© 2012 OSA

1. V. M. Shalaev, “Optical negative-index metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics1, 41–48 (2007). [CrossRef]
2. C. M. Soukoulis and M. Wegener, “Past achievements and future challenges in the development of three-dimensional photonic metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics5, 523–530 (2011).
3. J. N. Anker, W. P. Hall, O. Lyandres, N. C. Shah, J. Zhao, and R. P. van Duyne, “Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors,” Nature Mater.7, 442–453 (2008). [CrossRef]
4. N. Liu, M. L. Tang, M. Hentschel, H. Giessen, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Nanoantenna-enhanced gas sensing in a single tailored nanofocus,” Nature Mater.10, 631–636 (2011). [CrossRef]
5. A. Cattoni, P. Ghenuche, A. M. Haghiri-Gosnet, D. Decanini, J. Chen, J.-L. Pelouard, and S. Collin, “λ3/1000 plasmonic nanocavities for biosensing fabricated by soft uv nanoimprint lithography,” Nano Lett.11, 3557–3563 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. H. A. Atwater and A. Polman, “Plasmonic for improved photovoltaic devices,” Nature Mater.9, 205–213 (2010). [CrossRef]
7. I. S. Maksymov, M. Besbes, J.-P. Hugonin, J. Yang, A. Beveratos, I. Sagnes, I. Robert-Philip, and P. Lalanne, “Metal-coated nanocylinder cavity for broadband nonclassical light emission,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105, 180502 (2010).
8. J. T. Choy, B. J. M. Hausmann, T. M. Babinec, I. Bulu, M. Khan, P. Maletinsky, A. Yacoby, and M. Loncar, “Enhanced single-photon emission from a diamond-silver aperture,” Nat. Photonics5, 738–743 (2011). [CrossRef]
9. M. P. Nezhad, A. Simic, O. Bondarenko, B. Slutsky, A. Mizrahi, L. Feng, V. Lomakin, and Y. Fainman, “Room-temperature subwavelength metallo-dielectric lasers,” Nat. Photonics4, 395–399 (2010). [CrossRef]
10. H. Raether, Surface Plasmons on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on Gratings (Springer, Berlin, 1988).
11. H. T. Miyazaki and Y. Kurokawa, “Squeezing visible light waves into a 3-nm-thick and 55-nm-long plasmon cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96, 097401 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. G. Leveque and O. J. F. Martin, “Tunable composite nanoparticle for plasmonics,” Opt. Lett.31, 2750–2752 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. M. Kuttge, F. J. G. de Abajo, and A. Polman, “Ultrasmall mode volume plasmonic nanodisk resonators,” Nano Lett.10, 1537–1541 (2010). [CrossRef]
14. G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, “Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials,” Opt. Lett.30, 3198–3200 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. V. M. Shalaev, W. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, H. K. Yuan, A. K. Sarychev, V. P. Drachev, and A. V. Kildishev, “Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials,” Opt. Lett.30, 3356–3358 (2005). [CrossRef]
16. S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, “Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. A. Mary, S. G. Rodrigo, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and L. Martin-Moreno, “Theory of negative-refractive-index response of double-fishnet structures,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101, 103902 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. J. Yang, C. Sauvan, H. T. Liu, and P. Lalanne, “Theory of fishnet negative-index optical metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107, 043903 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. L. C. Lindquist, W. A. Luhman, S. H. Oh, and R. J. Holmes, “Plasmonic nanocavity arrays for enhanced efficiency in organic photovoltaic cells,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93, 123308 (2008). [CrossRef]
20. J. Le Perchec, Y. Desieres, and R. Espiau de Lamaestre, “Plasmon-based photosensors comprising a very thin semiconducting region,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94, 181104 (2009). [CrossRef]
21. N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, “Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor,” Nano Lett.10, 2342–2348 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. J. Hao, J. Wang, X. Liu, W. J. Padilla, L. Zhou, and M. Qiu, “High performance optical absorber based on a plasmonic metamaterial,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96, 251104 (2010). [CrossRef]
23. C. Wu, B. Neuner, G. Shvets, J. John, A. Milder, B. Zollars, and S. Savoy, “Large-area wide-angle spectrally selective plasmonic absorber,” Phys. Rev. B84, 075102 (2011). [CrossRef]
24. C. Koechlin, P. Bouchon, F. Pardo, J. Jaeck, X. Lafosse, J.-L. Pelouard, and R. Haidar, “Total routing and absorption of photons in dual color plasmonic antennas,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99, 241104 (2011). [CrossRef]
25. Y. Kurokawa and H. T. Miyazaki, “Metal-insulator-metal plasmon nanocavities: analysis of optical properties,” Phys. Rev. B75, 035411 (2007). [CrossRef]
