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Evaluation of thermo-optic characteristics of cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG ceramicsRyo Yasuhara, Hiroaki Furuse, Akifumi Iwamoto, Junji Kawanaka, and Takagimi Yanagitani »View Author Affiliations
Ryo Yasuhara,1,*
Hiroaki Furuse,2
Akifumi Iwamoto,1
Junji Kawanaka,3
and Takagimi Yanagitani4
1National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6, Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan 2Institute for Laser Technology, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 3Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 4Material Development Dept., Konoshima Chemical Co. Ltd., 80 Koda, Takuma, Mitoyo, Kagawa 769-1103, Japan *Corresponding author: yasuhara@nifs.ac.jp |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 28, pp. 29531-29539 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.029531
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Abstract
The temperature dependence of the thermo-optic effect in cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG ceramics was evaluated by measuring the thermo-optic coefficient (the derivative of refractive index with respect to temperature, i.e., dn/dT), thermal expansion coefficient (α), and thermal conductivity (κ) between 70 and 300 K. These parameters significantly improved at low temperature. Observed values indicated that a laser gain medium cooled to 70 K can sustain a thermal load up to 20 times higher than that at 300 K, for comparable thermo-optic effects. To our best knowledge, this is the first quantitative evaluation of the improvement in thermo-optic characteristics of cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG ceramics.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.3380) Lasers and laser optics : Laser materials
(140.6810) Lasers and laser optics : Thermal effects
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: October 31, 2012
Revised Manuscript: November 26, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: November 26, 2012
Published: December 19, 2012
Citation
Ryo Yasuhara, Hiroaki Furuse, Akifumi Iwamoto, Junji Kawanaka, and Takagimi Yanagitani, "Evaluation of thermo-optic characteristics of cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG ceramics," Opt. Express 20, 29531-29539 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-28-29531
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- J.-C. Chanteloup, D. Albach, A. Lucianetti, K. Ertel, S. Banerjee, P. D. Mason, C. Hernandez-Gomez, J. L. Collier, J. Hein, M. Wolf, J. Körner, and B. J. L. Garrec, “Multi kJ level laser concepts for HiPER facility,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.244(1), 012010 (2010). [CrossRef]
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- N. Vretenar, T. C. Newell, T. Carson, P. Peterson, T. Lucas, W. P. Latham, H. Bostanci, J. J. Lindauer, B. A. Saarloos, and D. P. Rini, “Cryogenic ceramic 277 watt Yb:YAG thin-disk laser,” Opt. Eng.51(1), 014201 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. Hornung, R. Bödefeld, M. Siebold, A. Kessler, M. Schnepp, R. Wachs, A. Sävert, S. Podleska, S. Keppler, J. Hein, and M. C. Kaluza, “Temporal pulse control of a multi-10 TW diode-pumped Yb:glass laser,” Appl. Phys. B101(1–2), 93–102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- N. Vretenar, T. C. Newell, T. Carson, P. Peterson, T. Lucas, W. P. Latham, H. Bostanci, J. J. Lindauer, B. A. Saarloos, and D. P. Rini, “Cryogenic ceramic 277 watt Yb:YAG thin-disk laser,” Opt. Eng.51(1), 014201 (2012). [CrossRef]
