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The circular-polarization phase-meterBoris Bergues »View Author Affiliations
Boris Bergues*
Laboratory for Attosecond Physics, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany *Corresponding author: boris.bergues@mpq.mpg.de |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 23, pp. 25317-25324 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.025317
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Abstract
A new method to measure the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a strong few-cycle laser pulse is introduced. The new concept relies on above threshold ionization (ATI) in circularly polarized laser fields and allows for CEP tagging every single laser pulse generated in few-cycle laser systems at multi-kHz repetition rates. The implementation of the new method is described and discussed quantitatively. It is shown that the introduced circular-polarization phase-meter may offer a series of advantages over existing CEP-tagging schemes based on ATI in linearly polarized laser fields.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(020.4180) Atomic and molecular physics : Multiphoton processes
(320.2250) Ultrafast optics : Femtosecond phenomena
(320.7100) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast measurements
(320.7160) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast technology
(020.2649) Atomic and molecular physics : Strong field laser physics
ToC Category:
Ultrafast Optics
History
Original Manuscript: July 24, 2012
Revised Manuscript: September 21, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: September 25, 2012
Published: October 23, 2012
Citation
Boris Bergues, "The circular-polarization phase-meter," Opt. Express 20, 25317-25324 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-23-25317
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References
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Adolph, D.
Agostini, P.
Ansari, Zunaira
Apolonski, A.
Baltuka, A.
Baltuska, A.
Baltuška, A.
Becker, W.
Ben-Itzhak, I.
Bergues, B.
Bergues, Boris
Betsch, K. J.
Brabec, T.
Burgdörfer, J.
Butkus, R.
Camus, N.
Cavalieri, A. L.
Chen, Zhangjin
Corkum, P.
Corkum, P. B.
Cundiff, S. T.
Cundiff, Steven T.
De, S.
De Silvestri, S.
Deng, Y.
Diddams, S. A.
Dietrich, P.
Dombi, P.
Drescher, M.
Dunlop, A. E.
Fabre, F.
Ferencz, K.
Fischer, B.
Fuji, T.
Gazibegovic-Busuladžic, A.
Gohle, Ch.
Goulielmakis, E.
Graf, C.
Grasbon, F.
Gu, X.
Hall, John L.
Hansch, T. W.
Hänsch, T. W.
Hänsch, T.W.
Hanstorp, Dag
Hasovic, E.
Heinzmann, U.
Helm, H.
Helml, W.
Hentschel, M.
Herrwerth, O.
Holzwarth, R.
Horvath, B.
Hultgren, H.
Ishii, N.
Ishizuki, H.
Ivanov, M.
Johnson, N. G.
Johnson, Nora G.
Jones, D. J.
Jones, R. R.
Kakehata, M.
Keller, U.
Kienberger, R.
Kiyan, I. Yu.
Kiyan, Igor Yu.
Kleineberg, U.
Kling, M. F.
Kobayashi, T.
Kopold, R.
Krausz, F.
Kremer, M.
Kübel, M.
Lemell, Ch.
Lezius, M.
Lin, C. D.
Lindner, F.
Mainfray, G.
Marcus, G.
Metzger, T.
Miloševic, D. B.
Miloševic, N.
Möller, M.
Mondes, V.
Moshammer, R.
Muller, H. G.
Müller, W.
Müller, Walter
Ni, Y. F.
Nisoli, M.
Paulus, G. G.
Paulus, G.G.
Pervak, V.
Petite, G.
Pfeifer, T.
Plenge, J.
Poppe, A.
Priori, E.
Rahman, N. K.
Ranka, J. K.
Rathje, T
Rathje, T.
Rathje, Tim
Rauschenberger, J.
Reichert, J.
Reider, G. A.
Rudenko, A.
Rühl, E.
Rühle, K.
Rühle, Klaus
Sartania, S.
Sayler, A. M.
Schätzel, M. G.
Schmischke, D.
Schröter, C. D.
Scrinzi, A.
Senftleben, A.
Sharma, V.
Spielmann, Ch.
Stagira, S.
Steinmeyer, G.
Stenger, J.
Stentz, Andrew
Süßmann, F.
Sutter, D. H.
Svelto, O.
Swrschek, P.
Szipöcs, R.
Taira, T.
Teisset, C.
Telle, H. R.
Tempea, G.
Tong, X. M.
Torizuka, K.
Udem, T.
Udem, Th.