26. S. I. Bozhevolnyi and T. Søndergaard, “General properties of slow-plasmon resonant nanostructures: nano-antennas and resonators,” Opt. Express15, 10869–10877 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
27. J. Jung, T. Søndergaard, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, “Gap plasmon-polariton nanoresonators: scattering enhancement and launching of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. B79, 035401 (2007). [CrossRef]
28. F. Garwe, C. Rockstuhl, C. Etrich, U. Hübner, U. Bauerschäfer, F. Setzpfandt, M. Augustin, T. Pertsch, A. Tünnermann, and F. Lederer, “Evaluation of gold nanowire pairs as a potential negative index material,” Appl. Phys. B84, 139–148 (2006). [CrossRef]
29. C. Rockstuhl, C. Menzel, S. Mühlig, J. Petschulat, C. Helgert, C. Etrich, A. Chipouline, T. Pertsch, and F. Lederer, “Scattering properties of meta-atoms,” Phys. Rev. B83, 245119 (2011). [CrossRef]
30. C. Sauvan, P. Lalanne, and J.-P. Hugonin, “Slow-wave effect and mode-profile matching in photonic crystal microcavities,” Phys. Rev. B71, 165118 (2005). [CrossRef]
31. P. Lalanne, C. Sauvan, and J.-P. Hugonin, “Photon confinement in photonic crystal nanocavities,” Laser and Photon. Rev.2, 514–526 (2008). [CrossRef]
32. H. Ditlbacher, A. Hohenau, D. Wagner, U. Kreibig, M. Rogers, F. Hofer, F. R. Aussenegg, and J. R. Krenn, “Silver nanowires as surface plasmon resonators,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 257403 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
33. L. Novotny, “Effective wavelength scaling for optical antennas,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98, 266802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
34. E. S. Barnard, J. S. White, A. Chandran, and M. L. Brongersma, “Spectral properties of plasmonic resonator antennas,” Opt. Express16, 16529–16537 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
35. J. Dorfmuller, R. Vogelgesang, R. T. Weitz, C. Rockstuhl, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, F. Lederer, and K. Kern, “Fabry-perot resonances in one-dimensional plasmonic nanostructures,” Nano Lett.9, 2372–2377 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
36. T. H. Taminiau, F. D. Stefani, and N. F. van Hulst, “Optical nanorod antennas modeled as cavities for dipolar emitters: evolution of sub- and super-radiant modes,” Nano Lett.11, 1020–1024 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
37. F. Wang and Y. R. Shen, “General properties of local plasmons in metal nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97, 206806 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
38. P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical constants of the noble metals,” Phys. Rev. B6, 4370 (1972). [CrossRef]
39. E. Silberstein, P. Lalanne, J.-P. Hugonin, and Q. Cao, “On the use of grating theory in integrated optics,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A18, 2865–2875 (2001). [CrossRef]
40. M. Besbes, J.-P. Hugonin, P. Lalanne, S. van Haver, O. T. A. Janssen, A. M. Nugrowati, M. Xu, S. F. Pereira, H. P. Urbach, A. S. van de Nes, P. Bienstman, G. Granet, A. Moreau, S. Helfert, M. Sukharev, T. Seideman, F. I. Baida, B. Guizal, and D. V. Labeke, “Numerical analysis of a slit-groove diffraction problem,” J. Europ. Opt. Soc. Rap. Public.2, 07022 (2007). [CrossRef]
41. E. N. Economou, “Surface plasmons in thin films,” Phys. Rev.182, 539–554 (1969). [CrossRef]
42. Because of symmetry reasons, anti-symmetric higher-order modes do not impact the reflectivity of the symmetric fundamental mode.
43. Unusual Fabry-Perot resonances with m = 0 may exist in subwavelength metallic structures, see E. Feigenbaum and M. Orenstein, “Ultrasmall volume plasmons, yet with complete retardation effects”, Phys. Rev. Lett.101, 163902 (2008). For this situation to occur, the positive propagation phase has to be fully compensated by a negative reflection phase. Such a resonance does not exist in the MIM resonators under study since ϕr ≈ 0. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
44. The assumption Lp ≪ L is valid, since for large waveguide cross-sections (w = 100 nm and td = 100 nm) Lp ≈ 5 nm ≪ L ≈ 100 nm and for small cross-sections (w = 40 nm and td < 25 nm) Lp < 1 nm ≪ L ≈ 30 nm.
45. C. F. Bohren and D. R. Huffman, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (Wiley, New York, 1983).
46. S. B. Hasan, R. Filter, A. Ahmed, R. Vogelgesang, R. Gordon, C. Rockstuhl, and F. Lederer, “Relating localized nanoparticle resonances to an associated antenna problem,” Phys. Rev. B84, 195405 (2011). [CrossRef]
47. G. Della Valle, T. Søndergaard, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, “High-Q plasmonic resonators based on metal split nanocylinders,” Phys. Rev. B80, 235405 (2009). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. B