- T. Y. Fan, D. J. Ripin, R. L. Aggarwal, J. R. Ochoa, B. Chann, M. Tilleman, and J. Spitzberg, “Cryogenic Yb3+-doped solid-state lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(3), 448–459 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. L. Aggarwal, D. J. Ripin, J. R. Ochoa, and T. Y. Fan, “Measurement of thermo-optic properties of Y3Al5O12, Lu3Al5O12, YAIO3, LiYF4, LiLuF4, BaY2F8, KGd(WO4)2, and KY(WO4)2 laser crystals in the 80–300 K temperature range,” J. Appl. Phys.98, 103514 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Ripin, J. R. Ochoa, R. L. Aggarwal, and T. Y. Fan, “165-W cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG laser,” Opt. Lett.29(18), 2154–2156 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Vretenar, T. C. Newell, T. Carson, P. Peterson, T. Lucas, W. P. Latham, H. Bostanci, J. J. Lindauer, B. A. Saarloos, and D. P. Rini, “Cryogenic ceramic 277 watt Yb:YAG thin-disk laser,” Opt. Eng.51(1), 014201 (2012). [CrossRef]
- R. Yasuhara, M. Yoshikawa, M. Morimoto, I. Yamada, K. Kawahata, H. Funaba, Y. Shima, J. Kohagura, M. Sakamoto, Y. Nakashima, T. Imai, and T. Minami, “Design of the polarization multi-pass Thomson scattering system,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.83(10), 10E326 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hornung, R. Bödefeld, M. Siebold, A. Kessler, M. Schnepp, R. Wachs, A. Sävert, S. Podleska, S. Keppler, J. Hein, and M. C. Kaluza, “Temporal pulse control of a multi-10 TW diode-pumped Yb:glass laser,” Appl. Phys. B101(1–2), 93–102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Bayramian, J. Armstrong, G. Beer, R. Campbell, B. Chai, R. Cross, A. Erlandson, Y. Fei, B. Freitas, R. Kent, J. Menapace, W. Molander, K. Schaffers, C. Siders, S. Sutton, J. Tassano, S. Telford, C. Ebbers, J. Caird, and C. Barty, “High-average-power femto-petawatt laser pumped by the mercury laser facility,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25(7), B57–B61 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. Hornung, R. Bödefeld, M. Siebold, A. Kessler, M. Schnepp, R. Wachs, A. Sävert, S. Podleska, S. Keppler, J. Hein, and M. C. Kaluza, “Temporal pulse control of a multi-10 TW diode-pumped Yb:glass laser,” Appl. Phys. B101(1–2), 93–102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. Yasuhara, T. Kawashima, T. Sekine, T. Kurita, T. Ikegawa, O. Matsumoto, M. Miyamoto, H. Kan, H. Yoshida, J. Kawanaka, M. Nakatsuka, N. Miyanaga, Y. Izawa, and T. Kanabe, “213 W average power of 2.4 GW pulsed thermally controlled Nd:glass zigzag slab laser with a stimulated Brillouin scattering mirror,” Opt. Lett.33(15), 1711–1713 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Yasuhara, M. Yoshikawa, M. Morimoto, I. Yamada, K. Kawahata, H. Funaba, Y. Shima, J. Kohagura, M. Sakamoto, Y. Nakashima, T. Imai, and T. Minami, “Design of the polarization multi-pass Thomson scattering system,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.83(10), 10E326 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Bayramian, J. Armstrong, G. Beer, R. Campbell, B. Chai, R. Cross, A. Erlandson, Y. Fei, B. Freitas, R. Kent, J. Menapace, W. Molander, K. Schaffers, C. Siders, S. Sutton, J. Tassano, S. Telford, C. Ebbers, J. Caird, and C. Barty, “High-average-power femto-petawatt laser pumped by the mercury laser facility,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25(7), B57–B61 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Banerjee, K. Ertel, P. D. Mason, P. J. Phillips, M. Siebold, M. Loeser, C. Hernandez-Gomez, and J. L. Collier, “High-efficiency 10 J diode pumped cryogenic gas cooled Yb:YAG multislab amplifier,” Opt. Lett.37(12), 2175–2177 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hornung, R. Bödefeld, M. Siebold, A. Kessler, M. Schnepp, R. Wachs, A. Sävert, S. Podleska, S. Keppler, J. Hein, and M. C. Kaluza, “Temporal pulse control of a multi-10 TW diode-pumped Yb:glass laser,” Appl. Phys. B101(1–2), 93–102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- K. W. D. Ledingham, P. McKenna, and R. P. Singhal, “Applications for nuclear phenomena generated by ultra-intense lasers,” Science300(5622), 1107–1111 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Y. Fan, D. J. Ripin, R. L. Aggarwal, J. R. Ochoa, B. Chann, M. Tilleman, and