Uiberacker, M.
Ullrich, J.
Uphues, T.
Verhoef, A. J.
Villoresi, P.
Vrakking, M. J. J.
Walther, H.
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Wirth, A.
Wittmann, T.
Yakovlev, V. S.
Zherebtsov, S.
Znakovskaya, I.
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- Boris Bergues, Zunaira Ansari, Dag Hanstorp, and Igor Yu. Kiyan, “Photodetachment in a strong laser field: An experimental test of Keldysh-like theories,” Phys. Rev. A75, 063415 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Apolonski, P. Dombi, G.G. Paulus, M. Kakehata, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, Ch. Lemell, K. Torizuka, J. Burgdörfer, T.W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Observation of light-phase-sensitive photoemission from a metal,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 073902 (2004).14995852 [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Apolonski, A. Poppe, G. Tempea, Ch. Spielmann, Th. Udem, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Controlling the phase evolution of few-cycle light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.85, 740–743 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. G. Paulus, F. Lindner, H. Walther, A. Baltuka, E. Goulielmakis, M. Lezius, and F. Krausz, “Measurement of the phase of few-cycle laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 253004 (2003). [CrossRef]
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Baltuška, T. Fuji, and T. Kobayashi, “Controlling the Carrier-envelope phase of ultrashort light pulses with optical parametric amplifiers,” Phys. Rev. Lett.88, 133901 (2002) [CrossRef]
- A. Gazibegović-Busuladžić, D. B. Milošević, W. Becker, B. Bergues, H. Hultgren, and I. Yu. Kiyan, Electron rescattering in above-threshold photodetachment of negative ions, Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 114102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- For a review on rescattering in ATI see for instance: W. Becker, F. Grasbon, R. Kopold, D. B. Milošević, G. G. Paulus, and H. Walther, “Above-threshold ionization: From classical features to quantum effects,” Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys.48, 35–98 (2002). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. Camus, B. Fischer, M. Kremer, V. Sharma, A. Rudenko, B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, M. F. Kling, T. Pfeifer, J. Ullrich, and R. Moshammer, “Attosecond correlated dynamics of two electrons passing through a transition state,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 073003 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Kübel, K. J. Betsch, Nora G. Johnson, U. Kleineberg, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, G. G. Paulus, M. F. Kling, and B. Bergues, “Carrier-envelope-phase tagging in measurements with long acquisition times,” New J. Phys.14, 093027 (2012). [CrossRef]
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- B. Bergues, S. Zherebtsov, Y. Deng, X. Gu, I. Znakovskaya, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, G. Marcus, and M. F. Kling, “Sub-cycle electron control in the photoionization of xenon using a few-cycle laser pulse in the mid-infrared,” New J. Phys.13, 063010 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Gazibegović-Busuladžić, D. B. Milošević, W. Becker, B. Bergues, H. Hultgren, and I. Yu. Kiyan, Electron rescattering in above-threshold photodetachment of negative ions, Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 114102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, Y. F. Ni, H. Helm, and I. Yu. Kiyan, “Experimental study of photodetachment in a strong laser field of circular polarization,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 263002 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Boris Bergues, Zunaira Ansari, Dag Hanstorp, and Igor Yu. Kiyan, “Photodetachment in a strong laser field: An experimental test of Keldysh-like theories,” Phys. Rev. A75, 063415 (2007). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. Kübel, K. J. Betsch, Nora G. Johnson, U. Kleineberg, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, G. G. Paulus, M. F. Kling, and B. Bergues, “Carrier-envelope-phase tagging in measurements with long acquisition times,” New J. Phys.14, 093027 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, Ch. Spielmann, G. A. Reider, N. Milošević, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond metrology,” Nature414, 509–513 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Apolonski, P. Dombi, G.G. Paulus, M. Kakehata, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, Ch. Lemell, K. Torizuka, J. Burgdörfer, T.W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Observation of light-phase-sensitive photoemission from a metal,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 073902 (2004).14995852 [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Camus, B. Fischer, M. Kremer, V. Sharma, A. Rudenko, B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, M. F. Kling, T. Pfeifer, J. Ullrich, and R. Moshammer, “Attosecond correlated dynamics of two electrons passing through a transition state,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 073003 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, W. Helml, M. G. Schätzel, X. Gu, A. L. Cavalieri, G. G. Paulus, and R. Kienberger, “Single-shot carrierenvelope phase measurement of few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature Phys.5, 357–362 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Zhangjin Chen, T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, and C. D. Lin, “Complete real-time temporal waveform characterization of single-shot few-cycle laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. A80, 061402(R) (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, Ch. Spielmann, G. A. Reider, N. Milošević, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond metrology,” Nature414, 509–513 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. T. Cundiff, “Phase stabilization of ultrashort optical pulses,” J. Phys. D35, R43–R59 (2002). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, Andrew Stentz, Robert S. Windeler, John L. Hall, and Steven T. Cundiff, “Carrier- envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science288, 635–639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. G. Paulus, F. Grasbon, H. Walther, P. Villoresi, M. Nisoli, S. Stagira, E. Priori, and S. De Silvestri, “Absolute-phase phenomena in photoionization with few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature414, 182–184 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Nisoli, S. De Silvestri, O. Svelto, R. Szipöcs, K. Ferencz, Ch. Spielmann, S. Sartania, and F. Krausz, “Compression of high-energy laser pulses below 5fs,” Opt. Lett.22, 522–524 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Bergues, S. Zherebtsov, Y. Deng, X. Gu, I. Znakovskaya, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, G. Marcus, and M. F. Kling, “Sub-cycle electron control in the photoionization of xenon using a few-cycle laser pulse in the mid-infrared,” New J. Phys.13, 063010 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, Andrew Stentz, Robert S. Windeler, John L. Hall, and Steven T. Cundiff, “Carrier- envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science288, 635–639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Apolonski, P. Dombi, G.G. Paulus, M. Kakehata, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, Ch. Lemell, K. Torizuka, J. Burgdörfer, T.W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Observation of light-phase-sensitive photoemission from a metal,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 073902 (2004).14995852 [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier- envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69, 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- P. Agostini, F. Fabre, G. Mainfray, G. Petite, and N. K. Rahman, “Free-free transitions following six-photon ionization of xenon atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett.42, 1127–1130 (1979). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. Camus, B. Fischer, M. Kremer, V. Sharma, A. Rudenko, B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, M. F. Kling, T. Pfeifer, J. Ullrich, and R. Moshammer, “Attosecond correlated dynamics of two electrons passing through a transition state,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 073003 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Baltuška, T. Fuji, and T. Kobayashi, “Controlling the Carrier-envelope phase of ultrashort light pulses with optical parametric amplifiers,” Phys. Rev. Lett.88, 133901 (2002) [CrossRef]
- A. Gazibegović-Busuladžić, D. B. Milošević, W. Becker, B. Bergues, H. Hultgren, and I. Yu. Kiyan, Electron rescattering in above-threshold photodetachment of negative ions, Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 114102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- G. G. Paulus, F. Lindner, H. Walther, A. Baltuka, E. Goulielmakis, M. Lezius, and F. Krausz, “Measurement of the phase of few-cycle laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 253004 (2003). [CrossRef]
- F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, J. Plenge, Nora G. Johnson, M. Kübel, A. M. Sayler, V. Mondes, C. Graf, E. Rühl, G. G. Paulus, D. Schmischke, P. Swrschek, and M. F. Kling, “Single-shot velocity-map imaging of attosecond light-field control at kilohertz rate,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 093109 (2011). [CrossRef]
- For a review on rescattering in ATI see for instance: W. Becker, F. Grasbon, R. Kopold, D. B. Milošević, G. G. Paulus, and H. Walther, “Above-threshold ionization: From classical features to quantum effects,” Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys.48, 35–98 (2002). [CrossRef]
- G. G. Paulus, F. Grasbon, H. Walther, P. Villoresi, M. Nisoli, S. Stagira, E. Priori, and S. De Silvestri, “Absolute-phase phenomena in photoionization with few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature414, 182–184 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Bergues, S. Zherebtsov, Y. Deng, X. Gu, I. Znakovskaya, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, G. Marcus, and M. F. Kling, “Sub-cycle electron control in the photoionization of xenon using a few-cycle laser pulse in the mid-infrared,” New J. Phys.13, 063010 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, W. Helml, M. G. Schätzel, X. Gu, A. L. Cavalieri, G. G. Paulus, and R. Kienberger, “Single-shot carrierenvelope phase measurement of few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature Phys.5, 357–362 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, Andrew Stentz, Robert S. Windeler, John L. Hall, and Steven T. Cundiff, “Carrier- envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science288, 635–639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Reichert, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, and