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Holographically aided iterative phase retrievalS. Flewett, C. M. Günther, C. von Korff Schmising, B. Pfau, J. Mohanty, F. Büttner, M. Riemeier, M. Hantschmann, M. Kläui, and S. Eisebitt »View Author Affiliations
S. Flewett,1,2,*
C. M. Günther,1
C. von Korff Schmising,1
B. Pfau,1
J. Mohanty,1
F. Büttner,1,2,3
M. Riemeier,1
M. Hantschmann,1
M. Kläui,3
and S. Eisebitt1,4
1Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany 2Current Address: Swiss FEL Project, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland 3Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany 4Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie,Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany *Corresponding author: samuel.flewett@psi.ch |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 28, pp. 29210-29216 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.029210
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Abstract
Fourier transform holography (FTH) is a noise-resistant imaging technique which allows for nanometer spatial resolution x-ray imaging, where the inclusion of a small reference scattering object provides the otherwise missing phase information. With FTH, one normally requires a considerable distance between the sample and the reference to ensure spatial separation of the reconstruction and its autocorrelation. We demonstrate however that this requirement can be omitted at the small cost of iteratively separating the reconstruction and autocorrelation. In doing so, the photon efficiency of FTH can be increased due to a smaller illumination area, and we show how the presence of the reference prevents the non-uniqueness problems often encountered with plane-wave iterative phase retrieval. The method was tested on a cobalt/platinum multilayer exhibiting out of plane magnetized domains, where the magnetic circular dichroism effect was used to image the magnetic domains at the cobalt L3-edge at 780eV.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(100.5070) Image processing : Phase retrieval
(090.1995) Holography : Digital holography
ToC Category:
Image Processing
History
Original Manuscript: May 14, 2012
Revised Manuscript: July 30, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: July 31, 2012
Published: December 17, 2012
Citation
S. Flewett, C. M. Günther, C. von Korff Schmising, B. Pfau, J. Mohanty, F. Büttner, M. Riemeier, M. Hantschmann, M. Kläui, and S. Eisebitt, "Holographically aided iterative phase retrieval," Opt. Express 20, 29210-29216 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-28-29210
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References
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- G. J. Williams, H. M. Quiney, B. B. Dhal, C. Q. Tran, K. A. Nugent, A. G. Peele, D. Paterson, and M. D. de Jonge, “Fresnel coherent diffractive imaging,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(2), 025506 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Dierolf, P. Thibault, A. Menzel, C. M. Kewish, K. Jefimovs, I. Schlichting, K. Von Konig, O. Bunk, and F. Pfeiffer, “Ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging of weakly scattering specimens,” New J. Phys.12(3), 035017 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. W. Whitehead, G. J. Williams, H. M. Quiney, D. J. Vine, R. A. Dilanian, S. Flewett, K. A. Nugent, A. G. Peele, E. Balaur, and I. McNulty, “Diffractive Imaging Using Partially Coherent X Rays,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(24), 243902 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. P. DePonte, U. Weierstall, K. Schmidt, J. Warner, D. Starodub, J. C. H. Spence, and R. B. Doak, “Gas dynamic virtual nozzle for generation of microscopic droplet streams,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.41(19), 195505 (2008). [CrossRef]
- W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, K. Chen, A. Scherz, J. Stohr, J. Luning, S. Eisebitt, C. Gunther, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and I. McNulty, “Multiple reference Fourier transform holography with soft x rays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(16), 163112 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography,” Nature432(7019), 885–888 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Eisebitt, M. Lorgen, W. Eberhardt, J. Luning, J. Stohr, C. T. Rettner, O. Hellwig, E. E. Fullerton, and G. Denbeaux, “Polarization effects in coherent scattering from magnetic specimen: Implications for x-ray holography, lensless imaging, and correlation spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B68(10), 104419 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Flewett, S. Schaffert, J. Mohanty, E. Guehrs, J. Geilhufe, C. M. Gunther, B. Pfau, and S. Eisebitt, “Method for Single-Shot Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Magnetic Domains,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108(22), 223902 (2012). [CrossRef]
- E. Guehrs, A. M. Stadler, S. Flewett, S. Frommel, J. Geilhufe, B. Pfau, T. Rander, S. Schaffert, G. Buldt, and S. Eisebitt, “Soft x-ray tomoholography,” New J. Phys.14(1), 013022 (2012). [CrossRef]
- C. M. Gunther, B. Pfau, R. Mitzner, B. Siemer, S. Roling, H. Zacharias, O. Kutz, I. Rudolph, D. Schondelmaier, R. Treusch, and S. Eisebitt, “Sequential femtosecond X-ray imaging,” Nat. Photonics5(2), 99–102 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- B. Pfau, C. M. Günther, R. Könnecke, E. Guehrs, O. Hellwig, W. F. Schlotter, and S. Eisebitt, “Magnetic imaging at linearly polarized x-ray sources,” Opt. Express18(13), 13608–13615 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Nat. Photonics
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Nature
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- S. Marchesini, S. Boutet, A. E. Sakdinawat, M. J. Bogan, S. Bajt, A. Barty, H. N. Chapman, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, A. Szoke, C. W. Cui, D. A. Shapiro, M. R. Howells, J. C. H. Spence, J. W. Shaevitz, J. Y. Lee, J. Hajdu, and M. M. Seibert, “Massively parallel X-ray holography,” Nat. Photonics2(9), 560–563 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D. P. DePonte, U. Weierstall, K. Schmidt, J. Warner, D. Starodub, J. C. H. Spence, and R. B. Doak, “Gas dynamic virtual nozzle for generation of microscopic droplet streams,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.41(19), 195505 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Williams, H. M. Quiney, B. B. Dhal, C. Q. Tran, K. A. Nugent, A. G. Peele, D. Paterson, and M. D. de Jonge, “Fresnel coherent diffractive imaging,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97(2), 025506 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, K. Chen, A. Scherz, J. Stohr, J. Luning, S. Eisebitt, C. Gunther, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and I. McNulty, “Multiple reference Fourier transform holography with soft x rays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(16), 163112 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography,” Nature432(7019), 885–888 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Eisebitt, M. Lorgen, W. Eberhardt, J. Luning, J. Stohr, C. T. Rettner, O. Hellwig, E. E. Fullerton, and G. Denbeaux, “Polarization effects in coherent scattering from magnetic specimen: Implications for x-ray holography, lensless imaging, and correlation spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B68(10), 104419 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. Grabis, A. Nefedov, and H. Zabel, “Diffractometer for soft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.74(9), 4048–4051 (2003). [CrossRef]
- R. Neutze, R. Wouts, D. van der Spoel, E. Weckert, and J. Hajdu, “Potential for biomolecular imaging with femtosecond X-ray pulses,” Nature406(6797), 752–757 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. W. Miao, P. Charalambous, J. Kirz, and D. Sayre, “Extending the methodology of X-ray crystallography to allow imaging of micrometre-sized non-crystalline specimens,” Nature400(6742), 342–344 (1999). [CrossRef]
- I. McNulty, J. Kirz, C. Jacobsen, E. H. Anderson, M. R. Howells, and D. P. Kern, “High-resolution imaging by Fourier-Transform X-ray holography,” Science256(5059), 1009–1012 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. W. Stroke, “Lensless Fourier-Transform Method for Optical Holography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.6(10), 201–202 (1965). [CrossRef]
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