(21), 211916 (2005). [CrossRef]
27. P. Langot, S. Montant, and E. Freysz, “Measurement of non-instantaneous contribution to the χ(3) in different liquids using femtosecond chirped pulses,” Opt. Commun. 176(4-6), 459–472 (2000). [CrossRef]
28. Y. Sato, R. Morita, and M. Yamashita, “Study on ultrafast dynamic behaviors of different nonlinear refractive index components in CS2 using a femtosecond interferometer,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36(Part 1, No. 4A), 2109–2115 (1997). [CrossRef]
29. C. Kalpouzos, W. T. Lotshaw, D. McMorrow, and G. A. Kenney-Wallace, “Femtosecond laser-induced Kerr responses in liquid carbon disulfide,” J. Phys. Chem. 91(8), 2028–2030 (1987). [CrossRef]
30. T. D. Krauss, J. K. Ranka, F. W. Wise, and A. L. Gaeta, “Measurements of the tensor properties of third-order nonlinearities in wide-gap semiconductors,” Opt. Lett. 20(10), 1110–1112 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
31. X. Q. Yan, Z. B. Liu, X. L. Zhang, W. Y. Zhou, and J. G. Tian, “Polarization dependence of Z-scan measurement: theory and experiment,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6397–6406 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
32. T. D. Krauss and F. W. Wise, “Femtosecond measurement of nonlinear absorption and refraction in CdS, ZnSe, and ZnS,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65(14), 1739 (1994). [CrossRef]
33. M. Lefkir, X. N. Phu, and G. Rivoire, “Existence of a bistable polarization state in a Kerr medium in the presence of two-photon absorption,” Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 10(1), 283–292 (1998). [CrossRef]
34. M. Falconieri and G. Salvetti, “Simultaneous measurement of pure-optical and thermo-optical nonlinearities induced by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser pulses: application to CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 69(2), 133–136 (1999). [CrossRef]
35. A. Gnoli, L. Razzari, and M. Righini, “Z-scan measurements using high repetition rate lasers: how to manage thermal effects,” Opt. Express 13(20), 7976–7981 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
36. Z. B. Liu, Y. L. Liu, B. Zhang, W. Y. Zhou, J. G. Tian, W. P. Zang, and C. P. Zhang, “Nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties of carbon disulfide in a short-wavelength region,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(5), 1101–1104 (2007). [CrossRef]
37. K. Fujiwara and K. Fuwa, “Liquid Core Optical Fiber Total Reflection Cell as a Colorimetric Detector for Flow Injection Analysis,” Anal. Chem. 57(6), 1012–1016 (1985). [CrossRef]

Anal. Chem.

• K. Fujiwara and K. Fuwa, “Liquid Core Optical Fiber Total Reflection Cell as a Colorimetric Detector for Flow Injection Analysis,” Anal. Chem. 57(6), 1012–1016 (1985). [CrossRef]

Appl. Opt.

• B. Gu, W. Ji, and X. Q. Huang, “Analytical expression for femtosecond-pulsed Z scans on instantaneous nonlinearity,” Appl. Opt. 47(9), 1187–1192 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. B

• M. Falconieri and G. Salvetti, “Simultaneous measurement of pure-optical and thermo-optical nonlinearities induced by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser pulses: application to CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 69(2), 133–136 (1999). [CrossRef]
• Y. Liu, D. Li, R. Y. Zhu, G. J. You, S. X. Qian, Y. Yang, and J. L. Shi, “Third-order nonlinear optical response of Au-core CdS-shell composite nanoparticles embedded in BaTiO3 thin films,” Appl. Phys. B 76(4), 435–439 (2003). [CrossRef]
• R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• H. B. Liao, R. F. Xiao, H. Wang, K. S. Wong, and G. K. L. Wong, “Large third-order optical nonlinearity in Au:TiO2 composite films measured on a femtosecond time scale,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(15), 1817 (1998). [CrossRef]
• T. D. Krauss and F. W. Wise, “Femtosecond measurement of nonlinear absorption and refraction in CdS, ZnSe, and ZnS,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65(14), 1739 (1994). [CrossRef]
• J. Burgin, C. Guillon, and P. Langot, “Femtosecond investigation of the non-instantaneous third-order nonlinear suceptibility in liquids and glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(21), 211916 (2005). [CrossRef]

Chem. Phys. Lett.

