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Spoof four-wave mixing for all-optical wavelength conversionYongkang Gong, Jungang Huang, Kang Li, Nigel Copner, J. J. Martinez, Leirang Wang, Tao Duan, Wenfu Zhang, and W. H. Loh »View Author Affiliations
Yongkang Gong,1, 2,*
Jungang Huang,1
Kang Li,1, 2
Nigel Copner,1
J. J. Martinez,1
Leirang Wang,2
Tao Duan,2
Wenfu Zhang,2
and W. H. Loh3
1Faculty of Advanced Technology, University of Glamorgan, CF37 1DL, UK 2State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119,China 3Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK *Corresponding author: ygong@glam.ac.uk |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 21, pp. 24030-24037 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.024030
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Abstract
We present for the first time an all-optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) scheme supporting modulation format independency without requiring phase matching. The new scheme is named “spoof” four wave mixing (SFWM) and in contrast to the well-known FWM theory, where the induced dynamic refractive index grating modulates photons to create a wave at a new frequency, the SFWM is different in that the dynamic refractive index grating is generated in a nonlinear Bragg Grating (BG) to excite additional reflective peaks at either side of the original BG bandgap in reflection spectrum. This fundamental difference enable the SFWM to avoid the intrinsic shortcoming of stringent phase matching required in the conventional FWM, and allows AOWC with modulation format transparency and ultrabroad conversion range, which may have great potential applications for next generation of all-optical networks.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(230.1150) Optical devices : All-optical devices
(060.1155) Fiber optics and optical communications : All-optical networks
(050.5298) Diffraction and gratings : Photonic crystals
ToC Category:
Optical Devices
History
Original Manuscript: August 21, 2012
Revised Manuscript: September 26, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: September 27, 2012
Published: October 5, 2012
Citation
Yongkang Gong, Jungang Huang, Kang Li, Nigel Copner, J. J. Martinez, Leirang Wang, Tao Duan, Wenfu Zhang, and W. H. Loh, "Spoof four-wave mixing for all-optical wavelength conversion," Opt. Express 20, 24030-24037 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-21-24030
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Hansen, K.
- H. Ahmad, N. A. Awang, A. A. Latif, M. Z. Zulkifli, Z. A. Ghani, and S. W. Harun, “Wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber in ring configuration,” Laser Phys. Lett. 8(10), 742–746 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. H. Lee, T. Nagashima, T. Hasegawa, S. Ohara, N. Sugimoto, and K. Kikuchi, “Wide-band tunable wavelength conversion of 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signal using cross-phase-Modulation-induced polarization rotation in 1-m bismuth oxide-based nonlinear optical fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1), 298–300 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Matsuura and N. Kishi, “High-Speed Wavelength Conversion of RZ-DPSK Signal Using FWM in a Quantum-Dot SOA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23(10), 615–617 (2011).
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- R. K. W. Lau, M. Ménard, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner-Foster, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Continuous-wave mid-infrared frequency conversion in silicon nanowaveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1263–1265 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner-Foster, M. A. Foster, R. Salem, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Frequency conversion over two-thirds of an octave in silicon nanowaveguides,” Opt. Express 18(3), 1904–1908 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip,” Nature 441(7096), 960–963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Lu, G. W.
- G. W. Lu, K. K. Abedin, and T. Miyazaki, “All-optical RZ-DPSK WDM to RZ-DQPSK phase multiplexing using four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(21), 1699–1701 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Matsuura, O. Raz, F. Gomez-Agis, N. Calabretta, and H. J. S. Dorren, “Ultrahigh-speed and widely tunable wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation in a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier,” Opt. Express 19(26), B551–B559 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. Matsuura and N. Kishi, “High-Speed Wavelength Conversion of RZ-DPSK Signal Using FWM in a Quantum-Dot SOA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23(10), 615–617 (2011).
