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Detection and size measurement of individual hemozoin nanocrystals in aquatic environment using a whispering gallery mode resonatorWoosung Kim, Sahin Kaya Ozdemir, Jiangang Zhu, Faraz Monifi, Cevayir Coban, and Lan Yang »View Author Affiliations
Woosung Kim,1,*
Sahin Kaya Ozdemir,1,3
Jiangang Zhu,1
Faraz Monifi,1
Cevayir Coban,2
and Lan Yang1,4
1Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA 2Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 3ozdemir@ese.wustl.edu 4yang@ese.wustl.edu *Corresponding author: woosung.kim@go.wustl.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 28, pp. 29426-29446 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.029426
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Abstract
We, for the first time, report the detection and the size measurement of single nanoparticles (i.e. polystyrene) in aquatic environment using mode splitting in a whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical resonator, namely a microtoroid resonator. Using this method we achieved detecting and measuring individual synthetic hemozoin nanocrystals―a hemoglobin degradation by-product of malarial parasites―dispersed in a solution or in air. The results of size measurement in solution and in air agree with each other and with those obtained using scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering. Moreover, we compare the sensing capabilities of the degenerate (single resonance) and non-degenerate (split mode, doublet) operation regimes of the WGM resonator.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.4780) Lasers and laser optics : Optical resonators
(280.1415) Remote sensing and sensors : Biological sensing and sensors
ToC Category:
Sensors
History
Original Manuscript: August 24, 2012
Revised Manuscript: November 9, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: November 11, 2012
Published: December 19, 2012
Virtual Issues
Vol. 8, Iss. 1 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Woosung Kim, Sahin Kaya Ozdemir, Jiangang Zhu, Faraz Monifi, Cevayir Coban, and Lan Yang, "Detection and size measurement of individual hemozoin nanocrystals in aquatic environment using a whispering gallery mode resonator," Opt. Express 20, 29426-29446 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-28-29426
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References
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- T. Lu, H. Lee, T. Chen, S. Herchak, J. H. Kim, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. Vahala, “High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(15), 5976–5979 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Park, M. Diez-Silva, G. Popescu, G. Lykotrafitis, W. Choi, M. S. Feld, and S. Suresh, “Refractive index maps and membrane dynamics of human red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.105(37), 13730–13735 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Coban, Y. Igari, M. Yagi, T. Reimer, S. Koyama, T. Aoshi, K. Ohata, T. Tsukui, F. Takeshita, K. Sakurai, T. Ikegami, A. Nakagawa, T. Horii, G. Nuñez, K. J. Ishii, and S. Akira, “Immunogenicity of whole-parasite vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum involves malarial hemozoin and host TLR9,” Cell Host Microbe7(1), 50–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Coban, M. Yagi, K. Ohata, Y. Igari, T. Tsukui, T. Horii, K. J. Ishii, and S. Akira, “The malarial metabolite hemozoin and its potential use as a vaccine adjuvant,” Allergol. Int.59(2), 115–124 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Bélisle, S. Costantino, M. L. Leimanis, M.-J. Bellemare, D. Scott Bohle, E. Georges, and P. W. Wiseman, “Sensitive detection of malaria infection by third harmonic generation imaging,” Biophys. J.94(4), L26–L28 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Mazzei, S. Götzinger, L. de S. Menezes, G. Zumofen, O. Benson, and V. Sandoghdar, “Controlled Coupling of Counterpropagating Whispering-Gallery Modes by a Single Rayleigh Scatterer: A Classical Problem in a Quantum Optical Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(17), 173603 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Wood, E. Bailo, M. A. Khiavi, L. Tilley, S. Deed, T. Deckert-Gaudig, D. McNaughton, and V. Deckert, “Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) from hemozoin crystals within a sectioned erythrocyte,” Nano Lett.11(5), 1868–1873 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Wood, E. Bailo, M. A. Khiavi, L. Tilley, S. Deed, T. Deckert-Gaudig, D. McNaughton, and V. Deckert, “Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) from hemozoin crystals within a sectioned erythrocyte,” Nano Lett.11(5), 1868–1873 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. R. Wood, E. Bailo, M. A. Khiavi, L. Tilley, S. Deed, T. Deckert-Gaudig, D. McNaughton, and V. Deckert, “Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) from hemozoin crystals within a sectioned erythrocyte,” Nano Lett.11(5), 1868–1873 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. F. Scholl, D. Kongkasuriyachai, P. A. Demirev, A. B. Feldman, J. S. Lin, D. J. Sullivan, and N. Kumar, “Rapid detection of malaria infection in vivo by laser desorption mass spectrometry,” Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.71(5), 546–551 (2004). [PubMed]
- Y. Park, M. Diez-Silva, G. Popescu, G. Lykotrafitis, W. Choi, M. S. Feld, and S. Suresh, “Refractive index maps and membrane dynamics of human red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.105(37), 13730–13735 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Hänscheid, T. J. Egan, and M. P. Grobusch, “Haemozoin: from melatonin pigment to drug target, diagnostic tool, and immune modulator,” Lancet Infect. Dis.7(10), 675–685 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Park, M. Diez-Silva, G. Popescu, G. Lykotrafitis, W. Choi, M. S. Feld, and S. Suresh, “Refractive index maps and membrane dynamics of human red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.105(37), 13730–13735 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. F. Scholl, D. Kongkasuriyachai, P. A. Demirev, A. B. Feldman, J. S. Lin, D. J. Sullivan, and N. Kumar, “Rapid detection of malaria infection in vivo by laser desorption mass spectrometry,” Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.71(5), 546–551 (2004). [PubMed]