J. Spitzberg, “Cryogenic Yb3+-doped solid-state lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(3), 448–459 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Bayramian, J. Armstrong, G. Beer, R. Campbell, B. Chai, R. Cross, A. Erlandson, Y. Fei, B. Freitas, R. Kent, J. Menapace, W. Molander, K. Schaffers, C. Siders, S. Sutton, J. Tassano, S. Telford, C. Ebbers, J. Caird, and C. Barty, “High-average-power femto-petawatt laser pumped by the mercury laser facility,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25(7), B57–B61 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H. Furuse, J. Kawanaka, N. Miyanaga, H. Chosrowjan, M. Fujita, K. Takeshita, and Y. Izawa, “Output characteristics of high power cryogenic Yb:YAG TRAM laser oscillator,” Opt. Express20(19), 21739–21748 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Furuse, J. Kawanaka, K. Takeshita, N. Miyanaga, T. Saiki, K. Imasaki, M. Fujita, and S. Ishii, “Total-reflection active-mirror laser with cryogenic Yb:YAG ceramics,” Opt. Lett.34(21), 3439–3441 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Kawanaka, Y. Takeuchi, A. Yoshida, S. J. Pearce, R. Yasuhara, T. Kawashima, and H. Kan, “Highly efficient cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG laser,” Laser Phys.20(5), 1079–1084 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Bayramian, J. Armstrong, G. Beer, R. Campbell, B. Chai, R. Cross, A. Erlandson, Y. Fei, B. Freitas, R. Kent, J. Menapace, W. Molander, K. Schaffers, C. Siders, S. Sutton, J. Tassano, S. Telford, C. Ebbers, J. Caird, and C. Barty, “High-average-power femto-petawatt laser pumped by the mercury laser facility,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25(7), B57–B61 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Bayramian, J. Armstrong, G. Beer, R. Campbell, B. Chai, R. Cross, A. Erlandson, Y. Fei, B. Freitas, R. Kent, J. Menapace, W. Molander, K. Schaffers, C. Siders, S. Sutton, J. Tassano, S. Telford, C. Ebbers, J. Caird, and C. Barty, “High-average-power femto-petawatt laser pumped by the mercury laser facility,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25(7), B57–B61 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. Y. Fan, D. J. Ripin, R. L. Aggarwal, J. R. Ochoa, B. Chann, M. Tilleman, and J. Spitzberg, “Cryogenic Yb3+-doped solid-state lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(3), 448–459 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, T. Numazawa, and K. Ueda, “The physical properties of transparent Y3Al5O12: Elastic modulus at high temperature and thermal conductivity at low temperature,” Ceram. Int.33(5), 711–714 (2007). [CrossRef]
- N. Vretenar, T. C. Newell, T. Carson, P. Peterson, T. Lucas, W. P. Latham, H. Bostanci, J. J. Lindauer, B. A. Saarloos, and D. P. Rini, “Cryogenic ceramic 277 watt Yb:YAG thin-disk laser,” Opt. Eng.51(1), 014201 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. Hornung, R. Bödefeld, M. Siebold, A. Kessler, M. Schnepp, R. Wachs, A. Sävert, S. Podleska, S. Keppler, J. Hein, and M. C. Kaluza, “Temporal pulse control of a multi-10 TW diode-pumped Yb:glass laser,” Appl. Phys. B101(1–2), 93–102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T. Ditmire, J. Zweiback, V. P. Yanovsky, T. E. Cowan, G. Hays, and K. B. Wharton, “Nuclear fusion from explosions of femtosecond laser-heated deuterium clusters,” Nature398(6727), 489–492 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J.-C. Chanteloup, D. Albach, A. Lucianetti, K. Ertel, S. Banerjee, P. D. Mason, C. Hernandez-Gomez, J. L. Collier, J. Hein, M. Wolf, J. Körner, and B. J. L. Garrec, “Multi kJ level laser concepts for HiPER facility,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.244(1), 012010 (2010). [CrossRef]
