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Thermal stability of biodegradable plasmonic nanoclusters in photoacoustic imagingSoon Joon Yoon, Avinash Murthy, Keith P. Johnston, Konstantin V. Sokolov, and Stanislav Y. Emelianov »View Author Affiliations
Soon Joon Yoon,1,2
Avinash Murthy,3
Keith P. Johnston,3
Konstantin V. Sokolov,1,4
and Stanislav Y. Emelianov1,2,4,*
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA 3Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA 4Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA *Corresponding author: emelian@mail.utexas.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 28, pp. 29479-29487 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.029479
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Abstract
The photothermal stability of plasmonic nanoparticles is critically important to perform reliable photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Recently, biodegradable nanoclusters composed of sub-5 nm primary gold particles and a biodegradable polymer have been reported as clinically-translatable contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging. After cellular internalization, the nanoclusters degrade into 5 nm primary particles for efficient excretion from the body. In this paper, three different sizes of biodegradable nanoclusters were synthesized and the optical properties and photothermal stability of the nanoclusters were investigated and compared to that of gold nanorods. The results of our study indicate that 40 nm and 80 nm biodegradable nanoclusters demonstrate higher photothermal stability compared to gold nanorods. Furthermore, 40 nm nanoclusters produce higher photoacoustic signal than gold nanorods at a given concentration of gold. Therefore, the biodegradable plasmonic nanoclusters can be effectively used for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.3880) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical and biological imaging
(170.5120) Medical optics and biotechnology : Photoacoustic imaging
ToC Category:
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
History
Original Manuscript: September 25, 2012
Revised Manuscript: December 2, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: December 9, 2012
Published: December 19, 2012
Virtual Issues
Vol. 8, Iss. 1 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Soon Joon Yoon, Avinash Murthy, Keith P. Johnston, Konstantin V. Sokolov, and Stanislav Y. Emelianov, "Thermal stability of biodegradable plasmonic nanoclusters in photoacoustic imaging," Opt. Express 20, 29479-29487 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-28-29479
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- B. Nikoobakht and M. A. El-Sayed, “Preparation and growth mechanism of gold nanorods (NRs) using seed-mediated growth method,” Chem. Mater.15(10), 1957–1962 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Y.-S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Aglyamov, and S. Emelianov, “Environment-dependent generation of photoacoustic waves from plasmonic nanoparticles,” Small8(1), 47–52 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, P. Kruizinga, K. Homan, and S. Emelianov, “Silica-coated gold nanorods as photoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers,” Nano Lett.11(2), 348–354 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Homan, S. Kim, Y.-S. Chen, B. Wang, S. Mallidi, and S. Emelianov, “Prospects of molecular photoacoustic imaging at 1064 nm wavelength,” Opt. Lett.35(15), 2663–2665 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, K. Homan, P. Kruizinga, K. Sokolov, and S. Emelianov, “Enhanced thermal stability of silica-coated gold nanorods for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided therapy,” Opt. Express18(9), 8867–8878 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Mallidi, T. Larson, J. Aaron, K. Sokolov, and S. Emelianov, “Molecular specific optoacoustic imaging with plasmonic nanoparticles,” Opt. Express15(11), 6583–6588 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Y. Nam, L. M. Ricles, L. J. Suggs, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Nonlinear photoacoustic signal increase from endocytosis of gold nanoparticles,” Opt. Lett.37(22), 4708–4710 (2012). [PubMed]