- T. Lu, H. Lee, T. Chen, S. Herchak, J. H. Kim, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. Vahala, “High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(15), 5976–5979 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Lu, H. Lee, T. Chen, S. Herchak, J. H. Kim, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. Vahala, “High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(15), 5976–5979 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Bélisle, S. Costantino, M. L. Leimanis, M.-J. Bellemare, D. Scott Bohle, E. Georges, and P. W. Wiseman, “Sensitive detection of malaria infection by third harmonic generation imaging,” Biophys. J.94(4), L26–L28 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Yi, Y. F. Xiao, Y. Li, Y. C. Liu, B. B. Li, Z. P. Liu, and Q. H. Gong, “Polarization-dependent detection of cylinder nanoparticles with mode splitting in a high-Q whispering-gallery microresonator,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(20), 203705 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. L. Gorodetsky, A. D. Pryamikov, and V. S. Ilchenko, “Rayleigh scattering in high-Q microspheres,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B17(6), 1051–1057 (2000). [CrossRef]
- V. S. Ilchenko and M. L. Gorodetsky, “Thermal nonlinear effects in optical whispering gallery microresonators,” Laser Phys.2(6), 1004–1009 (1992).
- A. Mazzei, S. Götzinger, L. de S. Menezes, G. Zumofen, O. Benson, and V. Sandoghdar, “Controlled Coupling of Counterpropagating Whispering-Gallery Modes by a Single Rayleigh Scatterer: A Classical Problem in a Quantum Optical Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(17), 173603 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Hänscheid, T. J. Egan, and M. P. Grobusch, “Haemozoin: from melatonin pigment to drug target, diagnostic tool, and immune modulator,” Lancet Infect. Dis.7(10), 675–685 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Hänscheid, T. J. Egan, and M. P. Grobusch, “Haemozoin: from melatonin pigment to drug target, diagnostic tool, and immune modulator,” Lancet Infect. Dis.7(10), 675–685 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhu, S. K. Özdemir, L. He, D. R. Chen, and L. Yang, “Single virus and nanoparticle size spectrometry by whispering-gallery-mode microcavities,” Opt. Express19(17), 16195–16206 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. K. Özdemir, J. Zhu, L. He, and L. Yang, “Estimation of Purcell factor from mode-splitting spectra in an optical microcavity,” Phys. Rev. A83(3), 033817 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. He, S. K. Ozdemir, J. Zhu, W. Kim, and L. Yang, “Detecting single viruses and nanoparticles using whispering gallery microlasers,” Nat. Nanotechnol.6(7), 428–432 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhu, S. K. Ozdemir, Y. F. Xiao, L. Li, L. He, D. Chen, and L. Yang, “On-chip single nanoparticle detection and sizing by mode splitting in an ultrahigh-Q microresonator,” Nat. Photonics4(1), 46–49 (2010). [CrossRef]
- W. Kim, S. K. Ozdemir, J. Zhu, L. He, and L. Yang, “Demonstration of mode splitting in an optical microcavity in aqueous environment,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(7), 071111 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T. Lu, H. Lee, T. Chen, S. Herchak, J. H. Kim, S. E. Fraser, R. C. Flagan, and K. Vahala, “High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(15), 5976–5979 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Arnold, D. Keng, S. I. Shopova, S. Holler, W. Zurawsky, and F. Vollmer, “Whispering Gallery Mode Carousel--a photonic mechanism for enhanced nanoparticle detection in biosensing,” Opt. Express17(8), 6230–6238 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Arnold, M. Khoshsima, I. Teraoka, S. Holler, and F. Vollmer, “Shift of whispering-gallery modes in microspheres by protein adsorption,” Opt. Lett.28(4), 272–274 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Homola, “Surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of chemical and biological species,” Chem. Rev.108(2), 462–493 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Coban, M. Yagi, K. Ohata, Y. Igari, T. Tsukui, T. Horii, K. J. Ishii, and S. Akira, “The malarial metabolite hemozoin and its potential use as a vaccine adjuvant,” Allergol. Int.59(2), 115–124 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Coban, Y. Igari, M. Yagi, T. Reimer, S. Koyama, T. Aoshi, K. Ohata, T. Tsukui, F. Takeshita, K. Sakurai, T. Ikegami, A. Nakagawa, T. Horii, G. Nuñez, K. J. Ishii, and S. Akira, “Immunogenicity of whole-parasite vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum involves malarial hemozoin and host TLR9,” Cell Host Microbe7(1), 50–61 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- F. Vollmer, D. Braun, A. Libchaber, M. Khoshsima, I. Teraoka, and S. Arnold, “Protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.80(21), 4057–4059 (2002). [CrossRef]
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- X. Yi, Y. F. Xiao, Y. Li, Y. C. Liu, B. B. Li, Z. P. Liu, and Q. H. Gong, “Polarization-dependent detection of cylinder nanoparticles with mode splitting in a high-Q whispering-gallery microresonator,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(20), 203705 (2010). [CrossRef]
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Biophys. J.