- M. Matsuura, O. Raz, F. Gomez-Agis, N. Calabretta, and H. J. S. Dorren, “320 Gbit/s wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Opt. Lett. 36(15), 2910–2912 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. W. Lu, K. K. Abedin, and T. Miyazaki, “All-optical RZ-DPSK WDM to RZ-DQPSK phase multiplexing using four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(21), 1699–1701 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zlatanovic, J. S. Park, S. Moro, J. M. C. Boggio, I. B. Divliansky, N. Alic, S. Mookherjea, and S. Radic, “Mid-infrared wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides using ultracompact telecom-band-derived pump source,” Nat. Photonics 4(8), 561–564 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. Zlatanovic, J. S. Park, S. Moro, J. M. C. Boggio, I. B. Divliansky, N. Alic, S. Mookherjea, and S. Radic, “Mid-infrared wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides using ultracompact telecom-band-derived pump source,” Nat. Photonics 4(8), 561–564 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. H. Lee, T. Nagashima, T. Hasegawa, S. Ohara, N. Sugimoto, and K. Kikuchi, “Wide-band tunable wavelength conversion of 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signal using cross-phase-Modulation-induced polarization rotation in 1-m bismuth oxide-based nonlinear optical fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1), 298–300 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. H. Lee, T. Nagashima, T. Hasegawa, S. Ohara, N. Sugimoto, and K. Kikuchi, “Wide-band tunable wavelength conversion of 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signal using cross-phase-Modulation-induced polarization rotation in 1-m bismuth oxide-based nonlinear optical fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1), 298–300 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Driscoll, W. B. Astar, X. B. Liu, J. I. Dadap, W. M. J. Green, Y. A. Vlasov, G. M. Carter, and J. R. M. Osgood, “All-optical wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s RZ-OOK data in a silicon nanowire via cross-phase modulation: experiment and theoretical investigation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(5), 1448–1459 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Paniccia, M.
Park, J. S.
- S. Zlatanovic, J. S. Park, S. Moro, J. M. C. Boggio, I. B. Divliansky, N. Alic, S. Mookherjea, and S. Radic, “Mid-infrared wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides using ultracompact telecom-band-derived pump source,” Nat. Photonics 4(8), 561–564 (2010). [CrossRef]
- N. Amaya, G. S. Zervas, B. R. Rofoee, M. Irfan, Y. Qin, and D. Simeonidou, “Field trial of a 1.5 Tb/s adaptive and gridless OXC supporting elastic 1000-fold all-optical bandwidth granularity,” Opt. Express 19(26), B235–B241 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. S. Zervas, V. Martini, Y. Qin, E. Escalona, R. Nejabati, D. Simeonidou, F. Baroncelli, B. Martini, K. Torkmen, and P. Castoldi, “Service-oriented multigranular optical network architecture for clouds,” J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 2(10), 883–891 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Dinu, F. Quochi, and H. Garcia, “Third-order nonlinearities in silicon at telecom wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(18), 2954–2956 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Zlatanovic, J. S. Park, S. Moro, J. M. C. Boggio, I. B. Divliansky, N. Alic, S. Mookherjea, and S. Radic, “Mid-infrared wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides using ultracompact telecom-band-derived pump source,” Nat. Photonics 4(8), 561–564 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Matsuura, O. Raz, F. Gomez-Agis, N. Calabretta, and H. J. S. Dorren, “320 Gbit/s wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Opt. Lett. 36(15), 2910–2912 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. Matsuura, O. Raz, F. Gomez-Agis, N. Calabretta, and H. J. S. Dorren, “Ultrahigh-speed and widely tunable wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation in a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier,” Opt. Express 19(26), B551–B559 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, N. Rotenberg, and H. M. van Driel, “Two-photon absorption and Kerr coefficients of silicon for 850-2200 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191104 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. K. W. Lau, M. Ménard, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner-Foster, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Continuous-wave mid-infrared frequency conversion in silicon nanowaveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1263–1265 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner-Foster, M. A. Foster, R. Salem, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Frequency conversion over two-thirds of an octave in silicon nanowaveguides,” Opt. Express 18(3), 1904–1908 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip,” Nature 441(7096), 960–963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip,” Nature 441(7096), 960–963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Amaya, G. S. Zervas, B. R. Rofoee, M. Irfan, Y. Qin, and D. Simeonidou, “Field trial of a 1.5 Tb/s adaptive and gridless OXC supporting elastic 1000-fold all-optical bandwidth granularity,” Opt. Express 19(26), B235–B241 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Tzanakaki, K. Katrinis, T. Politi, A. Stavdas, M. Pickavet, P. Van Daele, D. Simeonidou, M. J. O’Mahony, S. Aleksi?, L. Wosinska, and P. Monti, “Dimensioning the future pan-European optical network with energy efficiency considerations,” J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 3(4), 272–280 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. S. Zervas, V. Martini, Y. Qin, E. Escalona, R. Nejabati, D. Simeonidou, F. Baroncelli, B. Martini, K. Torkmen, and P. Castoldi, “Service-oriented multigranular optical network architecture for clouds,” J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 2(10), 883–891 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Singh, “Boost up of four wave mixing signal in semiconductor optical amplifier for 40 Gb/s optical frequency conversion,” Opt. Commun. 281(9), 2618–2626 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Subramaniam, M. Azizoglu, and A. K. Somani, “All-optical networks with sparse wavelength conversion,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 4(4), 544–557 (1996). [CrossRef]
