Light-shift suppression in a miniaturized Mx optically pumped Cs magnetometer array with enhanced resonance signal using off-resonant laser pumping

doi:10.1364/OE.20.029217

Light-shift suppression in a miniaturized Mx optically pumped Cs magnetometer array with enhanced resonance signal using off-resonant laser pumping

Theo Scholtes, Volkmar Schultze, Rob IJsselsteijn, Stefan Woetzel, and Hans-Georg Meyer »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 28, pp. 29217-29222 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.029217

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Abstract

The performance of an optically pumped M_x magnetometer with miniaturized Cs cell at earth’s magnetic field strength (50μT) is investigated. Operation using detuned high intensity laser light is shown to be superior to the conventional resonant operation in terms of the projected shot-noise-limited ( $50 \frac{f T}{\sqrt{H z}}$ ) and the actual noise-limited sensitivity using a noise compensation method. The Zeeman light shift effect, emerging due to the off-resonant circularly polarized laser radiation and leading to a strong orientational dependence of the measurement, is suppressed by averaging two identical magnetometer configurations pumped with oppositely circularly polarized light. A residual heading error within the range of 14nT, limited by the present experimental characterization setup, was achieved.

OCIS Codes
(020.0020) Atomic and molecular physics : Atomic and molecular physics
(020.6580) Atomic and molecular physics : Stark effect
(020.7490) Atomic and molecular physics : Zeeman effect
(230.0230) Optical devices : Optical devices

ToC Category:
Atomic and Molecular Physics

History
Original Manuscript: October 10, 2012
Revised Manuscript: November 15, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: November 29, 2012
Published: December 17, 2012

Citation
Theo Scholtes, Volkmar Schultze, Rob IJsselsteijn, Stefan Woetzel, and Hans-Georg Meyer, "Light-shift suppression in a miniaturized Mx optically pumped Cs magnetometer array with enhanced resonance signal using off-resonant laser pumping," Opt. Express 20, 29217-29222 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-28-29217

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References

W. E. Bell and A. L. Bloom, “Optical detection of magnetic resonance in alkali metal vapor,” Phys. Rev. 107, 1559–1565 (1957). [CrossRef]
D. Budker and M. Romalis, “Optical magnetometry,” Nat. Phys. 3, 227 – 234 (2007). [CrossRef]
H. B. Dang, A. C. Maloof, and M.V. Romalis, “Ultrahigh sensitivity magnetic field and magnetization measurements with an atomic magnetometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 151110 (2010). [CrossRef]
W. Happer, “Optical pumping,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 44, 169–249 (1972). [CrossRef]
A. L. Bloom, “Principles of operation of the rubidium vapor magnetometer,” Appl. Opt. 1, 61–68 (1962). [CrossRef]
S. Groeger, G. Bison, J.-L. Schenker, R. Wynands, and A. Weis, “A high-sensitivity laser-pumped Mx magnetometer,” Eur. Phys. J. D 38, 239–247 (2006). [CrossRef]
B. S. Mathur, H. Tang, and W. Happer, “Light shifts in the alkali atoms,” Phys. Rev. 171, 11–19 (1968). [CrossRef]
E. B. Aleksandrov and A. K. Vershovskii, “Modern radio-optical methods in quantum magnetometry,” Phys. Usp. 52, 573–601 (2009). [CrossRef]
T. Scholtes, V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, S. Woetzel, and H.-G. Meyer, “Light-narrowed optically pumped Mx magnetometer with a miniaturized Cs cell,” Phys. Rev. A 84, 043416 (2011). [CrossRef]
T. Yabuzaki and T. Ogawa, “Frequency shifts of self-oscillating magnetometer with cesium vapor,” J. Appl. Phys. 45, 1342–1355 (1974). [CrossRef]
S. Woetzel, V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, T. Schulz, S. Anders, R. Stolz, and H.-G. Meyer, “Microfabricated atomic vapor cell arrays for magnetic field measurements,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 033111 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. IJsselsteijn, M. Kielpinski, S. Woetzel, T. Scholtes, E. Kessler, R. Stolz, V. Schultze, and H.-G. Meyer, “A full optically operated magnetometer array: an experimental study,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 113106 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, T. Scholtes, S. Woetzel, and H.-G. Meyer, “Characteristics and performance of an intensity-modulated optically pumped magnetometer in comparison to the classical Mx magnetometer,” Opt. Express 20, 14201–14212 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, and H.-G. Meyer, “Noise reduction in optically pumped magnetometer assemblies,” Appl. Phys. B 100, 717–724 (2010). [CrossRef]
V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, “Laser noise cancellation in single-cell CPT clocks,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 57, 1357 (2008). [CrossRef]
S. Appelt, A. B. Baranga, A. R. Young, and W. Happer, “Light narrowing of rubidium magnetic-resonance lines in high-pressure optical-pumping cells,” Phys. Rev. A 59, 2078–2084 (1999). [CrossRef]