• F. Garwe, C. Rockstuhl, C. Etrich, U. Hübner, U. Bauerschäfer, F. Setzpfandt, M. Augustin, T. Pertsch, A. Tünnermann, and F. Lederer, “Evaluation of gold nanowire pairs as a potential negative index material,” Appl. Phys. B84, 139–148 (2006). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• J. Hao, J. Wang, X. Liu, W. J. Padilla, L. Zhou, and M. Qiu, “High performance optical absorber based on a plasmonic metamaterial,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96, 251104 (2010). [CrossRef]
• C. Koechlin, P. Bouchon, F. Pardo, J. Jaeck, X. Lafosse, J.-L. Pelouard, and R. Haidar, “Total routing and absorption of photons in dual color plasmonic antennas,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99, 241104 (2011). [CrossRef]
• L. C. Lindquist, W. A. Luhman, S. H. Oh, and R. J. Holmes, “Plasmonic nanocavity arrays for enhanced efficiency in organic photovoltaic cells,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93, 123308 (2008). [CrossRef]
• J. Le Perchec, Y. Desieres, and R. Espiau de Lamaestre, “Plasmon-based photosensors comprising a very thin semiconducting region,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94, 181104 (2009). [CrossRef]

J. Europ. Opt. Soc. Rap. Public.

• M. Besbes, J.-P. Hugonin, P. Lalanne, S. van Haver, O. T. A. Janssen, A. M. Nugrowati, M. Xu, S. F. Pereira, H. P. Urbach, A. S. van de Nes, P. Bienstman, G. Granet, A. Moreau, S. Helfert, M. Sukharev, T. Seideman, F. I. Baida, B. Guizal, and D. V. Labeke, “Numerical analysis of a slit-groove diffraction problem,” J. Europ. Opt. Soc. Rap. Public.2, 07022 (2007). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

• E. Silberstein, P. Lalanne, J.-P. Hugonin, and Q. Cao, “On the use of grating theory in integrated optics,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A18, 2865–2875 (2001). [CrossRef]

Laser and Photon. Rev.

• P. Lalanne, C. Sauvan, and J.-P. Hugonin, “Photon confinement in photonic crystal nanocavities,” Laser and Photon. Rev.2, 514–526 (2008). [CrossRef]

Nano Lett.