- S. Subramaniam, M. Azizoglu, and A. K. Somani, “All-optical networks with sparse wavelength conversion,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 4(4), 544–557 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. H. Lee, T. Nagashima, T. Hasegawa, S. Ohara, N. Sugimoto, and K. Kikuchi, “Wide-band tunable wavelength conversion of 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signal using cross-phase-Modulation-induced polarization rotation in 1-m bismuth oxide-based nonlinear optical fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1), 298–300 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip,” Nature 441(7096), 960–963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. K. W. Lau, M. Ménard, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner-Foster, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Continuous-wave mid-infrared frequency conversion in silicon nanowaveguides,” Opt. Lett. 36(7), 1263–1265 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner-Foster, M. A. Foster, R. Salem, A. L. Gaeta, and M. Lipson, “Frequency conversion over two-thirds of an octave in silicon nanowaveguides,” Opt. Express 18(3), 1904–1908 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. D. Bristow, N. Rotenberg, and H. M. van Driel, “Two-photon absorption and Kerr coefficients of silicon for 850-2200 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191104 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Driscoll, W. B. Astar, X. B. Liu, J. I. Dadap, W. M. J. Green, Y. A. Vlasov, G. M. Carter, and J. R. M. Osgood, “All-optical wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s RZ-OOK data in a silicon nanowire via cross-phase modulation: experiment and theoretical investigation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(5), 1448–1459 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- N. Amaya, G. S. Zervas, B. R. Rofoee, M. Irfan, Y. Qin, and D. Simeonidou, “Field trial of a 1.5 Tb/s adaptive and gridless OXC supporting elastic 1000-fold all-optical bandwidth granularity,” Opt. Express 19(26), B235–B241 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. S. Zervas, V. Martini, Y. Qin, E. Escalona, R. Nejabati, D. Simeonidou, F. Baroncelli, B. Martini, K. Torkmen, and P. Castoldi, “Service-oriented multigranular optical network architecture for clouds,” J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 2(10), 883–891 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zlatanovic, J. S. Park, S. Moro, J. M. C. Boggio, I. B. Divliansky, N. Alic, S. Mookherjea, and S. Radic, “Mid-infrared wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides using ultracompact telecom-band-derived pump source,” Nat. Photonics 4(8), 561–564 (2010). [CrossRef]
- H. Ahmad, N. A. Awang, A. A. Latif, M. Z. Zulkifli, Z. A. Ghani, and S. W. Harun, “Wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber in ring configuration,” Laser Phys. Lett. 8(10), 742–746 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- M. Dinu, F. Quochi, and H. Garcia, “Third-order nonlinearities in silicon at telecom wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(18), 2954–2956 (2003). [CrossRef]
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IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- J. B. Driscoll, W. B. Astar, X. B. Liu, J. I. Dadap, W. M. J. Green, Y. A. Vlasov, G. M. Carter, and J. R. M. Osgood, “All-optical wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s RZ-OOK data in a silicon nanowire via cross-phase modulation: experiment and theoretical investigation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(5), 1448–1459 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- G. W. Lu, K. K. Abedin, and T. Miyazaki, “All-optical RZ-DPSK WDM to RZ-DQPSK phase multiplexing using four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(21), 1699–1701 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. H. Lee, T. Nagashima, T. Hasegawa, S. Ohara, N. Sugimoto, and K. Kikuchi, “Wide-band tunable wavelength conversion of 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signal using cross-phase-Modulation-induced polarization rotation in 1-m bismuth oxide-based nonlinear optical fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1), 298–300 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Matsuura and N. Kishi, “High-Speed Wavelength Conversion of RZ-DPSK Signal Using FWM in a Quantum-Dot SOA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23(10), 615–617 (2011).
IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.
- S. Subramaniam, M. Azizoglu, and A. K. Somani, “All-optical networks with sparse wavelength conversion,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 4(4), 544–557 (1996). [CrossRef]
J. Lightwave Technol.
- S. J. B. Yoo, “Wavelength conversion technologies for WDM network applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(6), 955–966 (1996). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. Commun. Netw.