• S. Couris, M. Renard, O. Faucher, B. Lavorel, R. Chaux, E. Koudoumas, and X. Michaut, “An experimental investigation of the nonlinear refractive index (n2) of carbon disulfide and toluene by spectral shearing interferometry and z-scan techniques,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 369(3-4), 318–324 (2003). [CrossRef]
• Z. Y. Li, Z. H. Chen, S. Xu, L. H. Niu, Z. Zhang, F. S. Zhang, and K. Kasatani, “Off-resonant third-order optical nonlinearities of novel diarylethene–phthalocyanine dyads,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 447(1-3), 110–114 (2007). [CrossRef]
• S. F. Wang, W. T. Huang, H. Yang, Q. H. Gong, Z. J. Shi, X. H. Zhou, D. Qiang, and Z. N. Gu, “Large and ultrafast third-order optical non-linearity of single-wall carbon nanotubes at 820 nm,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 320(5-6), 411–414 (2000). [CrossRef]

Chin. Phys. Lett.

• G. Heng-Qun and W. Qi-Ming, “Nonlinear Optical Response of nc-Si-SiO2 Films Studied with Femtosecond Four-Wave Mixing Technique,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 23(11), 2989–2992 (2006). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

• M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

• Z. B. Liu, Y. L. Liu, B. Zhang, W. Y. Zhou, J. G. Tian, W. P. Zang, and C. P. Zhang, “Nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties of carbon disulfide in a short-wavelength region,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(5), 1101–1104 (2007). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem.

• C. Kalpouzos, W. T. Lotshaw, D. McMorrow, and G. A. Kenney-Wallace, “Femtosecond laser-induced Kerr responses in liquid carbon disulfide,” J. Phys. Chem. 91(8), 2028–2030 (1987). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.

• Z. W. Wang, C. L. Liu, H. Xiang, Z. Li, Q. H. Gong, Y. J. Qin, Z. X. Guo, and D. B. Zhu, “Ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical response of two soluble multi-wall carbon nanotubes,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 37(7), 1079–1082 (2004). [CrossRef]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

• Y. Sato, R. Morita, and M. Yamashita, “Study on ultrafast dynamic behaviors of different nonlinear refractive index components in CS2 using a femtosecond interferometer,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36(Part 1, No. 4A), 2109–2115 (1997). [CrossRef]

Opt. Commun.