- H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, T. Numazawa, and K. Ueda, “The physical properties of transparent Y3Al5O12: Elastic modulus at high temperature and thermal conductivity at low temperature,” Ceram. Int.33(5), 711–714 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. Yasuhara, M. Yoshikawa, M. Morimoto, I. Yamada, K. Kawahata, H. Funaba, Y. Shima, J. Kohagura, M. Sakamoto, Y. Nakashima, T. Imai, and T. Minami, “Design of the polarization multi-pass Thomson scattering system,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.83(10), 10E326 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, T. Numazawa, and K. Ueda, “The physical properties of transparent Y3Al5O12: Elastic modulus at high temperature and thermal conductivity at low temperature,” Ceram. Int.33(5), 711–714 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. Ditmire, J. Zweiback, V. P. Yanovsky, T. E. Cowan, G. Hays, and K. B. Wharton, “Nuclear fusion from explosions of femtosecond laser-heated deuterium clusters,” Nature398(6727), 489–492 (1999). [CrossRef]
- R. Yasuhara, M. Yoshikawa, M. Morimoto, I. Yamada, K. Kawahata, H. Funaba, Y. Shima, J. Kohagura, M. Sakamoto, Y. Nakashima, T. Imai, and T. Minami, “Design of the polarization multi-pass Thomson scattering system,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.83(10), 10E326 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Kawanaka, Y. Takeuchi, A. Yoshida, S. J. Pearce, R. Yasuhara, T. Kawashima, and H. Kan, “Highly efficient cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG laser,” Laser Phys.20(5), 1079–1084 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. Yasuhara, T. Kawashima, T. Sekine, T. Kurita, T. Ikegawa, O. Matsumoto, M. Miyamoto, H. Kan, H. Yoshida, J. Kawanaka, M. Nakatsuka, N. Miyanaga, Y. Izawa, and T. Kanabe, “213 W average power of 2.4 GW pulsed thermally controlled Nd:glass zigzag slab laser with a stimulated Brillouin scattering mirror,” Opt. Lett.33(15), 1711–1713 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Kawanaka, Y. Takeuchi, A. Yoshida, S. J. Pearce, R. Yasuhara, T. Kawashima, and H. Kan, “Highly efficient cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG laser,” Laser Phys.20(5), 1079–1084 (2010). [CrossRef]
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Appl. Opt.
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Appl. Phys. B
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Ceram. Int.
- H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, T. Numazawa, and K. Ueda, “The physical properties of transparent Y3Al5O12: Elastic modulus at high temperature and thermal conductivity at low temperature,” Ceram. Int.33(5), 711–714 (2007). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- T. Y. Fan, D. J. Ripin, R. L. Aggarwal, J. R. Ochoa, B. Chann, M. Tilleman, and J. Spitzberg, “Cryogenic Yb3+-doped solid-state lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(3), 448–459 (2007). [CrossRef]
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IEEE Photon. J.
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J. Appl. Phys.
- R. L. Aggarwal, D. J. Ripin, J. R. Ochoa, and T. Y. Fan, “Measurement of thermo-optic properties of Y3Al5O12, Lu3Al5O12, YAIO3, LiYF4, LiLuF4, BaY2F8, KGd(WO4)2, and KY(WO4)2 laser crystals in the 80–300 K temperature range,” J. Appl. Phys.98, 103514 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
- J.-C. Chanteloup, D. Albach, A. Lucianetti, K. Ertel, S. Banerjee, P. D. Mason, C. Hernandez-Gomez, J. L. Collier, J. Hein, M. Wolf, J. Körner, and B. J. L. Garrec, “Multi kJ level laser concepts for HiPER facility,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.244(1), 012010 (2010). [CrossRef]
J. Strain Analysis
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Laser Phys.
- J. Kawanaka, Y. Takeuchi, A. Yoshida, S. J. Pearce, R. Yasuhara, T. Kawashima, and H. Kan, “Highly efficient cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG laser,” Laser Phys.20(5), 1079–1084 (2010). [CrossRef]
Meas. Sci. Technol.