- S. J. Yoon, S. Mallidi, J. M. Tam, J. O. Tam, A. Murthy, K. P. Johnston, K. V. Sokolov, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Utility of biodegradable plasmonic nanoclusters in photoacoustic imaging,” Opt. Lett.35(22), 3751–3753 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Wang, E. Yantsen, T. Larson, A. B. Karpiouk, S. Sethuraman, J. L. Su, K. Sokolov, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Plasmonic intravascular photoacoustic imaging for detection of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques,” Nano Lett.9(6), 2212–2217 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Y. Emelianov, P. C. Li, and M. O’Donnell, “Photoacoustics for molecular imaging and therapy,” Phys. Today62(5), 34–39 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Shah, S. Park, S. Aglyamov, T. Larson, L. Ma, K. Sokolov, K. Johnston, T. Milner, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Photoacoustic imaging and temperature measurement for photothermal cancer therapy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 034024 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Evans, R. Prasher, J. Fish, P. Meakin, P. Phelan, and P. Keblinski, “Effect of aggregation and interfacial thermal resistance on thermal conductivity of nanocomposites and colloidal nanofluids,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer51(5-6), 1431–1438 (2008). [CrossRef]
- W. Evans, R. Prasher, J. Fish, P. Meakin, P. Phelan, and P. Keblinski, “Effect of aggregation and interfacial thermal resistance on thermal conductivity of nanocomposites and colloidal nanofluids,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer51(5-6), 1431–1438 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. Sokolov, M. Follen, J. Aaron, I. Pavlova, A. Malpica, R. Lotan, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Real-time vital optical imaging of precancer using anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles,” Cancer Res.63(9), 1999–2004 (2003). [PubMed]
- H. S. Choi, W. Liu, P. Misra, E. Tanaka, J. P. Zimmer, B. Itty Ipe, M. G. Bawendi, and J. V. Frangioni, “Renal clearance of quantum dots,” Nat. Biotechnol.25(10), 1165–1170 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Aglyamov, and S. Emelianov, “Environment-dependent generation of photoacoustic waves from plasmonic nanoparticles,” Small8(1), 47–52 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, P. Kruizinga, K. Homan, and S. Emelianov, “Silica-coated gold nanorods as photoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers,” Nano Lett.11(2), 348–354 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, K. Homan, P. Kruizinga, K. Sokolov, and S. Emelianov, “Enhanced thermal stability of silica-coated gold nanorods for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided therapy,” Opt. Express18(9), 8867–8878 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xia, P. Yang, Y. Sun, Y. Wu, B. Mayers, B. Gates, Y. Yin, F. Kim, and H. Yan, “One-dimensional nanostructures: synthesis, characterization, and applications,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)15(5), 353–389 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Z. Ge, Y. Kang, T. A. Taton, P. V. Braun, and D. G. Cahill, “Thermal transport in au-core polymer-shell nanoparticles,” Nano Lett.5(3), 531–535 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. R. Jana, L. Gearheart, and C. J. Murphy, “Seed-mediated growth approach for shape-controlled synthesis of spheroidal and rod-like gold nanoparticles using a surfactant template,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)13(18), 1389–1393 (2001). [CrossRef]
- D. A. Giljohann and C. A. Mirkin, “Drivers of biodiagnostic development,” Nature462(7272), 461–464 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sanchot, G. Baffou, R. Marty, A. Arbouet, R. Quidant, C. Girard, and E. Dujardin, “Plasmonic nanoparticle networks for light and heat concentration,” ACS Nano6(4), 3434–3440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. R. Hirsch, R. J. Stafford, J. A. Bankson, S. R. Sershen, B. Rivera, R. E. Price, J. D. Hazle, N. J. Halas, and J. L. West, “Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(23), 13549–13554 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. Aaron, K. Travis, N. Harrison, and K. Sokolov, “Dynamic imaging of molecular assemblies in live cells based on nanoparticle plasmon resonance coupling,” Nano Lett.9(10), 3612–3618 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kumar, N. Harrison, R. Richards-Kortum, and K. Sokolov, “Plasmonic nanosensors for imaging intracellular biomarkers in live cells,” Nano Lett.7(5), 1338–1343 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. R. Hirsch, R. J. Stafford, J. A. Bankson, S. R. Sershen, B. Rivera, R. E. Price, J. D. Hazle, N. J. Halas, and J. L. West, “Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(23), 13549–13554 