T. W. Hansch, “Measuring the Frequency of Light with Mode-locked Lasers,” Opt. Commun.172, 59–68 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, and T. W. Hänsch, “Optical frequency metrology,” Nature416, 233–237 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Apolonski, A. Poppe, G. Tempea, Ch. Spielmann, Th. Udem, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Controlling the phase evolution of few-cycle light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.85, 740–743 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Apolonski, P. Dombi, G.G. Paulus, M. Kakehata, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, Ch. Lemell, K. Torizuka, J. Burgdörfer, T.W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Observation of light-phase-sensitive photoemission from a metal,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 073902 (2004).14995852 [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Boris Bergues, Zunaira Ansari, Dag Hanstorp, and Igor Yu. Kiyan, “Photodetachment in a strong laser field: An experimental test of Keldysh-like theories,” Phys. Rev. A75, 063415 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, A. J. Verhoef, E. Hasović, T. Uphues, D. B. Milošević, H. G. Muller, and M. J. J. Vrakking, “Imaging of carrier-envelope phase effects in above-threshold ionization with intense few-cycle laser fields,” New J. Phys.10, 025024 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, Ch. Spielmann, G. A. Reider, N. Milošević, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond metrology,” Nature414, 509–513 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Bergues, Y. F. Ni, H. Helm, and I. Yu. Kiyan, “Experimental study of photodetachment in a strong laser field of circular polarization,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 263002 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, W. Helml, M. G. Schätzel, X. Gu, A. L. Cavalieri, G. G. Paulus, and R. Kienberger, “Single-shot carrierenvelope phase measurement of few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature Phys.5, 357–362 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, Ch. Spielmann, G. A. Reider, N. Milošević, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond metrology,” Nature414, 509–513 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Apolonski, P. Dombi, G.G. Paulus, M. Kakehata, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, Ch. Lemell, K. Torizuka, J. Burgdörfer, T.W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Observation of light-phase-sensitive photoemission from a metal,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 073902 (2004).14995852 [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, and T. W. Hänsch, “Optical frequency metrology,” Nature416, 233–237 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Apolonski, A. Poppe, G. Tempea, Ch. Spielmann, Th. Udem, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Controlling the phase evolution of few-cycle light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.85, 740–743 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Reichert, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, and T. W. Hansch, “Measuring the Frequency of Light with Mode-locked Lasers,” Opt. Commun.172, 59–68 (1999). [CrossRef]
- T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, W. Helml, M. G. Schätzel, X. Gu, A. L. Cavalieri, G. G. Paulus, and R. Kienberger, “Single-shot carrierenvelope phase measurement of few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature Phys.5, 357–362 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Zhangjin Chen, T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, and C. D. Lin, “Complete real-time temporal waveform characterization of single-shot few-cycle laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. A80, 061402(R) (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Gazibegović-Busuladžić, D. B. Milošević, W. Becker, B. Bergues, H. Hultgren, and I. Yu. Kiyan, Electron rescattering in above-threshold photodetachment of negative ions, Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 114102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, “Attosecond physics,” Rev. Mod. Phys.81, 163–234 (2009). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. Camus, B. Fischer, M. Kremer, V. Sharma, A. Rudenko, B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, M. F. Kling, T. Pfeifer, J. Ullrich, and R. Moshammer, “Attosecond correlated dynamics of two electrons passing through a transition state,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 073003 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Rathje, N. G. Johnson, M. Möller, F. Süßmann, D. Adolph, M. Kübel, R. Kienberger, M. F. Kling, G. G. Paulus, and A. M. Sayler, “Review of attosecond resolved measurement and control via carrierenvelope phase tagging with above-threshold ionization,” J. Phys. B45, 074003 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. Kübel, K. J. Betsch, Nora G. Johnson, U. Kleineberg, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, G. G. Paulus, M. F. Kling, and B. Bergues, “Carrier-envelope-phase tagging in measurements with long acquisition times,” New J. Phys.14, 093027 (2012). [CrossRef]
