Wide tuning of SiN microring resonators by auto-realigning nematic liquid crystal

doi:10.1364/OE.20.015853

Wide tuning of SiN microring resonators by auto-realigning nematic liquid crystal

Tzyy-Jiann Wang, Shun-Chen Yang, Tien-Jung Chen, and Bo-Yu Chen »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 14, pp. 15853-15858 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.015853

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Abstract

We present wide electrical tuning of microring resonators with auto-realigned nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cladding. By applying electric field, homeotropically-aligned negative Δε NLC with non-rubbed alignment layers is auto-realigned along the microring waveguide due to the protruding of the ridge structure. The consistent cladding index distribution along the microring waveguide produces effective tuning of the resonant wavelength. It achieves a large tuning range of 13nm for TM mode and 2.1nm for TE mode. The NLC reorientation characteristics are investigated by minimizing Oseen-Frank energy. The proposed microring resonator owns the features of large tuning range and bi-polarization wavelength tuning.

OCIS Codes
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
(160.3710) Materials : Liquid crystals
(130.7408) Integrated optics : Wavelength filtering devices

ToC Category:
Integrated Optics

History
Original Manuscript: April 27, 2012
Revised Manuscript: June 12, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: June 18, 2012
Published: June 27, 2012

Citation
Tzyy-Jiann Wang, Shun-Chen Yang, Tien-Jung Chen, and Bo-Yu Chen, "Wide tuning of SiN microring resonators by auto-realigning nematic liquid crystal," Opt. Express 20, 15853-15858 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-14-15853

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References

Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Takahashi, Y. Kanamori, Y. Kokubun, and K. Hane, “A wavelength-selective add-drop switch using silicon microring resonator with a submicron-comb electrostatic actuator,” Opt. Express16(19), 14421–14428 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Lenz and C. K. Madsen, “General optical all-pass filter structures for dispersion control in WDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol.17(7), 1248–1254 (1999). [CrossRef]
C. A. Barrios, M. J. Bañuls, V. González-Pedro, K. B. Gylfason, B. Sánchez, A. Griol, A. Maquieira, H. Sohlström, M. Holgado, and R. Casquel, “Label-free optical biosensing with slot-waveguides,” Opt. Lett.33(7), 708–710 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Mikroulis, E. Roditi, and D. Syvridis, “Direct modulation properties of 1.55-μm InGaAsP/InP microring lasers,” J. Lightwave Technol.26(2), 251–256 (2008). [CrossRef]
M. Gandomkar and V. Ahmadi, “Design and analysis of enhanced second harmonic generation in AlGaAs/AlO(x) microring waveguide,” Opt. Express19(10), 9408–9418 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics1(7), 407–410 (2007). [CrossRef]
T.-J. Wang, C.-H. Chu, and C.-Y. Lin, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators on lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett.32(19), 2777–2779 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. S. Nawrocka, T. Liu, X. Wang, and R. R. Panepucci, “Tunable silicon microring resonator with wide free spectral range,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(7), 071110 (2006). [CrossRef]
Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. Maune, R. Lawson, G. Gunn, A. Scherer, and L. Dalton, “Electrically tunable ring resonators incorporating nematic liquid crystals as cladding layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(23), 4689–4691 (2003). [CrossRef]
W. De Cort, J. Beeckman, R. James, F. A. Fernández, R. Baets, and K. Neyts, “Tuning of silicon-on-insulator ring resonators with liquid crystal cladding using the longitudinal field component,” Opt. Lett.34(13), 2054–2056 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. Cai, Q. Liu, Y. Shi, P. Chen, and S. He, “An effectively tunable microring resonator using a liquid crystal-cladded polymer waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 121109 (2010). [CrossRef]
W. De Cort, J. Beeckman, R. James, F. A. Fernandez, R. Baets, and K. Neyts, “Tuning silicon-on-insulator ring resonators with in-plane switching liquid crystals,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B28(1), 79–85 (2011). [CrossRef]
W. De Cort, J. Beeckman, T. Claes, K. Neyts, and R. Baets, “Wide tuning of silicon-on-insulator ring resonators with a liquid crystal cladding,” Opt. Lett.36(19), 3876–3878 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. L. D. Bougrenet and D. L. Tocnaye, “Engineering liquid crystals for optimal uses in optical communication systems,” Liq. Cryst.31(2), 241–269 (2004). [CrossRef]
J. Beeckman, K. Neyts, and P. J. M. Vanbrabant, “Liquid-crystal photonic applications,” Opt. Eng.50(8), 081202 (2011). [CrossRef]
T.-J. Wang, Y.-H. Huang, and H.-L. Chen, “Resonant-wavelength tuning of microring filters by oxygen plasma treatment,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.17(3), 582–584 (2005). [CrossRef]
P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost, The Physics of Liquid Crystals (Oxford U. Press, 1995).