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. R. Hirsch, R. J. Stafford, J. A. Bankson, S. R. Sershen, B. Rivera, R. E. Price, J. D. Hazle, N. J. Halas, and J. L. West, “Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(23), 13549–13554 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. M. Tam, A. K. Murthy, D. R. Ingram, R. Nguyen, K. V. Sokolov, and K. P. Johnston, “Kinetic assembly of near-IR-active gold nanoclusters using weakly adsorbing polymers to control the size,” Langmuir26(11), 8988–8999 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. S. Choi, W. Liu, P. Misra, E. Tanaka, J. P. Zimmer, B. Itty Ipe, M. G. Bawendi, and J. V. Frangioni, “Renal clearance of quantum dots,” Nat. Biotechnol.25(10), 1165–1170 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. M. Tam, J. O. Tam, A. Murthy, D. R. Ingram, L. L. Ma, K. Travis, K. P. Johnston, and K. V. Sokolov, “Controlled assembly of biodegradable plasmonic nanoclusters for near-infrared imaging and therapeutic applications,” ACS Nano4(4), 2178–2184 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Yoon, S. Mallidi, J. M. Tam, J. O. Tam, A. Murthy, K. P. Johnston, K. V. Sokolov, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Utility of biodegradable plasmonic nanoclusters in photoacoustic imaging,” Opt. Lett.35(22), 3751–3753 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- B. Wang, E. Yantsen, T. Larson, A. B. Karpiouk, S. Sethuraman, J. L. Su, K. Sokolov, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Plasmonic intravascular photoacoustic imaging for detection of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques,” Nano Lett.9(6), 2212–2217 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Evans, R. Prasher, J. Fish, P. Meakin, P. Phelan, and P. Keblinski, “Effect of aggregation and interfacial thermal resistance on thermal conductivity of nanocomposites and colloidal nanofluids,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer51(5-6), 1431–1438 (2008). [CrossRef]
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- M. S. Yavuz, Y. Cheng, J. Chen, C. M. Cobley, Q. Zhang, M. Rycenga, J. Xie, C. Kim, K. H. Song, A. G. Schwartz, L. V. Wang, and Y. Xia, “Gold nanocages covered by smart polymers for controlled release with near-infrared light,” Nat. Mater.8(12), 935–939 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- Y. S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, P. Kruizinga, K. Homan, and S. Emelianov, “Silica-coated gold nanorods as photoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers,” Nano Lett.11(2), 348–354 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Homan, S. Kim, Y.-S. Chen, B. Wang, S. Mallidi, and S. Emelianov, “Prospects of molecular photoacoustic imaging at 1064 nm wavelength,” Opt. Lett.35(15), 2663–2665 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, K. Homan, P. Kruizinga, K. Sokolov, and S. Emelianov, “Enhanced thermal stability of silica-coated gold nanorods for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided therapy,” Opt. Express18(9), 8867–8878 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Agarwal, S. W. Huang, M. O'Donnell, K. C. Day, M. Day, N. Kotov, and S. Ashkenazi, “Targeted gold nanorod contrast agent for prostate cancer detection by photoacoustic imaging,” J. Appl. Phys.102(6), 064701 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Y. S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, P. Kruizinga, K. Homan, and S. Emelianov, “Silica-coated gold nanorods as photoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers,” Nano Lett.11(2), 348–354 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, K. Homan, P. Kruizinga, K. Sokolov, and S. Emelianov, “Enhanced thermal stability of silica-coated gold nanorods for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided therapy,” Opt. Express18(9), 8867–8878 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kumar, N. Harrison, R. Richards-Kortum, and K. Sokolov, “Plasmonic nanosensors for imaging intracellular biomarkers in live cells,” Nano Lett.7(5), 1338–1343 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Wang, E. Yantsen, T. Larson, A. B. Karpiouk, S. Sethuraman, J. L. Su, K. Sokolov, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Plasmonic intravascular photoacoustic imaging for detection of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques,” Nano Lett.9(6), 2212–2217 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Shah, S. Park, S. Aglyamov, T. Larson, L. Ma, K. Sokolov, K. Johnston, T. Milner, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Photoacoustic