- F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, J. Plenge, Nora G. Johnson, M. Kübel, A. M. Sayler, V. Mondes, C. Graf, E. Rühl, G. G. Paulus, D. Schmischke, P. Swrschek, and M. F. Kling, “Single-shot velocity-map imaging of attosecond light-field control at kilohertz rate,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 093109 (2011). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, Andrew Stentz, Robert S. Windeler, John L. Hall, and Steven T. Cundiff, “Carrier- envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science288, 635–639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Apolonski, P. Dombi, G.G. Paulus, M. Kakehata, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, Ch. Lemell, K. Torizuka, J. Burgdörfer, T.W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Observation of light-phase-sensitive photoemission from a metal,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 073902 (2004).14995852 [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier- envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69, 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- T. Rathje, N. G. Johnson, M. Möller, F. Süßmann, D. Adolph, M. Kübel, R. Kienberger, M. F. Kling, G. G. Paulus, and A. M. Sayler, “Review of attosecond resolved measurement and control via carrierenvelope phase tagging with above-threshold ionization,” J. Phys. B45, 074003 (2012). [CrossRef]
- A. M. Sayler, Tim Rathje, Walter Müller, Klaus Rühle, R. Kienberger, and G. G. Paulus, “Precise, real-time, every-single-shot, carrier-envelope phase measurement of ultrashort laser pulses,” Opt. Lett.36, 1–3 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Bergues, S. Zherebtsov, Y. Deng, X. Gu, I. Znakovskaya, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, G. Marcus, and M. F. Kling, “Sub-cycle electron control in the photoionization of xenon using a few-cycle laser pulse in the mid-infrared,” New J. Phys.13, 063010 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, W. Helml, M. G. Schätzel, X. Gu, A. L. Cavalieri, G. G. Paulus, and R. Kienberger, “Single-shot carrierenvelope phase measurement of few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature Phys.5, 357–362 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, Ch. Spielmann, G. A. Reider, N. Milošević, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond metrology,” Nature414, 509–513 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Gazibegović-Busuladžić, D. B. Milošević, W. Becker, B. Bergues, H. Hultgren, and I. Yu. Kiyan, Electron rescattering in above-threshold photodetachment of negative ions, Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 114102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, Y. F. Ni, H. Helm, and I. Yu. Kiyan, “Experimental study of photodetachment in a strong laser field of circular polarization,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 263002 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Boris Bergues, Zunaira Ansari, Dag Hanstorp, and Igor Yu. Kiyan, “Photodetachment in a strong laser field: An experimental test of Keldysh-like theories,” Phys. Rev. A75, 063415 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Kübel, K. J. Betsch, Nora G. Johnson, U. Kleineberg, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, G. G. Paulus, M. F. Kling, and B. Bergues, “Carrier-envelope-phase tagging in measurements with long acquisition times,” New J. Phys.14, 093027 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. Kübel, K. J. Betsch, Nora G. Johnson, U. Kleineberg, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, G. G. Paulus, M. F. Kling, and B. Bergues, “Carrier-envelope-phase tagging in measurements with long acquisition times,” New J. Phys.14, 093027 (2012). [CrossRef]
- T. Rathje, N. G. Johnson, M. Möller, F. Süßmann, D. Adolph, M. Kübel, R. Kienberger, M. F. Kling, G. G. Paulus, and A. M. Sayler, “Review of attosecond resolved measurement and control via carrierenvelope phase tagging with above-threshold ionization,” J. Phys. B45, 074003 (2012). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. Camus, B. Fischer, M. Kremer, V. Sharma, A. Rudenko, B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, M. F. Kling, T. Pfeifer, J. Ullrich, and R. Moshammer, “Attosecond correlated dynamics of two electrons passing through a transition state,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 073003 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Bergues, S. Zherebtsov, Y. Deng, X. Gu, I. Znakovskaya, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, G. Marcus, and M. F. Kling, “Sub-cycle electron control in the photoionization of xenon using a few-cycle laser pulse in the mid-infrared,” New J. Phys.13, 063010 (2011). [CrossRef]
- F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, J. Plenge, Nora G. Johnson, M. Kübel, A. M. Sayler, V. Mondes, C. Graf, E. Rühl, G. G. Paulus, D. Schmischke, P. Swrschek, and M. F. Kling, “Single-shot velocity-map imaging of attosecond light-field control at kilohertz rate,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 093109 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. M. Sayler, Tim Rathje, Walter Müller, Klaus Rühle, R. Kienberger, and G. G. Paulus, “Precise, real-time, every-single-shot, carrier-envelope phase measurement of ultrashort laser pulses,” Opt. Lett.36, 1–3 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, J. Plenge, Nora G. Johnson, M. Kübel, A. M. Sayler, V. Mondes, C. Graf, E. Rühl, G. G. Paulus, D. Schmischke, P. Swrschek, and M. F. Kling, “Single-shot velocity-map imaging of attosecond light-field control at kilohertz rate,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 093109 (2011). [CrossRef]