Aleksandrov, E. B.
Anders, S.
Appelt, S.
Baranga, A. B.
Bell, W. E.
Bison, G.
Bloom, A. L.
Budker, D.
Dang, H. B.
Gerginov, V.
Groeger, S.
Happer, W.
Hollberg, L.
IJsselsteijn, R.
Kessler, E.
Kielpinski, M.
Kitching, J.
Knappe, S.
Maloof, A. C.
Mathur, B. S.
Meyer, H.-G.
Ogawa, T.
Romalis, M.
Romalis, M.V.
Schenker, J.-L.
Scholtes, T.
Schultze, V.
Schulz, T.
Shah, V.
Stolz, R.
Tang, H.
Vershovskii, A. K.
Weis, A.
Woetzel, S.
Wynands, R.
Yabuzaki, T.
Young, A. R.

Appl. Opt.

A. L. Bloom, “Principles of operation of the rubidium vapor magnetometer,” Appl. Opt. 1, 61–68 (1962). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. B

V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, and H.-G. Meyer, “Noise reduction in optically pumped magnetometer assemblies,” Appl. Phys. B 100, 717–724 (2010). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

H. B. Dang, A. C. Maloof, and M.V. Romalis, “Ultrahigh sensitivity magnetic field and magnetization measurements with an atomic magnetometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 151110 (2010). [CrossRef]

Eur. Phys. J. D

S. Groeger, G. Bison, J.-L. Schenker, R. Wynands, and A. Weis, “A high-sensitivity laser-pumped Mx magnetometer,” Eur. Phys. J. D 38, 239–247 (2006). [CrossRef]

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, “Laser noise cancellation in single-cell CPT clocks,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 57, 1357 (2008). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

T. Yabuzaki and T. Ogawa, “Frequency shifts of self-oscillating magnetometer with cesium vapor,” J. Appl. Phys. 45, 1342–1355 (1974). [CrossRef]

Nat. Phys.

D. Budker and M. Romalis, “Optical magnetometry,” Nat. Phys. 3, 227 – 234 (2007). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, T. Scholtes, S. Woetzel, and H.-G. Meyer, “Characteristics and performance of an intensity-modulated optically pumped magnetometer in comparison to the classical Mx magnetometer,” Opt. Express 20, 14201–14212 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev.

W. E. Bell and A. L. Bloom, “Optical detection of magnetic resonance in alkali metal vapor,” Phys. Rev. 107, 1559–1565 (1957). [CrossRef]
B. S. Mathur, H. Tang, and W. Happer, “Light shifts in the alkali atoms,” Phys. Rev. 171, 11–19 (1968). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. A

T. Scholtes, V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, S. Woetzel, and H.-G. Meyer, “Light-narrowed optically pumped Mx magnetometer with a miniaturized Cs cell,” Phys. Rev. A 84, 043416 (2011). [CrossRef]
S. Appelt, A. B. Baranga, A. R. Young, and W. Happer, “Light narrowing of rubidium magnetic-resonance lines in high-pressure optical-pumping cells,” Phys. Rev. A 59, 2078–2084 (1999). [CrossRef]

Phys. Usp.

E. B. Aleksandrov and A. K. Vershovskii, “Modern radio-optical methods in quantum magnetometry,” Phys. Usp. 52, 573–601 (2009). [CrossRef]

Rev. Mod. Phys.