imaging and temperature measurement for photothermal cancer therapy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 034024 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Mallidi, T. Larson, J. Aaron, K. Sokolov, and S. Emelianov, “Molecular specific optoacoustic imaging with plasmonic nanoparticles,” Opt. Express15(11), 6583–6588 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. K. Jain, K. S. Lee, I. H. El-Sayed, and M. A. El-Sayed, “Calculated absorption and scattering properties of gold nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition: applications in biological imaging and biomedicine,” J. Phys. Chem. B110(14), 7238–7248 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Elghanian, J. J. Storhoff, R. C. Mucic, R. L. Letsinger, and C. A. Mirkin, “Selective colorimetric detection of polynucleotides based on the distance-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles,” Science277(5329), 1078–1081 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Lewinski, V. Colvin, and R. Drezek, “Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles,” Small4(1), 26–49 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Y. Emelianov, P. C. Li, and M. O’Donnell, “Photoacoustics for molecular imaging and therapy,” Phys. Today62(5), 34–39 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.-C. Chen, C.-W. Wei, J. S. Souris, S.-H. Cheng, C.-T. Chen, C.-S. Yang, P.-C. Li, and L.-W. Lo, “Enhanced photoacoustic stability of gold nanorods by silica matrix confinement,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(1), 016010 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. S. Choi, W. Liu, P. Misra, E. Tanaka, J. P. Zimmer, B. Itty Ipe, M. G. Bawendi, and J. V. Frangioni, “Renal clearance of quantum dots,” Nat. Biotechnol.25(10), 1165–1170 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L.-C. Chen, C.-W. Wei, J. S. Souris, S.-H. Cheng, C.-T. Chen, C.-S. Yang, P.-C. Li, and L.-W. Lo, “Enhanced photoacoustic stability of gold nanorods by silica matrix confinement,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(1), 016010 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. N. Anker, W. P. Hall, O. Lyandres, N. C. Shah, J. Zhao, and R. P. Van Duyne, “Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors,” Nat. Mater.7(6), 442–453 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Shah, S. Park, S. Aglyamov, T. Larson, L. Ma, K. Sokolov, K. Johnston, T. Milner, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Photoacoustic imaging and temperature measurement for photothermal cancer therapy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 034024 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Tam, J. O. Tam, A. Murthy, D. R. Ingram, L. L. Ma, K. Travis, K. P. Johnston, and K. V. Sokolov, “Controlled assembly of biodegradable plasmonic nanoclusters for near-infrared imaging and therapeutic applications,” ACS Nano4(4), 2178–2184 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Homan, S. Kim, Y.-S. Chen, B. Wang, S. Mallidi, and S. Emelianov, “Prospects of molecular photoacoustic imaging at 1064 nm wavelength,” Opt. Lett.35(15), 2663–2665 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Yoon, S. Mallidi, J. M. Tam, J. O. Tam, A. Murthy, K. P. Johnston, K. V. Sokolov, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Utility of biodegradable plasmonic nanoclusters in photoacoustic imaging,” Opt. Lett.35(22), 3751–3753 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Mallidi, T. Larson, J. Aaron, K. Sokolov, and S. Emelianov, “Molecular specific optoacoustic imaging with plasmonic nanoparticles,” Opt. Express15(11), 6583–6588 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Sokolov, M. Follen, J. Aaron, I. Pavlova, A. Malpica, R. Lotan, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Real-time vital optical imaging of precancer using anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles,” Cancer Res.63(9), 1999–2004 (2003). [PubMed]
- A. Sanchot, G. Baffou, R. Marty, A. Arbouet, R. Quidant, C. Girard, and E. Dujardin, “Plasmonic nanoparticle networks for light and heat concentration,” ACS Nano6(4), 3434–3440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. H. Song, C. Kim, K. Maslov, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive in vivo spectroscopic nanorod-contrast photoacoustic mapping of sentinel lymph nodes,” Eur. J. Radiol.70(2), 227–231 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xia, P. Yang, Y. Sun, Y. Wu, B. Mayers, B. Gates, Y. Yin, F. Kim, and H. Yan, “One-dimensional nanostructures: synthesis, characterization, and applications,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)15(5), 353–389 (2003). [CrossRef]