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Cell Host Microbe
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Laser Phys.
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Nano Lett.
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Nat. Methods
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Nat. Nanotechnol.
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- M. Li, H. X. Tang, and M. L. Roukes, “Ultra-sensitive NEMS-based cantilevers for sensing, scanned probe and very high-frequency applications,” Nat. Nanotechnol.2(2), 114–120 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Photonics
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Nature
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Opt. Express
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Phys. Rev. A
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- C. Coban, M. Yagi, K. Ohata, Y. Igari, T. Tsukui, T. Horii, K. J. Ishii, and S. Akira, “The malarial metabolite hemozoin and its potential use as a vaccine adjuvant,” Allergol. Int.59(2), 115–124 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Vollmer, S. Arnold, and D. Keng, “Single virus detection from the reactive shift of a whispering-gallery mode,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.105(52), 20701–20704 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. M. Bélisle, S. Costantino, M. L. Leimanis, M.-J. Bellemare, D. Scott Bohle, E. Georges, and P. W. Wiseman, “Sensitive detection of malaria infection by third harmonic generation imaging,” Biophys. J.94(4), L26–L28 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Homola, “Surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of chemical and biological species,” Chem. Rev.108(2), 462–493 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Park, M. Diez-Silva, G. Popescu, G. Lykotrafitis, W. Choi, M. S. Feld, and S. Suresh, “Refractive index maps and membrane dynamics of human red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.105(37), 13730–13735 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Noto, D. Keng, I. Teraoka, and S. Arnold, “Detection of protein orientation on the silica microsphere surface using transverse electric/transverse magnetic whispering gallery modes,” Biophys. J.92(12), 4466–4472 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Mazzei, S. Götzinger, L. de S. Menezes, G. Zumofen, O. Benson, and V. Sandoghdar, “Controlled Coupling of Counterpropagating Whispering-Gallery Modes by a Single Rayleigh Scatterer: A Classical Problem in a Quantum Optical Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(17), 173603 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Li, H. X. Tang, and M. L. Roukes, “Ultra-sensitive NEMS-based cantilevers for sensing, scanned probe and very high-frequency applications,” Nat. Nanotechnol.2(2), 114–120 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Hänscheid, T. J. Egan, and M. P. Grobusch, “Haemozoin: from melatonin pigment to drug target, diagnostic tool, and immune modulator,” Lancet Infect. Dis.7(10), 675–685 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. F. Scholl, D. Kongkasuriyachai, P. A. Demirev, A. B. Feldman, J. S. Lin, D. J. Sullivan, and N. Kumar, “Rapid detection of malaria infection in vivo by laser desorption mass spectrometry,” Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.71(5), 546–551 (2004). [PubMed]
- F. Vollmer, S. Arnold, D. Braun, I. Teraoka, and A. Libchaber, “Multiplexed DNA quantification by spectroscopic shift of two microsphere cavities,” Biophys. J.85(3), 1974–1979 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. K. Armani, T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, and K. J. Vahala, “Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip,” Nature421(6926), 925–928 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Vollmer, D. Braun, A. Libchaber, M. Khoshsima, I. Teraoka, and S. Arnold, “Protein detection by optical shift of a resonant microcavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett.80(21), 4057–4059 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. W. Stephens, S. Pagola, D. S. Bohle, A. D. Kosar, and S. K. Madsen, “The structure of malaria pigment beta-haematin,” Nature404(6775), 307–310 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. S. Ilchenko and M. L. Gorodetsky, “Thermal nonlinear effects in optical whispering gallery microresonators,” Laser Phys.2(6), 1004–1009 (1992).
- E. O. Knutson and K. T. Whitby, “Aerosol classification by electric mobility: apparatus, theory, and applications,” J. Aerosol Sci.6(6), 443–451 (1975). [CrossRef]
- B. Y. H. Liu and D. Y. H. Pui, “A submicron aerosol standard and the primary, absolute calibration of the condensation nucleicounter,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.47(1), 155–171 (1974). [CrossRef]
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