- T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, W. Helml, M. G. Schätzel, X. Gu, A. L. Cavalieri, G. G. Paulus, and R. Kienberger, “Single-shot carrierenvelope phase measurement of few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature Phys.5, 357–362 (2009). [CrossRef]
- F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, J. Plenge, Nora G. Johnson, M. Kübel, A. M. Sayler, V. Mondes, C. Graf, E. Rühl, G. G. Paulus, D. Schmischke, P. Swrschek, and M. F. Kling, “Single-shot velocity-map imaging of attosecond light-field control at kilohertz rate,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 093109 (2011). [CrossRef]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- N. Camus, B. Fischer, M. Kremer, V. Sharma, A. Rudenko, B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, M. F. Kling, T. Pfeifer, J. Ullrich, and R. Moshammer, “Attosecond correlated dynamics of two electrons passing through a transition state,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 073003 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, Ch. Spielmann, G. A. Reider, N. Milošević, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond metrology,” Nature414, 509–513 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Apolonski, A. Poppe, G. Tempea, Ch. Spielmann, Th. Udem, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Controlling the phase evolution of few-cycle light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.85, 740–743 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Nisoli, S. De Silvestri, O. Svelto, R. Szipöcs, K. Ferencz, Ch. Spielmann, S. Sartania, and F. Krausz, “Compression of high-energy laser pulses below 5fs,” Opt. Lett.22, 522–524 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. G. Paulus, F. Grasbon, H. Walther, P. Villoresi, M. Nisoli, S. Stagira, E. Priori, and S. De Silvestri, “Absolute-phase phenomena in photoionization with few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature414, 182–184 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier- envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69, 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier- envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69, 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, Andrew Stentz, Robert S. Windeler, John L. Hall, and Steven T. Cundiff, “Carrier- envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science288, 635–639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Rathje, N. G. Johnson, M. Möller, F. Süßmann, D. Adolph, M. Kübel, R. Kienberger, M. F. Kling, G. G. Paulus, and A. M. Sayler, “Review of attosecond resolved measurement and control via carrierenvelope phase tagging with above-threshold ionization,” J. Phys. B45, 074003 (2012). [CrossRef]
- F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, J. Plenge, Nora G. Johnson, M. Kübel, A. M. Sayler, V. Mondes, C. Graf, E. Rühl, G. G. Paulus, D. Schmischke, P. Swrschek, and M. F. Kling, “Single-shot velocity-map imaging of attosecond light-field control at kilohertz rate,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 093109 (2011). [CrossRef]
- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier- envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69, 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, J. Plenge, Nora G. Johnson, M. Kübel, A. M. Sayler, V. Mondes, C. Graf, E. Rühl, G. G. Paulus, D. Schmischke, P. Swrschek, and M. F. Kling, “Single-shot velocity-map imaging of attosecond light-field control at kilohertz rate,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 093109 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier- envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69, 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. Apolonski, A. Poppe, G. Tempea, Ch. Spielmann, Th. Udem, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Controlling the phase evolution of few-cycle light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.85, 740–743 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. M. Tong and C. D. Lin, “Empirical formula for static field ionization rates of atoms and molecules by lasers in the barrier-suppression regime,” J. Phys. B.38, 2593–2600 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Apolonski, P. Dombi, G.G. Paulus, M. Kakehata, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, Ch. Lemell, K. Torizuka, J. Burgdörfer, T.W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Observation of light-phase-sensitive photoemission from a metal,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 073902 (2004).14995852 [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, and T. W. Hänsch, “Optical frequency metrology,” Nature416, 233–237 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Apolonski, P. Dombi, G.G. Paulus, M. Kakehata, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, Ch. Lemell, K. Torizuka, J. Burgdörfer, T.W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Observation of light-phase-sensitive photoemission from a metal,” Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 073902 (2004).14995852 [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Apolonski, A. Poppe, G. Tempea, Ch. Spielmann, Th. Udem, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Controlling the phase evolution of few-cycle light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.85, 740–743 