- W. Evans, R. Prasher, J. Fish, P. Meakin, P. Phelan, and P. Keblinski, “Effect of aggregation and interfacial thermal resistance on thermal conductivity of nanocomposites and colloidal nanofluids,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer51(5-6), 1431–1438 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. Shah, S. Park, S. Aglyamov, T. Larson, L. Ma, K. Sokolov, K. Johnston, T. Milner, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Photoacoustic imaging and temperature measurement for photothermal cancer therapy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 034024 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. A. Giljohann and C. A. Mirkin, “Drivers of biodiagnostic development,” Nature462(7272), 461–464 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. C. Cao, R. C. Jin, and C. A. Mirkin, “Nanoparticles with Raman spectroscopic fingerprints for DNA and RNA detection,” Science297(5586), 1536–1540 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Elghanian, J. J. Storhoff, R. C. Mucic, R. L. Letsinger, and C. A. Mirkin, “Selective colorimetric detection of polynucleotides based on the distance-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles,” Science277(5329), 1078–1081 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. S. Choi, W. Liu, P. Misra, E. Tanaka, J. P. Zimmer, B. Itty Ipe, M. G. Bawendi, and J. V. Frangioni, “Renal clearance of quantum dots,” Nat. Biotechnol.25(10), 1165–1170 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Rana, A. Bajaj, R. Mout, and V. M. Rotello, “Monolayer coated gold nanoparticles for delivery applications,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.64(2), 200–216 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Elghanian, J. J. Storhoff, R. C. Mucic, R. L. Letsinger, and C. A. Mirkin, “Selective colorimetric detection of polynucleotides based on the distance-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles,” Science277(5329), 1078–1081 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. R. Jana, L. Gearheart, and C. J. Murphy, “Seed-mediated growth approach for shape-controlled synthesis of spheroidal and rod-like gold nanoparticles using a surfactant template,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)13(18), 1389–1393 (2001). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Tam, J. O. Tam, A. Murthy, D. R. Ingram, L. L. Ma, K. Travis, K. P. Johnston, and K. V. Sokolov, “Controlled assembly of biodegradable plasmonic nanoclusters for near-infrared imaging and therapeutic applications,” ACS Nano4(4), 2178–2184 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Yoon, S. Mallidi, J. M. Tam, J. O. Tam, A. Murthy, K. P. Johnston, K. V. Sokolov, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Utility of biodegradable plasmonic nanoclusters in photoacoustic imaging,” Opt. Lett.35(22), 3751–3753 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Tam, A. K. Murthy, D. R. Ingram, R. Nguyen, K. V. Sokolov, and K. P. Johnston, “Kinetic assembly of near-IR-active gold nanoclusters using weakly adsorbing polymers to control the size,” Langmuir26(11), 8988–8999 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Tam, A. K. Murthy, D. R. Ingram, R. Nguyen, K. V. Sokolov, and K. P. Johnston, “Kinetic assembly of near-IR-active gold nanoclusters using weakly adsorbing polymers to control the size,” Langmuir26(11), 8988–8999 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Nikoobakht and M. A. El-Sayed, “Preparation and growth mechanism of gold nanorods (NRs) using seed-mediated growth method,” Chem. Mater.15(10), 1957–1962 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Y. Emelianov, P. C. Li, and M. O’Donnell, “Photoacoustics for molecular imaging and therapy,” Phys. Today62(5), 34–39 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Agarwal, S. W. Huang, M. O'Donnell, K. C. Day, M. Day, N. Kotov, and S. Ashkenazi, “Targeted gold nanorod contrast agent for prostate cancer detection by photoacoustic imaging,” J. Appl. Phys.102(6), 064701 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Shah, S. Park, S. Aglyamov, T. Larson, L. Ma, K. Sokolov, K. Johnston, T. Milner, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Photoacoustic imaging and temperature measurement for photothermal cancer therapy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 034024 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Sokolov, M. Follen, J. Aaron, I. Pavlova, A. Malpica, R. Lotan, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Real-time vital optical imaging of precancer using anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles,” Cancer Res.63(9), 1999–2004 (2003). [PubMed]