• P. Langot, S. Montant, and E. Freysz, “Measurement of non-instantaneous contribution to the χ(3) in different liquids using femtosecond chirped pulses,” Opt. Commun. 176(4-6), 459–472 (2000). [CrossRef]
• Z. B. Cai, J. R. Gao, X. N. Li, and B. Xiang, “Synthesis and characterization of symmetrical benzodifuranone compounds with femtosecond time-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing technique,” Opt. Commun. 272(2), 503–508 (2007). [CrossRef]
• R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004). [CrossRef]
• Q. M. Liu, B. Lu, X. J. Zhao, F. X. Gan, J. Mi, and S. X. Qian, “Ultrafast non-linear optical properties of Ge20As25Se55 chalcogenide films,” Opt. Commun. 258(1), 72–77 (2006). [CrossRef]
• H. L. Yang, X. Q. Wang, Q. Ren, G. H. Zhang, X. B. Sun, L. Feng, S. F. Wang, and Z. W. Wang, “Study on the third-order nonlinear optical properties of bis(tetrabutylammonium)bis(1,3-dithiole-2-thione- 4,5-dithiolato)cadium,” Opt. Commun. 256(4-6), 256–260 (2005). [CrossRef]
• L. Tamayo-Rivera, R. Rangel-Rojo, Y. Mao, and W. H. Watson, “Ultra fast third-order non-linear response of amino-triazole donor-acceptor derivatives by optical Kerr effect,” Opt. Commun. 281(20), 5239–5243 (2008). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• X. Q. Yan, Z. B. Liu, S. Shi, W. Y. Zhou, and J. G. Tian, “Analysis on the origin of the ultrafast optical nonlinearity of carbon disulfide around 800 nm,” Opt. Express 18(25), 26169–26174 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. Gnoli, L. Razzari, and M. Righini, “Z-scan measurements using high repetition rate lasers: how to manage thermal effects,” Opt. Express 13(20), 7976–7981 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• X. Q. Yan, Z. B. Liu, X. L. Zhang, W. Y. Zhou, and J. G. Tian, “Polarization dependence of Z-scan measurement: theory and experiment,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6397–6406 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• T. D. Krauss, J. K. Ranka, F. W. Wise, and A. L. Gaeta, “Measurements of the tensor properties of third-order nonlinearities in wide-gap semiconductors,” Opt. Lett. 20(10), 1110–1112 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• K. Minoshima, M. Taiji, and T. Kobayashi, “Femtosecond time-resolved interferometry for the determination of complex nonlinear susceptibility,” Opt. Lett. 16(21), 1683–1685 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• H. B. Liao, R. F. Xiao, J. S. Fu, H. Wang, K. S. Wong, and G. K. L. Wong, “Origin of third-order optical nonlinearity in Au:SiO(2) composite films on femtosecond and picosecond time scales,” Opt. Lett. 23(5), 388–390 (1998). [CrossRef]

Opt. Mater.

• S. S. Chu, F. M. Li, H. Z. Tao, H. Yang, S. F. Wang, C. G. Lin, X. J. Zhao, and Q. H. Gong, “SbS3 enhanced ultrafast third-order optical nonlinearities of Ge-S chalcogenide glasses at 820 nm,” Opt. Mater. 31(2), 193–195 (2008). [CrossRef]
• Q. Liu, C. Gao, H. Zhou, B. Lu, X. He, Q. Shixiong, and X. Zhao, “Ultrafast third-order optical non-linearity of 0.56GeS2-0.24Ga2S3-0.2KX(X=Cl, Br, I) chalcohalide glasses by femtosecond optical Kerr effect,” Opt. Mater. 32(1), 26–29 (2009). [CrossRef]

Opt. Spectrosc.

• R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyanskiĭ, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear optical characteristics of carbon disulfide,” Opt. Spectrosc. 100(1), 108–118 (2006). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. A

• I. J. Bigio and J. F. Ward, “Measurement of the hyperpolarizability ratio X_{y y y y}(-2ω;0,ω,ω)/X_{y y x x}(-2ω;0,ω,ω) for the inert gases,” Phys. Rev. A 9(1), 35–39 (1974). [CrossRef]

Quantum Semiclassic. Opt.

• M. Lefkir, X. N. Phu, and G. Rivoire, “Existence of a bistable polarization state in a Kerr medium in the presence of two-photon absorption,” Quantum Semiclassic. Opt. 10(1), 283–292 (1998). [CrossRef]

Solid State Commun.

• Q. M. Liu, X. J. Zhao, F. X. Gan, J. Mi, and S. X. Qian, “Femtosecond optical Kerr effect study of Ge10As40S30Se20 film,” Solid State Commun. 134(8), 513–517 (2005). [CrossRef]

Other

• R. L. Sutherland, Handbook of Nonlinear Optics (Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1996) Chapter 7.
• R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, 2nd ed. (Academic Press, San Diego, 2003) Chapter 1.

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