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[1] Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] K. Takahashi, Y. Kanamori, Y. Kokubun, and K. Hane, “A wavelength-selective add-drop switch using silicon microring resonator with a submicron-comb electrostatic actuator,” Opt. Express16(19), 14421–14428 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] G. Lenz and C. K. Madsen, “General optical all-pass filter structures for dispersion control in WDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol.17(7), 1248–1254 (1999). [CrossRef]

[4] C. A. Barrios, M. J. Bañuls, V. González-Pedro, K. B. Gylfason, B. Sánchez, A. Griol, A. Maquieira, H. Sohlström, M. Holgado, and R. Casquel, “Label-free optical biosensing with slot-waveguides,” Opt. Lett.33(7), 708–710 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] S. Mikroulis, E. Roditi, and D. Syvridis, “Direct modulation properties of 1.55-μm InGaAsP/InP microring lasers,” J. Lightwave Technol.26(2), 251–256 (2008). [CrossRef]

[6] M. Gandomkar and V. Ahmadi, “Design and analysis of enhanced second harmonic generation in AlGaAs/AlO(x) microring waveguide,” Opt. Express19(10), 9408–9418 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’innocenti, and P. Günter, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate,” Nat. Photonics1(7), 407–410 (2007). [CrossRef]

[8] T.-J. Wang, C.-H. Chu, and C.-Y. Lin, “Electro-optically tunable microring resonators on lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett.32(19), 2777–2779 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] M. S. Nawrocka, T. Liu, X. Wang, and R. R. Panepucci, “Tunable silicon microring resonator with wide free spectral range,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(7), 071110 (2006). [CrossRef]

[10] Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] B. Maune, R. Lawson, G. Gunn, A. Scherer, and L. Dalton, “Electrically tunable ring resonators incorporating nematic liquid crystals as cladding layers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(23), 4689–4691 (2003). [CrossRef]

[12] W. De Cort, J. Beeckman, R. James, F. A. Fernández, R. Baets, and K. Neyts, “Tuning of silicon-on-insulator ring resonators with liquid crystal cladding using the longitudinal field component,” Opt. Lett.34(13), 2054–2056 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] T. Cai, Q. Liu, Y. Shi, P. Chen, and S. He, “An effectively tunable microring resonator using a liquid crystal-cladded polymer waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 121109 (2010). [CrossRef]

[14] W. De Cort, J. Beeckman, R. James, F. A. Fernandez, R. Baets, and K. Neyts, “Tuning silicon-on-insulator ring resonators with in-plane switching liquid crystals,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B28(1), 79–85 (2011). [CrossRef]

[15] W. De Cort, J. Beeckman, T. Claes, K. Neyts, and R. Baets, “Wide tuning of silicon-on-insulator ring resonators with a liquid crystal cladding,” Opt. Lett.36(19), 3876–3878 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] J. L. D. Bougrenet and D. L. Tocnaye, “Engineering liquid crystals for optimal uses in optical communication systems,” Liq. Cryst.31(2), 241–269 (2004). [CrossRef]

[17] J. Beeckman, K. Neyts, and P. J. M. Vanbrabant, “Liquid-crystal photonic applications,” Opt. Eng.50(8), 081202 (2011). [CrossRef]

[18] T.-J. Wang, Y.-H. Huang, and H.-L. Chen, “Resonant-wavelength tuning of microring filters by oxygen plasma treatment,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.17(3), 582–584 (2005). [CrossRef]

[19] P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost, The Physics of Liquid Crystals (Oxford U. Press, 1995).

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Wide tuning of SiN microring resonators by auto-realigning nematic liquid crystal