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Reichert, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, and T. W. Hansch, “Measuring the Frequency of Light with Mode-locked Lasers,” Opt. Commun.172, 59–68 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Kübel, K. J. Betsch, Nora G. Johnson, U. Kleineberg, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, G. G. Paulus, M. F. Kling, and B. Bergues, “Carrier-envelope-phase tagging in measurements with long acquisition times,” New J. Phys.14, 093027 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. Camus, B. Fischer, M. Kremer, V. Sharma, A. Rudenko, B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, M. F. Kling, T. Pfeifer, J. Ullrich, and R. Moshammer, “Attosecond correlated dynamics of two electrons passing through a transition state,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 073003 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, A. J. Verhoef, E. Hasović, T. Uphues, D. B. Milošević, H. G. Muller, and M. J. J. Vrakking, “Imaging of carrier-envelope phase effects in above-threshold ionization with intense few-cycle laser fields,” New J. Phys.10, 025024 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, A. J. Verhoef, E. Hasović, T. Uphues, D. B. Milošević, H. G. Muller, and M. J. J. Vrakking, “Imaging of carrier-envelope phase effects in above-threshold ionization with intense few-cycle laser fields,” New J. Phys.10, 025024 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. G. Paulus, F. Grasbon, H. Walther, P. Villoresi, M. Nisoli, S. Stagira, E. Priori, and S. De Silvestri, “Absolute-phase phenomena in photoionization with few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature414, 182–184 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, A. J. Verhoef, E. Hasović, T. Uphues, D. B. Milošević, H. G. Muller, and M. J. J. Vrakking, “Imaging of carrier-envelope phase effects in above-threshold ionization with intense few-cycle laser fields,” New J. Phys.10, 025024 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. G. Paulus, F. Lindner, H. Walther, A. Baltuka, E. Goulielmakis, M. Lezius, and F. Krausz, “Measurement of the phase of few-cycle laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 253004 (2003). [CrossRef]
- For a review on rescattering in ATI see for instance: W. Becker, F. Grasbon, R. Kopold, D. B. Milošević, G. G. Paulus, and H. Walther, “Above-threshold ionization: From classical features to quantum effects,” Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys.48, 35–98 (2002). [CrossRef]
- G. G. Paulus, F. Grasbon, H. Walther, P. Villoresi, M. Nisoli, S. Stagira, E. Priori, and S. De Silvestri, “Absolute-phase phenomena in photoionization with few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature414, 182–184 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, Andrew Stentz, Robert S. Windeler, John L. Hall, and Steven T. Cundiff, “Carrier- envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science288, 635–639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Zhangjin Chen, T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, and C. D. Lin, “Complete real-time temporal waveform characterization of single-shot few-cycle laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. A80, 061402(R) (2009). [CrossRef]
- T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, W. Helml, M. G. Schätzel, X. Gu, A. L. Cavalieri, G. G. Paulus, and R. Kienberger, “Single-shot carrierenvelope phase measurement of few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature Phys.5, 357–362 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, J. Plenge, Nora G. Johnson, M. Kübel, A. M. Sayler, V. Mondes, C. Graf, E. Rühl, G. G. Paulus, D. Schmischke, P. Swrschek, and M. F. Kling, “Single-shot velocity-map imaging of attosecond light-field control at kilohertz rate,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.82, 093109 (2011). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, S. Zherebtsov, Y. Deng, X. Gu, I. Znakovskaya, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, G. Marcus, and M. F. Kling, “Sub-cycle electron control in the photoionization of xenon using a few-cycle laser pulse in the mid-infrared,” New J. Phys.13, 063010 (2011). [CrossRef]
- B. Bergues, S. Zherebtsov, Y. Deng, X. Gu, I. Znakovskaya, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, G. Marcus, and M. F. Kling, “Sub-cycle electron control in the photoionization of xenon using a few-cycle laser pulse in the mid-infrared,” New J. Phys.13, 063010 (2011). [CrossRef]
Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
- For a review on rescattering in ATI see for instance: W. Becker, F. Grasbon, R. Kopold, D. B. Milošević, G. G. Paulus, and H. Walther, “Above-threshold ionization: From classical features to quantum effects,” Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys.48, 35–98 (2002). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. B
- H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier- envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B69, 327–332 (1999). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. B
- T. Rathje, N. G. Johnson, M. Möller, F. Süßmann, D. Adolph, M. Kübel, R. Kienberger, M. F. Kling, G. G. Paulus, and A. M. Sayler, “Review of attosecond resolved measurement and control via carrierenvelope phase tagging with above-threshold ionization,” J. Phys. B45, 074003 (2012). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. B.