- A. Tzanakaki, K. Katrinis, T. Politi, A. Stavdas, M. Pickavet, P. Van Daele, D. Simeonidou, M. J. O’Mahony, S. Aleksi?, L. Wosinska, and P. Monti, “Dimensioning the future pan-European optical network with energy efficiency considerations,” J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 3(4), 272–280 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. S. Zervas, V. Martini, Y. Qin, E. Escalona, R. Nejabati, D. Simeonidou, F. Baroncelli, B. Martini, K. Torkmen, and P. Castoldi, “Service-oriented multigranular optical network architecture for clouds,” J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 2(10), 883–891 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Laser Phys. Lett.
- H. Ahmad, N. A. Awang, A. A. Latif, M. Z. Zulkifli, Z. A. Ghani, and S. W. Harun, “Wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber in ring configuration,” Laser Phys. Lett. 8(10), 742–746 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Photonics
- S. Zlatanovic, J. S. Park, S. Moro, J. M. C. Boggio, I. B. Divliansky, N. Alic, S. Mookherjea, and S. Radic, “Mid-infrared wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides using ultracompact telecom-band-derived pump source,” Nat. Photonics 4(8), 561–564 (2010). [CrossRef]
Nature
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip,” Nature 441(7096), 960–963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Commun.
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Opt. Express
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- M. Matsuura, O. Raz, F. Gomez-Agis, N. Calabretta, and H. J. S. Dorren, “Ultrahigh-speed and widely tunable wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation in a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier,” Opt. Express 19(26), B551–B559 (2011). [CrossRef]
- R. Dekker, A. Driessen, T. Wahlbrink, C. Moormann, J. Niehusmann, and M. Först, “Ultrafast Kerr-induced all-optical wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides using 1.55 mum femtosecond pulses,” Opt. Express 14(18), 8336–8346 (2006). [CrossRef]
Opt. Lett.
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Other
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2011, Tzanakaki, J. Opt. Commun. Netw.
- H. Ahmad, N. A. Awang, A. A. Latif, M. Z. Zulkifli, Z. A. Ghani, and S. W. Harun, “Wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber in ring configuration,” Laser Phys. Lett. 8(10), 742–746 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Matsuura and N. Kishi, “High-Speed Wavelength Conversion of RZ-DPSK Signal Using FWM in a Quantum-Dot SOA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23(10), 615–617 (2011).
2010, Turner-Foster, Opt. Express
- S. Zlatanovic, J. S. Park, S. Moro, J. M. C. Boggio, I. B. Divliansky, N. Alic, S. Mookherjea, and S. Radic, “Mid-infrared wavelength conversion in silicon waveguides using ultracompact telecom-band-derived pump source,” Nat. Photonics 4(8), 561–564 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Driscoll, W. B. Astar, X. B. Liu, J. I. Dadap, W. M. J. Green, Y. A. Vlasov, G. M. Carter, and J. R. M. Osgood, “All-optical wavelength conversion of 10 Gb/s RZ-OOK data in a silicon nanowire via cross-phase modulation: experiment and theoretical investigation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(5), 1448–1459 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Singh, “Boost up of four wave mixing signal in semiconductor optical amplifier for 40 Gb/s optical frequency conversion,” Opt. Commun. 281(9), 2618–2626 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. Bristow, N. Rotenberg, and H. M. van Driel, “Two-photon absorption and Kerr coefficients of silicon for 850-2200 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191104 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. W. Lu, K. K. Abedin, and T. Miyazaki, “All-optical RZ-DPSK WDM to RZ-DQPSK phase multiplexing using four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(21), 1699–1701 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip,” Nature 441(7096), 960–963 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. H. Lee, T. Nagashima, T. Hasegawa, S. Ohara, N. Sugimoto, and K. Kikuchi, “Wide-band tunable wavelength conversion of 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signal using cross-phase-Modulation-induced polarization rotation in 1-m bismuth oxide-based nonlinear optical fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(1), 298–300 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Dinu, F. Quochi, and H. Garcia, “Third-order nonlinearities in silicon at telecom wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(18), 2954–2956 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. J. B. Yoo, “Wavelength conversion technologies for WDM network applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(6), 955–966 (1996). [CrossRef]
- S. Subramaniam, M. Azizoglu, and A. K. Somani, “All-optical networks with sparse wavelength conversion,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 4(4), 544–557 (1996). [CrossRef]
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