- W. Evans, R. Prasher, J. Fish, P. Meakin, P. Phelan, and P. Keblinski, “Effect of aggregation and interfacial thermal resistance on thermal conductivity of nanocomposites and colloidal nanofluids,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer51(5-6), 1431–1438 (2008). [CrossRef]
- W. Evans, R. Prasher, J. Fish, P. Meakin, P. Phelan, and P. Keblinski, “Effect of aggregation and interfacial thermal resistance on thermal conductivity of nanocomposites and colloidal nanofluids,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer51(5-6), 1431–1438 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. R. Hirsch, R. J. Stafford, J. A. Bankson, S. R. Sershen, B. Rivera, R. E. Price, J. D. Hazle, N. J. Halas, and J. L. West, “Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(23), 13549–13554 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sanchot, G. Baffou, R. Marty, A. Arbouet, R. Quidant, C. Girard, and E. Dujardin, “Plasmonic nanoparticle networks for light and heat concentration,” ACS Nano6(4), 3434–3440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Rana, A. Bajaj, R. Mout, and V. M. Rotello, “Monolayer coated gold nanoparticles for delivery applications,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.64(2), 200–216 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kumar, N. Harrison, R. Richards-Kortum, and K. Sokolov, “Plasmonic nanosensors for imaging intracellular biomarkers in live cells,” Nano Lett.7(5), 1338–1343 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Sokolov, M. Follen, J. Aaron, I. Pavlova, A. Malpica, R. Lotan, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Real-time vital optical imaging of precancer using anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles,” Cancer Res.63(9), 1999–2004 (2003). [PubMed]
- L. R. Hirsch, R. J. Stafford, J. A. Bankson, S. R. Sershen, B. Rivera, R. E. Price, J. D. Hazle, N. J. Halas, and J. L. West, “Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(23), 13549–13554 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Rana, A. Bajaj, R. Mout, and V. M. Rotello, “Monolayer coated gold nanoparticles for delivery applications,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.64(2), 200–216 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Yavuz, Y. Cheng, J. Chen, C. M. Cobley, Q. Zhang, M. Rycenga, J. Xie, C. Kim, K. H. Song, A. G. Schwartz, L. V. Wang, and Y. Xia, “Gold nanocages covered by smart polymers for controlled release with near-infrared light,” Nat. Mater.8(12), 935–939 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sanchot, G. Baffou, R. Marty, A. Arbouet, R. Quidant, C. Girard, and E. Dujardin, “Plasmonic nanoparticle networks for light and heat concentration,” ACS Nano6(4), 3434–3440 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Yavuz, Y. Cheng, J. Chen, C. M. Cobley, Q. Zhang, M. Rycenga, J. Xie, C. Kim, K. H. Song, A. G. Schwartz, L. V. Wang, and Y. Xia, “Gold nanocages covered by smart polymers for controlled release with near-infrared light,” Nat. Mater.8(12), 935–939 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. R. Hirsch, R. J. Stafford, J. A. Bankson, S. R. Sershen, B. Rivera, R. E. Price, J. D. Hazle, N. J. Halas, and J. L. West, “Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.100(23), 13549–13554 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Wang, E. Yantsen, T. Larson, A. B. Karpiouk, S. Sethuraman, J. L. Su, K. Sokolov, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Plasmonic intravascular photoacoustic imaging for detection of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques,” Nano Lett.9(6), 2212–2217 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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ACS Nano
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Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)
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Langmuir
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Nano Lett.
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Nanomedicine (Lond)
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Nat. Mater.
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Nature
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Opt. Lett.
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Phys. Today
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Science
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