• J. Dorfmuller, R. Vogelgesang, R. T. Weitz, C. Rockstuhl, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, F. Lederer, and K. Kern, “Fabry-perot resonances in one-dimensional plasmonic nanostructures,” Nano Lett.9, 2372–2377 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• T. H. Taminiau, F. D. Stefani, and N. F. van Hulst, “Optical nanorod antennas modeled as cavities for dipolar emitters: evolution of sub- and super-radiant modes,” Nano Lett.11, 1020–1024 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• N. Liu, M. Mesch, T. Weiss, M. Hentschel, and H. Giessen, “Infrared perfect absorber and its application as plasmonic sensor,” Nano Lett.10, 2342–2348 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. Kuttge, F. J. G. de Abajo, and A. Polman, “Ultrasmall mode volume plasmonic nanodisk resonators,” Nano Lett.10, 1537–1541 (2010). [CrossRef]
• A. Cattoni, P. Ghenuche, A. M. Haghiri-Gosnet, D. Decanini, J. Chen, J.-L. Pelouard, and S. Collin, “λ3/1000 plasmonic nanocavities for biosensing fabricated by soft uv nanoimprint lithography,” Nano Lett.11, 3557–3563 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Photonics

• J. T. Choy, B. J. M. Hausmann, T. M. Babinec, I. Bulu, M. Khan, P. Maletinsky, A. Yacoby, and M. Loncar, “Enhanced single-photon emission from a diamond-silver aperture,” Nat. Photonics5, 738–743 (2011). [CrossRef]
• M. P. Nezhad, A. Simic, O. Bondarenko, B. Slutsky, A. Mizrahi, L. Feng, V. Lomakin, and Y. Fainman, “Room-temperature subwavelength metallo-dielectric lasers,” Nat. Photonics4, 395–399 (2010). [CrossRef]
• V. M. Shalaev, “Optical negative-index metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics1, 41–48 (2007). [CrossRef]
• C. M. Soukoulis and M. Wegener, “Past achievements and future challenges in the development of three-dimensional photonic metamaterials,” Nat. Photonics5, 523–530 (2011).

Nature Mater.

• J. N. Anker, W. P. Hall, O. Lyandres, N. C. Shah, J. Zhao, and R. P. van Duyne, “Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors,” Nature Mater.7, 442–453 (2008). [CrossRef]
• N. Liu, M. L. Tang, M. Hentschel, H. Giessen, and A. P. Alivisatos, “Nanoantenna-enhanced gas sensing in a single tailored nanofocus,” Nature Mater.10, 631–636 (2011). [CrossRef]
• H. A. Atwater and A. Polman, “Plasmonic for improved photovoltaic devices,” Nature Mater.9, 205–213 (2010). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• E. S. Barnard, J. S. White, A. Chandran, and M. L. Brongersma, “Spectral properties of plasmonic resonator antennas,” Opt. Express16, 16529–16537 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. I. Bozhevolnyi and T. Søndergaard, “General properties of slow-plasmon resonant nanostructures: nano-antennas and resonators,” Opt. Express15, 10869–10877 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, “Cut-wire pairs and plate pairs as magnetic atoms for optical metamaterials,” Opt. Lett.30, 3198–3200 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• V. M. Shalaev, W. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, H. K. Yuan, A. K. Sarychev, V. P. Drachev, and A. V. Kildishev, “Negative index of refraction in optical metamaterials,” Opt. Lett.30, 3356–3358 (2005). [CrossRef]
• G. Leveque and O. J. F. Martin, “Tunable composite nanoparticle for plasmonics,” Opt. Lett.31, 2750–2752 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev.

