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Self-organization approach for THz polaritonic metamaterialsA. Reyes-Coronado, M. F. Acosta, R. I. Merino, V. M. Orera, G. Kenanakis, N. Katsarakis, M. Kafesaki, Ch. Mavidis, J. García de Abajo, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis »View Author Affiliations
A. Reyes-Coronado,1,2,*
M. F. Acosta,3
R. I. Merino,3
V. M. Orera,3
G. Kenanakis,1,4
N. Katsarakis,1,4
M. Kafesaki,1,5
Ch. Mavidis,1,5
J. García de Abajo,6
E. N. Economou,1
and C. M. Soukoulis1,7
1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1385, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece 2Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico 3Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain 4Science Department, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece 5Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece 6Instituto de Química Física, Rocasolano, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain 7Ames Laboratory-USDOE, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA *Corresponding author: a.reyescoronado@gmail.com |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 13, pp. 14663-14682 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.014663
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Abstract
In this paper we discuss the fabrication and the electromagnetic (EM) characterization of anisotropic eutectic metamaterials, consisting of cylindrical polaritonic LiF rods embedded in either KCl or NaCl polaritonic host. The fabrication was performed using the eutectics directional solidification self-organization approach. For the EM characterization the specular reflectance at far infrared, between 3 THz and 11 THz, was measured and also calculated by numerically solving Maxwell equations, obtaining good agreement between experimental and calculated spectra. Applying an effective medium approach to describe the response of our samples, we predicted a range of frequencies in which most of our systems behave as homogeneous anisotropic media with a hyperbolic dispersion relation, opening thus possibilities for using them in negative refractive index and imaging applications at THz range.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(160.1190) Materials : Anisotropic optical materials
(160.4670) Materials : Optical materials
(160.4760) Materials : Optical properties
(220.4000) Optical design and fabrication : Microstructure fabrication
(160.1245) Materials : Artificially engineered materials
(160.3918) Materials : Metamaterials
ToC Category:
Metamaterials
History
Original Manuscript: January 12, 2012
Revised Manuscript: April 19, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: April 23, 2012
Published: June 15, 2012
Citation
A. Reyes-Coronado, M. F. Acosta, R. I. Merino, V. M. Orera, G. Kenanakis, N. Katsarakis, M. Kafesaki, Ch. Mavidis, J. García de Abajo, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Self-organization approach for THz polaritonic metamaterials," Opt. Express 20, 14663-14682 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-13-14663
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References
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- K. C. Huang, P. Bienstman, J. D. Joannopoulos, K. A. Nelson, and S. Fan, “Phonon-polariton excitations in photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. B68, 075209 (2003). [CrossRef]
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- D. L. Woolard, J. O. Jensen, R. J. Hwu, and M. S. Shur, Terahertz Science and Technology for Military and Security Applications (World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2007). [CrossRef]
- K. C. Huang, P. Bienstman, J. D. Joannopoulos, K. A. Nelson, and S. Fan, “Field expulsion and reconfiguration in polaritonic photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett.90, 196402 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- L. Jylhä, I. Kolmakov, S. Maslovski, and S. Tretyakov, “Modeling of isotropic backward-wave materials composed of resonant spheres,” J. Appl. Phys.99, 043102 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- T. Tumkur, G. Zhu, P. Black, Yu. A. Barnakov, C. E. Bonner, and M. A. Noginov, “Control of spontaneous emission in a volume of functionalized hyperbolic metamaterial,” App. Phys. Lett.99, 151115 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Noginov, Yu. A. Barnakov, G. Zhu, T. Tumkur, H. Li, and E. E. Narimanov, “Bulk photonic metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion,” App. Phys. Lett.94, 151105 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Noginov, Y. A. Barnakov, G. Zhu, T. Tumkur, L. Heng, and E. E. Narimanov, “Bulk metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion,” Conference on lasers and electro-optics/International quantum electronics conference, OSA technical digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2009), paper JWC2. [PubMed]
- D. A. Pawlak, S. Turczynski, M. Gajc, K. Kolodziejak, R. Diduszko, K. Rozniatowski, J. Smalc, and I. Vendik, “How far are we from making metamaterials by self-organization,” Adv. Funct. Mater.20, 1116–1124 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Valentine, S. Zhang, T. Zentgraf, E. Ulin-Avila, D. A. Genov, G. Bartal, and X. Zhang, “Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index,” Nature455, 376–379 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Valentine, S. Zhang, T. Zentgraf, E. Ulin-Avila, D. A. Genov, G. Bartal, and X. Zhang, “Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index,” Nature455, 376–379 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. M. Orera, A. Larrea, R. I. Merino, M. A. Rebolledo, J. A. Valles, R. Gotor, and J. I. Peña, “Novel photonic materials made from ionic eutectic compounds,” Acta Phys. Slovaca55, 261–269 (2005).