W. Happer, “Optical pumping,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 44, 169–249 (1972). [CrossRef]

Rev. Sci. Instrum.

S. Woetzel, V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, T. Schulz, S. Anders, R. Stolz, and H.-G. Meyer, “Microfabricated atomic vapor cell arrays for magnetic field measurements,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 033111 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. IJsselsteijn, M. Kielpinski, S. Woetzel, T. Scholtes, E. Kessler, R. Stolz, V. Schultze, and H.-G. Meyer, “A full optically operated magnetometer array: an experimental study,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 113106 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] W. E. Bell and A. L. Bloom, “Optical detection of magnetic resonance in alkali metal vapor,” Phys. Rev. 107, 1559–1565 (1957). [CrossRef]

[2] D. Budker and M. Romalis, “Optical magnetometry,” Nat. Phys. 3, 227 – 234 (2007). [CrossRef]

[3] H. B. Dang, A. C. Maloof, and M.V. Romalis, “Ultrahigh sensitivity magnetic field and magnetization measurements with an atomic magnetometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 151110 (2010). [CrossRef]

[4] W. Happer, “Optical pumping,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 44, 169–249 (1972). [CrossRef]

[5] A. L. Bloom, “Principles of operation of the rubidium vapor magnetometer,” Appl. Opt. 1, 61–68 (1962). [CrossRef]

[6] S. Groeger, G. Bison, J.-L. Schenker, R. Wynands, and A. Weis, “A high-sensitivity laser-pumped Mx magnetometer,” Eur. Phys. J. D 38, 239–247 (2006). [CrossRef]

[7] B. S. Mathur, H. Tang, and W. Happer, “Light shifts in the alkali atoms,” Phys. Rev. 171, 11–19 (1968). [CrossRef]

[8] E. B. Aleksandrov and A. K. Vershovskii, “Modern radio-optical methods in quantum magnetometry,” Phys. Usp. 52, 573–601 (2009). [CrossRef]

[9] T. Scholtes, V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, S. Woetzel, and H.-G. Meyer, “Light-narrowed optically pumped Mx magnetometer with a miniaturized Cs cell,” Phys. Rev. A 84, 043416 (2011). [CrossRef]

[10] T. Yabuzaki and T. Ogawa, “Frequency shifts of self-oscillating magnetometer with cesium vapor,” J. Appl. Phys. 45, 1342–1355 (1974). [CrossRef]

[11] S. Woetzel, V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, T. Schulz, S. Anders, R. Stolz, and H.-G. Meyer, “Microfabricated atomic vapor cell arrays for magnetic field measurements,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 033111 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[12] R. IJsselsteijn, M. Kielpinski, S. Woetzel, T. Scholtes, E. Kessler, R. Stolz, V. Schultze, and H.-G. Meyer, “A full optically operated magnetometer array: an experimental study,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 113106 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, T. Scholtes, S. Woetzel, and H.-G. Meyer, “Characteristics and performance of an intensity-modulated optically pumped magnetometer in comparison to the classical Mx magnetometer,” Opt. Express 20, 14201–14212 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] V. Schultze, R. IJsselsteijn, and H.-G. Meyer, “Noise reduction in optically pumped magnetometer assemblies,” Appl. Phys. B 100, 717–724 (2010). [CrossRef]

[15] V. Gerginov, S. Knappe, V. Shah, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching, “Laser noise cancellation in single-cell CPT clocks,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 57, 1357 (2008). [CrossRef]

[16] S. Appelt, A. B. Baranga, A. R. Young, and W. Happer, “Light narrowing of rubidium magnetic-resonance lines in high-pressure optical-pumping cells,” Phys. Rev. A 59, 2078–2084 (1999). [CrossRef]

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Light-shift suppression in a miniaturized Mx optically pumped Cs magnetometer array with enhanced resonance signal using off-resonant laser pumping

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Abstract

References

Appl. Opt.

Appl. Phys. B

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Eur. Phys. J. D

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

J. Appl. Phys.

Nat. Phys.

Opt. Express

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev. A

Phys. Usp.

Rev. Mod. Phys.

Rev. Sci. Instrum.

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