• E. N. Economou, “Surface plasmons in thin films,” Phys. Rev.182, 539–554 (1969). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. B

• P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical constants of the noble metals,” Phys. Rev. B6, 4370 (1972). [CrossRef]
• J. Jung, T. Søndergaard, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, “Gap plasmon-polariton nanoresonators: scattering enhancement and launching of surface plasmon polaritons,” Phys. Rev. B79, 035401 (2007). [CrossRef]
• C. Rockstuhl, C. Menzel, S. Mühlig, J. Petschulat, C. Helgert, C. Etrich, A. Chipouline, T. Pertsch, and F. Lederer, “Scattering properties of meta-atoms,” Phys. Rev. B83, 245119 (2011). [CrossRef]
• C. Sauvan, P. Lalanne, and J.-P. Hugonin, “Slow-wave effect and mode-profile matching in photonic crystal microcavities,” Phys. Rev. B71, 165118 (2005). [CrossRef]
• Y. Kurokawa and H. T. Miyazaki, “Metal-insulator-metal plasmon nanocavities: analysis of optical properties,” Phys. Rev. B75, 035411 (2007). [CrossRef]
• C. Wu, B. Neuner, G. Shvets, J. John, A. Milder, B. Zollars, and S. Savoy, “Large-area wide-angle spectrally selective plasmonic absorber,” Phys. Rev. B84, 075102 (2011). [CrossRef]
• S. B. Hasan, R. Filter, A. Ahmed, R. Vogelgesang, R. Gordon, C. Rockstuhl, and F. Lederer, “Relating localized nanoparticle resonances to an associated antenna problem,” Phys. Rev. B84, 195405 (2011). [CrossRef]
• G. Della Valle, T. Søndergaard, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, “High-Q plasmonic resonators based on metal split nanocylinders,” Phys. Rev. B80, 235405 (2009). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

• Unusual Fabry-Perot resonances with m = 0 may exist in subwavelength metallic structures, see E. Feigenbaum and M. Orenstein, “Ultrasmall volume plasmons, yet with complete retardation effects”, Phys. Rev. Lett.101, 163902 (2008). For this situation to occur, the positive propagation phase has to be fully compensated by a negative reflection phase. Such a resonance does not exist in the MIM resonators under study since ϕr ≈ 0. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• F. Wang and Y. R. Shen, “General properties of local plasmons in metal nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97, 206806 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• H. Ditlbacher, A. Hohenau, D. Wagner, U. Kreibig, M. Rogers, F. Hofer, F. R. Aussenegg, and J. R. Krenn, “Silver nanowires as surface plasmon resonators,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 257403 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• L. Novotny, “Effective wavelength scaling for optical antennas,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98, 266802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• H. T. Miyazaki and Y. Kurokawa, “Squeezing visible light waves into a 3-nm-thick and 55-nm-long plasmon cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96, 097401 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. Zhang, W. Fan, N. C. Panoiu, K. J. Malloy, R. M. Osgood, and S. R. J. Brueck, “Experimental demonstration of near-infrared negative-index metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 137404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. Mary, S. G. Rodrigo, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and L. Martin-Moreno, “Theory of negative-refractive-index response of double-fishnet structures,” Phys. Rev. Lett.101, 103902 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Yang, C. Sauvan, H. T. Liu, and P. Lalanne, “Theory of fishnet negative-index optical metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107, 043903 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• I. S. Maksymov, M. Besbes, J.-P. Hugonin, J. Yang, A. Beveratos, I. Sagnes, I. Robert-Philip, and P. Lalanne, “Metal-coated nanocylinder cavity for broadband nonclassical light emission,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105, 180502 (2010).

Other

• H. Raether, Surface Plasmons on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on Gratings (Springer, Berlin, 1988).
• Because of symmetry reasons, anti-symmetric higher-order modes do not impact the reflectivity of the symmetric fundamental mode.
• The assumption Lp ≪ L is valid, since for large waveguide cross-sections (w = 100 nm and td = 100 nm) Lp ≈ 5 nm ≪ L ≈ 100 nm and for small cross-sections (w = 40 nm and td < 25 nm) Lp < 1 nm ≪ L ≈ 30 nm.
• C. F. Bohren and D. R. Huffman, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (Wiley, New York, 1983).

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