- D. A. Pawlak, S. Turczynski, M. Gajc, K. Kolodziejak, R. Diduszko, K. Rozniatowski, J. Smalc, and I. Vendik, “How far are we from making metamaterials by self-organization,” Adv. Funct. Mater.20, 1116–1124 (2010). [CrossRef]
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- J. K. Gansel, M. Thiel, M. S. Rill, M. Decker, K. Bade, V. Saile, G. von Freymann, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, “Gold helix photonic metamaterial as broadband circular polarizer,” Science325, 1513–1515 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. K. Gansel, M. Thiel, M. S. Rill, M. Decker, K. Bade, V. Saile, G. von Freymann, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, “Gold helix photonic metamaterial as broadband circular polarizer,” Science325, 1513–1515 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- Z. Liu, H. Lee, Y. Xiong, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, “Far-field optical hyperlens magnifying sub-diffraction-limited objects,” Science315, 1686–1686 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. A. Schuller, R. Zia, T. Taubner, and M. L. Brongersma, “Dielectric metamaterials based on electric and magnetic resonances of silicon carbide particles,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 107401 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Acta Phys. Slovaca
- V. M. Orera, A. Larrea, R. I. Merino, M. A. Rebolledo, J. A. Valles, R. Gotor, and J. I. Peña, “Novel photonic materials made from ionic eutectic compounds,” Acta Phys. Slovaca55, 261–269 (2005).
Adv. Funct. Mater.
- D. A. Pawlak, S. Turczynski, M. Gajc, K. Kolodziejak, R. Diduszko, K. Rozniatowski, J. Smalc, and I. Vendik, “How far are we from making metamaterials by self-organization,” Adv. Funct. Mater.20, 1116–1124 (2010). [CrossRef]
Adv. Mater.
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AIP Conf. Proc.
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App. Phys. Lett.
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Ceramics Trans.
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EAS Publications Series
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IEEE Trans. Microw.
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J. Appl. Phys.
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J. Cryst. Growth
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J. Mat. Res.
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J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
- S. O’Brien and J. B. Pendry, “Photonic band-gap effects and magnetic activity in dielectric composites,” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter14, 4035–4044 (2002). [CrossRef]
- V. Yannopapas and A. Moroz, “Negative refractive index metamaterials from inherently non-magnetic materials for deep infrared to terahertz frequency ranges,” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter17, 3717–3734 (2005). [CrossRef]
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Nat. Mater.
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Nature
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Opt. Commun.
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Opt. Express
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Opt. Mater.
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Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A
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Phys. Med. Biol.
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Phys. Rev. B
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- A. Kirchner, K. Busch, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Transport properties of random arrays of dielectric cylinders,” Phys. Rev. B57, 277–288 (1998). [CrossRef]
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- W. T. Doyle, “Optical properties of a suspension of metal spheres,” Phys. Rev. B39, 9852–9858 (1989). [CrossRef]
- P. A. Belov, R. Marqués, S. I. Maslovski, I. S. Nefedov, M. Silveirinha, C. R. Simovski, and S. A. Tretyakov, “Strong spatial dispersion in wire media in the very large wavelength limit,” Phys. Rev. B67, 113103 (2003). [CrossRef]
- K. C. Huang, P. Bienstman, J. D. Joannopoulos, K. A. Nelson, and S. Fan, “Phonon-polariton excitations in photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. B68, 075209 (2003). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- K. C. Huang, P. Bienstman, J. D. Joannopoulos, K. A. Nelson, and S. Fan, “Field expulsion and reconfiguration in polaritonic photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett.90, 196402 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Prog. Mater. Sci.
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Science
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- J. K. Gansel, M. Thiel, M. S. Rill, M. Decker, K. Bade, V. Saile, G. von Freymann, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, “Gold helix photonic metamaterial as broadband circular polarizer,” Science325, 1513–1515 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Sov. Phys. Usp.
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Other
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2011, Tumkur, App. Phys. Lett.
- T. Tumkur, G. Zhu, P. Black, Yu. A. Barnakov, C. E. Bonner, and M. A. Noginov, “Control of spontaneous emission in a volume of functionalized hyperbolic metamaterial,” App. Phys. Lett.99, 151115 (2011). [CrossRef]
- V. M. Orera, J. I. Peña, A. Larrea, R. I. Merino, and P. B. Oliete, “Engineered self-organized microstructures using directional solidification of eutectics,” Ceramics Trans.225, 185–196 (2011).