- X. M. Tong and C. D. Lin, “Empirical formula for static field ionization rates of atoms and molecules by lasers in the barrier-suppression regime,” J. Phys. B.38, 2593–2600 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. D
- S. T. Cundiff, “Phase stabilization of ultrashort optical pulses,” J. Phys. D35, R43–R59 (2002). [CrossRef]
Laser Physics
- G.G. Paulus, “A Meter of the Absolute Phase of Few-Cycle Laser Pulses,” Laser Physics, 15, 843–854 (2005).
Nature
- T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, and T. W. Hänsch, “Optical frequency metrology,” Nature416, 233–237 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Baltuška, Th. Udem, M. Uiberacker, M. Hentschel, E. Goulielmakis, Ch. Gohle, R. Holzwarth, V. S. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields,” Nature421, 611–615 (2003). [CrossRef]
- G. G. Paulus, F. Grasbon, H. Walther, P. Villoresi, M. Nisoli, S. Stagira, E. Priori, and S. De Silvestri, “Absolute-phase phenomena in photoionization with few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature414, 182–184 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, Ch. Spielmann, G. A. Reider, N. Milošević, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond metrology,” Nature414, 509–513 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nature Commun.
- B. Bergues, M. Kübel, N. G. Johnson, B. Fischer, N. Camus, K. J. Betsch, O. Herrwerth, A. Senftleben, A. M. Sayler, T. Rathje, T. Pfeifer, I. Ben-Itzhak, R. R. Jones, G. G. Paulus, F. Krausz, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, and M. F. Kling, “Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization,” Nature Commun.3, 813 (2012). [CrossRef]
Nature Phys.
- T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, W. Helml, M. G. Schätzel, X. Gu, A. L. Cavalieri, G. G. Paulus, and R. Kienberger, “Single-shot carrierenvelope phase measurement of few-cycle laser pulses,” Nature Phys.5, 357–362 (2009). [CrossRef]
New J. Phys.
- B. Bergues, S. Zherebtsov, Y. Deng, X. Gu, I. Znakovskaya, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, G. Marcus, and M. F. Kling, “Sub-cycle electron control in the photoionization of xenon using a few-cycle laser pulse in the mid-infrared,” New J. Phys.13, 063010 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. F. Kling, J. Rauschenberger, A. J. Verhoef, E. Hasović, T. Uphues, D. B. Milošević, H. G. Muller, and M. J. J. Vrakking, “Imaging of carrier-envelope phase effects in above-threshold ionization with intense few-cycle laser fields,” New J. Phys.10, 025024 (2008). [CrossRef]
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Opt. Commun.
- J. Reichert, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, and T. W. Hansch, “Measuring the Frequency of Light with Mode-locked Lasers,” Opt. Commun.172, 59–68 (1999). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- X. Gu, G. Marcus, Y. Deng, T. Metzger, C. Teisset, N. Ishii, T. Fuji, A. Baltuska, R. Butkus, V. Pervak, H. Ishizuki, T. Taira, T. Kobayashi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “Generation of carrier-envelope-phase-stable 2-cycle 740-J pulses at 2.1-m carrier wavelength,” Opt. Express17(1), 62–69 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- M. Nisoli, S. De Silvestri, O. Svelto, R. Szipöcs, K. Ferencz, Ch. Spielmann, S. Sartania, and F. Krausz, “Compression of high-energy laser pulses below 5fs,” Opt. Lett.22, 522–524 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Phys. Rev. A
- N. G. Johnson, O. Herrwerth, A. Wirth, S. De, I. Ben-Itzhak, M. Lezius, B. Bergues, M. F. Kling, A. Senftleben, C. D. Schröter, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, K. J. Betsch, R. R. Jones, A. M. Sayler, T Rathje, K. Rühle, W. Müller, and G. G. Paulus, “Single-shot carrier-envelope-phase-tagged ion-momentum imaging of nonsequential double ionization of argon in intense 4-fs laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A83, 013412 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- Zhangjin Chen, T. Wittmann, B. Horvath, and C. D. Lin, “Complete real-time temporal waveform characterization of single-shot few-cycle laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. A80, 061402(R) (2009). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- G. G. Paulus, F. Lindner, H. Walther, A. Baltuka, E. Goulielmakis, M. Lezius, and F. Krausz, “Measurement of the phase of few-cycle laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 253004 (2003). [CrossRef]
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