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When holography meets coherent diffraction imagingTatiana Latychevskaia, Jean-Nicolas Longchamp, and Hans-Werner Fink »View Author Affiliations
Tatiana Latychevskaia,*
Jean-Nicolas Longchamp,
and Hans-Werner Fink
Institute of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Switzerland *Corresponding author: tatiana@physik.uzh.ch |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 27, pp. 28871-28892 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.028871
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Abstract
The phase problem is inherent to crystallographic, astronomical and optical imaging where only the intensity of the scattered signal is detected and the phase information is lost and must somehow be recovered to reconstruct the object’s structure. Modern imaging techniques at the molecular scale rely on utilizing novel coherent light sources like X-ray free electron lasers for the ultimate goal of visualizing such objects as individual biomolecules rather than crystals. Here, unlike in the case of crystals where structures can be solved by model building and phase refinement, the phase distribution of the wave scattered by an individual molecule must directly be recovered. There are two well-known solutions to the phase problem: holography and coherent diffraction imaging (CDI). Both techniques have their pros and cons. In holography, the reconstruction of the scattered complex-valued object wave is directly provided by a well-defined reference wave that must cover the entire detector area which often is an experimental challenge. CDI provides the highest possible, only wavelength limited, resolution, but the phase recovery is an iterative process which requires some pre-defined information about the object and whose outcome is not always uniquely-defined. Moreover, the diffraction patterns must be recorded under oversampling conditions, a pre-requisite to be able to solve the phase problem. Here, we report how holography and CDI can be merged into one superior technique: holographic coherent diffraction imaging (HCDI). An inline hologram can be recorded by employing a modified CDI experimental scheme. We demonstrate that the amplitude of the Fourier transform of an inline hologram is related to the complex-valued visibility, thus providing information on both, the amplitude and the phase of the scattered wave in the plane of the diffraction pattern. With the phase information available, the condition of oversampling the diffraction patterns can be relaxed, and the phase problem can be solved in a fast and unambiguous manner. We demonstrate the reconstruction of various diffraction patterns of objects recorded with visible light as well as with low-energy electrons. Although we have demonstrated our HCDI method using laser light and low-energy electrons, it can also be applied to any other coherent radiation such as X-rays or high-energy electrons.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(050.1940) Diffraction and gratings : Diffraction
(090.0090) Holography : Holography
(110.7440) Imaging systems : X-ray imaging
(110.3010) Imaging systems : Image reconstruction techniques
ToC Category:
Imaging Systems
History
Original Manuscript: October 3, 2012
Revised Manuscript: November 29, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: November 29, 2012
Published: December 12, 2012
Virtual Issues
Vol. 8, Iss. 1 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Tatiana Latychevskaia, Jean-Nicolas Longchamp, and Hans-Werner Fink, "When holography meets coherent diffraction imaging," Opt. Express 20, 28871-28892 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-27-28871
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