- S. Foteinopoulou, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Two-dimensional polaritonic photonic crystals as terahertz uniaxial metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. B84, 035128 (2011). [CrossRef]
- D. A. Pawlak, S. Turczynski, M. Gajc, K. Kolodziejak, R. Diduszko, K. Rozniatowski, J. Smalc, and I. Vendik, “How far are we from making metamaterials by self-organization,” Adv. Funct. Mater.20, 1116–1124 (2010). [CrossRef]
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- M. A. Noginov, Yu. A. Barnakov, G. Zhu, T. Tumkur, H. Li, and E. E. Narimanov, “Bulk photonic metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion,” App. Phys. Lett.94, 151105 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. K. Gansel, M. Thiel, M. S. Rill, M. Decker, K. Bade, V. Saile, G. von Freymann, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, “Gold helix photonic metamaterial as broadband circular polarizer,” Science325, 1513–1515 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Fang, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Optical anisotropic metamaterials: negative refraction and focusing,” Phys. Rev. B79, 245127 (2009). [CrossRef]
- N. Liu, H. Guo, L. Fu, S. Kaiser, H. Schweizer, and H. Giessen, “Three-dimensional photonic metamaterials at optical frequencies,” Nat. Mater.7, 31–37 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. Valentine, S. Zhang, T. Zentgraf, E. Ulin-Avila, D. A. Genov, G. Bartal, and X. Zhang, “Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index,” Nature455, 376–379 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Schuller, R. Zia, T. Taubner, and M. L. Brongersma, “Dielectric metamaterials based on electric and magnetic resonances of silicon carbide particles,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 107401 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Minier, G. Durand, P.-O. Lagage, M. Talvard, T. Travouillon, M. Busso, and G. Tosti, “Submillimetre/terahertz astronomy at dome C with CEA filled bolometer array,” EAS Publications Series25, 321–326 (2007). [CrossRef]
- C. Rockstuhl, F. Lederer, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, and T. Scharf, “Design of an artificial three-dimensional composite metamaterial with magnetic resonances in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99, 017401 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Larrea and V. M. Orera, “Porous crystal structures obtained from directionally solidified eutectic precursors,” J. Cryst. Growth300, 387–393 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Z. Liu, H. Lee, Y. Xiong, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, “Far-field optical hyperlens magnifying sub-diffraction-limited objects,” Science315, 1686–1686 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Salandrino and N. Engheta, “Far-field subdiffraction optical microscopy using metamaterial crystals: theory and simulations,” Phys. Rev. B74, 075103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Llorca and V. M. Orera, “Directionally solidified eutectic ceramic oxides,” Prog. Mater. Sci.51, 711–809 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Jylhä, I. Kolmakov, S. Maslovski, and S. Tretyakov, “Modeling of isotropic backward-wave materials composed of resonant spheres,” J. Appl. Phys.99, 043102 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. Yannopapas and A. Moroz, “Negative refractive index metamaterials from inherently non-magnetic materials for deep infrared to terahertz frequency ranges,” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter17, 3717–3734 (2005). [CrossRef]
- V. M. Orera, A. Larrea, R. I. Merino, M. A. Rebolledo, J. A. Valles, R. Gotor, and J. I. Peña, “Novel photonic materials made from ionic eutectic compounds,” Acta Phys. Slovaca55, 261–269 (2005).
- V. M. Orera and A. Larrea, “NaCl-assisted growth of micrometer-wide long single crystalline fluoride fibres,” Opt. Mater.27, 1726–1729 (2005). [CrossRef]
- P. A. Belov, R. Marqués, S. I. Maslovski, I. S. Nefedov, M. Silveirinha, C. R. Simovski, and S. A. Tretyakov, “Strong spatial dispersion in wire media in the very large wavelength limit,” Phys. Rev. B67, 113103 (2003). [CrossRef]
- K. C. Huang, P. Bienstman, J. D. Joannopoulos, K. A. Nelson, and S. Fan, “Phonon-polariton excitations in photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. B68, 075209 (2003). [CrossRef]
- K. C. Huang, P. Bienstman, J. D. Joannopoulos, K. A. Nelson, and S. Fan, “Field expulsion and reconfiguration in polaritonic photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett.90, 196402 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith and D. Schurig, “Electromagnetic wave propagation in media with indefinite permittivity and permeability tensors,” Phys. Rev. Lett.90, 077405 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- S. O’Brien and J. B. Pendry, “Photonic band-gap effects and magnetic activity in dielectric composites,” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter14, 4035–4044 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. W. Smye, J. M. Chamberlain, A. J. Fitzgerald, and E. Berry, “The interaction between Terahertz radiation and biological tissue,” Phys. Med. Biol.46, R101–R112 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, “Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.84, 4184–4187 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry, “Negative refraction makes perfect lens,” Phys. Rev. Lett.85, 3966–3969 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Larrea, L. Contreras, R. I. Merino, J. Llorca, and V. M. Orera, “Microstructure and physical properties of CaF2-MgO eutectics produced by the Bridgman method,” J. Mat. Res.15, 1314–1319 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Ruppin, “Evaluation of extended Maxwell-Garnett theories,” Opt. Commun.182, 273–279 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, “Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena,” IEEE Trans. Microw.47, 2075–2084 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, “Low frequency plasmons in thin-wire structures,” J. Phys.: Condens. Matter10, 4785–4809 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Kirchner, K. Busch, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Transport properties of random arrays of dielectric cylinders,” Phys. Rev. B57, 277–288 (1998). [CrossRef]
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