Micro optical pattern shaping for tailored light emission from Organic LEDs

doi:10.1364/OE.20.012682

Micro optical pattern shaping for tailored light emission from Organic LEDs

Norbert Danz, Christoph A. Wächter, Dirk Michaelis, Peter Dannberg, and Michael Flämmich »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 12, pp. 12682-12691 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.012682

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Abstract

The application of large area OLEDs for lighting and signage purposes potentially requires essential changes of the common Lambert-like emission pattern. We demonstrate an array based micro optical approach for pattern shaping of area light sources based on distorted Fourier imaging of an aperture array with a micro lens array. Narrow angular emission patterns of ± 35° and ± 18° FWHM obtained experimentally demonstrate the pattern shaping with low stray light levels. The internal recycling of initially rejected photons yields intensity enhancements exceeding a factor two in forward direction that is still well below the theoretical limits due to limited reflectivity.

OCIS Codes
(220.2740) Optical design and fabrication : Geometric optical design
(220.4000) Optical design and fabrication : Microstructure fabrication
(230.3670) Optical devices : Light-emitting diodes
(230.6080) Optical devices : Sources

ToC Category:
Optical Devices

History
Original Manuscript: March 7, 2012
Revised Manuscript: May 11, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: May 12, 2012
Published: May 21, 2012

Citation
Norbert Danz, Christoph A. Wächter, Dirk Michaelis, Peter Dannberg, and Michael Flämmich, "Micro optical pattern shaping for tailored light emission from Organic LEDs," Opt. Express 20, 12682-12691 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-12-12682

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References

C. W. Tang and S. A. Van Slyke, “Organic electroluminescent diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett.51(12), 913–915 (1987). [CrossRef]
J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burns, and A. B. Holmes, “Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers,” Nature347(6293), 539–541 (1990). [CrossRef]
M. C. Gather, A. Köhnen, and K. Meerholz, “White Organic light-emitting diodes,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)23(2), 233–248 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M.-H. Lu and J. C. Sturm, “Optimization of external coupling and light emission in organic light-emitting devices: modeling and experiment,” J. Appl. Phys.91(2), 595–604 (2002). [CrossRef]
N. Danz, D. Michaelis, and C. Wächter, “OLED design: combined micro- and nanophotonics modeling, and routes to a complex optimization algorithm,” Proc. SPIE6796, 67963F, 67963F-15 (2007). [CrossRef]
Z. B. Wang, M. G. Helander, J. Qiu, D. P. Puzzo, M. T. Greiner, Z. M. Hudson, S. Wang, Z. W. Liu, and Z. H. Lu, “Unlocking the full potential of organic light-emitting diodes on flexible plastic,” Nat. Photonics5(12), 753–757 (2011). [CrossRef]
S. Reineke, F. Lindner, G. Schwartz, N. Seidler, K. Walzer, B. Lüssem, and K. Leo, “White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency,” Nature459(7244), 234–238 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Möller and S. R. Forrest, “Improved light out-coupling in organic light emitting diodes employing ordered microlens arrays,” J. Appl. Phys.91(5), 3324–3327 (2002). [CrossRef]
J. P. Yang, Q. Y. Bao, Z. Q. Xu, Y. Q. Li, J. X. Tang, and S. Shen, “Light out-coupling enhancement of organic light-emitting devices with microlens array,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(22), 223303 (2010). [CrossRef]
B. C. Krummacher, M. K. Mathai, V. Choong, S. A. Choulis, F. So, and A. Winnacker, “General method to evaluate substrate surface modification techniques for light extraction enhancement of organic light emitting diodes,” J. Appl. Phys.100(5), 054702 (2006). [CrossRef]
P. Melpignano, V. Biondo, S. Sinesi, M. T. Gale, S. Westenhöfer, M. Murgia, S. Caria, and R. Zamboni, “Efficient light extraction and beam shaping from flexible, optically integrated organic light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(15), 153514 (2006). [CrossRef]
M. Flämmich, D. Michaelis, N. Danz, C. A. Wächter, P. Dannberg, and A. H. Bräuer, “Micro-optical beam-shaper for tailoring light emission from OLEDs,” Proc. SPIE7716, 771616, 771616-10 (2010). [CrossRef]
K. Saxena, V. K. Jain, and D. S. Mehta, “A review on the light extraction techniques in organic electroluminescent devices,” Opt. Mater.32(1), 221–233 (2009). [CrossRef]
R. Winston, J. C. Minano, and P. Benitez, Nonimaging Optics (Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2005).
A. Goetzberger, “Optical confinement in thin Si solar cells by diffuse back reflectors,” in Proceedings of the 15th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1981), pp. 867–870.
E. Yablonovitch, “Statistical ray optics,” J. Opt. Soc. Am.72(7), 899–907 (1982). [CrossRef]
Z. D. Popovic, R. A. Sprague, and G. A. Connell, “Technique for monolithic fabrication of microlens arrays,” Appl. Opt.27(7), 1281–1284 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. Daly, R. F. Stevens, M. C. Hutley, and N. Davies, “The manufacture of microlenses by melting photoresist,” Meas. Sci. Technol.1(8), 759–766 (1990). [CrossRef]
J. Duparré, P. Dannberg, P. Schreiber, A. Bräuer, and A. Tünnermann, “Thin compound-eye camera,” Appl. Opt.44(15), 2949–2956 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Brückner, J. Duparré, R. Leitel, P. Dannberg, A. Bräuer, and A. Tünnermann, “Thin wafer-level camera lenses inspired by insect compound eyes,” Opt. Express18(24), 24379–24394 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Flämmich, J. Frischeisen, D. S. Setz, D. Michaelis, B. C. Krummacher, T. D. Schmidt, W. Brütting, and N. Danz, “Oriented phosphorescent emitters boost OLED efficiency,” Org. Electron.12(10), 1663–1668 (2011). [CrossRef]
M. Sieler, P. Schreiber, P. Dannberg, and A. Bräuer, “Array projection optics: Multi-channel design for ultra slim projectors,” Proc. SPIE7716, 7716A 1–10 (2010).
G. P. Morris, J. C. Rolfs, L. A. Meyer, R. S. Moshrefzadeh, H.-H. Chou, B. J. Tompkins, and T. N. Davis, “Glass microspheres for use in films and projection screen displays and methods,” Patent US 6.204.971 (2001).

Bao, Q. Y.
Biondo, V.
Bradley, D. D. C.
Bräuer, A.
Bräuer, A. H.
Brown, A. R.
Brückner, A.
Brütting, W.
Burns, P. L.
Burroughes, J. H.
Caria, S.
Choong, V.
Choulis, S. A.
Connell, G. A.
Daly, D.
Dannberg, P.
Danz, N.
Davies, N.
Duparré, J.
Flämmich, M.
Forrest, S. R.
Friend, R. H.
Frischeisen, J.
Gale, M. T.
Gather, M. C.
Greiner, M. T.
Helander, M. G.
Holmes, A. B.
Hudson, Z. M.
Hutley, M. C.
Jain, V. K.
Köhnen, A.
Krummacher, B. C.
Leitel, R.
Leo, K.
Li, Y. Q.
Lindner, F.
Liu, Z. W.
Lu, M.-H.
Lu, Z. H.
Lüssem, B.
Mackay, K.
Marks, R. N.
Mathai, M. K.
Meerholz, K.
Mehta, D. S.
Melpignano, P.
Michaelis, D.
Möller, S.
Murgia, M.
Popovic, Z. D.
Puzzo, D. P.
Qiu, J.
Reineke, S.
Saxena, K.
Schmidt, T. D.
Schreiber, P.
Schwartz, G.
Seidler, N.
Setz, D. S.
Shen, S.
Sieler, M.
Sinesi, S.
So, F.
Sprague, R. A.
Stevens, R. F.
Sturm, J. C.
Tang, C. W.
Tang, J. X.
Tünnermann, A.
Van Slyke, S. A.
Wächter, C.
Wächter, C. A.
Walzer, K.
Wang, S.
Wang, Z. B.
Westenhöfer, S.
Winnacker, A.
Xu, Z. Q.
Yablonovitch, E.
Yang, J. P.
Zamboni, R.

Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)

M. C. Gather, A. Köhnen, and K. Meerholz, “White Organic light-emitting diodes,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)23(2), 233–248 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

P. Melpignano, V. Biondo, S. Sinesi, M. T. Gale, S. Westenhöfer, M. Murgia, S. Caria, and R. Zamboni, “Efficient light extraction and beam shaping from flexible, optically integrated organic light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(15), 153514 (2006). [CrossRef]
C. W. Tang and S. A. Van Slyke, “Organic electroluminescent diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett.51(12), 913–915 (1987). [CrossRef]
J. P. Yang, Q. Y. Bao, Z. Q. Xu, Y. Q. Li, J. X. Tang, and S. Shen, “Light out-coupling enhancement of organic light-emitting devices with microlens array,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(22), 223303 (2010). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

B. C. Krummacher, M. K. Mathai, V. Choong, S. A. Choulis, F. So, and A. Winnacker, “General method to evaluate substrate surface modification techniques for light extraction enhancement of organic light emitting diodes,” J. Appl. Phys.100(5), 054702 (2006). [CrossRef]
M.-H. Lu and J. C. Sturm, “Optimization of external coupling and light emission in organic light-emitting devices: modeling and experiment,” J. Appl. Phys.91(2), 595–604 (2002). [CrossRef]
S. Möller and S. R. Forrest, “Improved light out-coupling in organic light emitting diodes employing ordered microlens arrays,” J. Appl. Phys.91(5), 3324–3327 (2002). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am.

E. Yablonovitch, “Statistical ray optics,” J. Opt. Soc. Am.72(7), 899–907 (1982). [CrossRef]

Meas. Sci. Technol.

D. Daly, R. F. Stevens, M. C. Hutley, and N. Davies, “The manufacture of microlenses by melting photoresist,” Meas. Sci. Technol.1(8), 759–766 (1990). [CrossRef]

Nat. Photonics

Z. B. Wang, M. G. Helander, J. Qiu, D. P. Puzzo, M. T. Greiner, Z. M. Hudson, S. Wang, Z. W. Liu, and Z. H. Lu, “Unlocking the full potential of organic light-emitting diodes on flexible plastic,” Nat. Photonics5(12), 753–757 (2011). [CrossRef]

Nature

S. Reineke, F. Lindner, G. Schwartz, N. Seidler, K. Walzer, B. Lüssem, and K. Leo, “White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency,” Nature459(7244), 234–238 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burns, and A. B. Holmes, “Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers,” Nature347(6293), 539–541 (1990). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

A. Brückner, J. Duparré, R. Leitel, P. Dannberg, A. Bräuer, and A. Tünnermann, “Thin wafer-level camera lenses inspired by insect compound eyes,” Opt. Express18(24), 24379–24394 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Mater.

K. Saxena, V. K. Jain, and D. S. Mehta, “A review on the light extraction techniques in organic electroluminescent devices,” Opt. Mater.32(1), 221–233 (2009). [CrossRef]

Org. Electron.

M. Flämmich, J. Frischeisen, D. S. Setz, D. Michaelis, B. C. Krummacher, T. D. Schmidt, W. Brütting, and N. Danz, “Oriented phosphorescent emitters boost OLED efficiency,” Org. Electron.12(10), 1663–1668 (2011). [CrossRef]

Proc. SPIE

M. Sieler, P. Schreiber, P. Dannberg, and A. Bräuer, “Array projection optics: Multi-channel design for ultra slim projectors,” Proc. SPIE7716, 7716A 1–10 (2010).
M. Flämmich, D. Michaelis, N. Danz, C. A. Wächter, P. Dannberg, and A. H. Bräuer, “Micro-optical beam-shaper for tailoring light emission from OLEDs,” Proc. SPIE7716, 771616, 771616-10 (2010). [CrossRef]
N. Danz, D. Michaelis, and C. Wächter, “OLED design: combined micro- and nanophotonics modeling, and routes to a complex optimization algorithm,” Proc. SPIE6796, 67963F, 67963F-15 (2007). [CrossRef]

Other

R. Winston, J. C. Minano, and P. Benitez, Nonimaging Optics (Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2005).
A. Goetzberger, “Optical confinement in thin Si solar cells by diffuse back reflectors,” in Proceedings of the 15th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1981), pp. 867–870.
G. P. Morris, J. C. Rolfs, L. A. Meyer, R. S. Moshrefzadeh, H.-H. Chou, B. J. Tompkins, and T. N. Davis, “Glass microspheres for use in films and projection screen displays and methods,” Patent US 6.204.971 (2001).

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