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Nature
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Nuc. Fus.
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Opt. Eng.
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Opt. Express
- H. Furuse, J. Kawanaka, N. Miyanaga, H. Chosrowjan, M. Fujita, K. Takeshita, and Y. Izawa, “Output characteristics of high power cryogenic Yb:YAG TRAM laser oscillator,” Opt. Express20(19), 21739–21748 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- S. Banerjee, K. Ertel, P. D. Mason, P. J. Phillips, M. Siebold, M. Loeser, C. Hernandez-Gomez, and J. L. Collier, “High-efficiency 10 J diode pumped cryogenic gas cooled Yb:YAG multislab amplifier,” Opt. Lett.37(12), 2175–2177 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Opt. Mater.
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Rev. Sci. Instrum.
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Science
- K. W. D. Ledingham, P. McKenna, and R. P. Singhal, “Applications for nuclear phenomena generated by ultra-intense lasers,” Science300(5622), 1107–1111 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
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2012, Yasuhara, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
- R. Yasuhara, M. Yoshikawa, M. Morimoto, I. Yamada, K. Kawahata, H. Funaba, Y. Shima, J. Kohagura, M. Sakamoto, Y. Nakashima, T. Imai, and T. Minami, “Design of the polarization multi-pass Thomson scattering system,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.83(10), 10E326 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Vretenar, T. C. Newell, T. Carson, P. Peterson, T. Lucas, W. P. Latham, H. Bostanci, J. J. Lindauer, B. A. Saarloos, and D. P. Rini, “Cryogenic ceramic 277 watt Yb:YAG thin-disk laser,” Opt. Eng.51(1), 014201 (2012). [CrossRef]
- V. Cardinali, E. Marmois, B. Le Garrec, and G. Bourdet, “Determination of the thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT of ytterbium doped ceramics (Sc2O3, Y2O3, Lu2O3, YAG), crystals (YAG, CaF2) and neodymium doped phosphate glass at cryogenic temperature,” Opt. Mater.34(6), 990–994 (2012). [CrossRef]
- J.-C. Chanteloup and D. Albach, “Current status on high average power and energy diode pumped solid state lasers,” IEEE Photon. J.3(2), 245–248 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. Hornung, R. Bödefeld, M. Siebold, A. Kessler, M. Schnepp, R. Wachs, A. Sävert, S. Podleska, S. Keppler, J. Hein, and M. C. Kaluza, “Temporal pulse control of a multi-10 TW diode-pumped Yb:glass laser,” Appl. Phys. B101(1–2), 93–102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Kawanaka, Y. Takeuchi, A. Yoshida, S. J. Pearce, R. Yasuhara, T. Kawashima, and H. Kan, “Highly efficient cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG laser,” Laser Phys.20(5), 1079–1084 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J.-C. Chanteloup, D. Albach, A. Lucianetti, K. Ertel, S. Banerjee, P. D. Mason, C. Hernandez-Gomez, J. L. Collier, J. Hein, M. Wolf, J. Körner, and B. J. L. Garrec, “Multi kJ level laser concepts for HiPER facility,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.244(1), 012010 (2010). [CrossRef]
- E. I. Moses, “Ignition on the national ignition facility: a path towards inertial fusion energy,” Nuc. Fus.49(10), 104022 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Yasuhara, T. Kawashima, T. Sekine, T. Kurita, T. Ikegawa, O. Matsumoto, M. Miyamoto, H. Kan, H. Yoshida, J. Kawanaka, M. Nakatsuka, N. Miyanaga, Y. Izawa, and T. Kanabe, “213 W average power of 2.4 GW pulsed thermally controlled Nd:glass zigzag slab laser with a stimulated Brillouin scattering mirror,” Opt. Lett.33(15), 1711–1713 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Bayramian, J. Armstrong, G. Beer, R. Campbell, B. Chai, R. Cross, A. Erlandson, Y. Fei, B. Freitas, R. Kent, J. Menapace, W. Molander, K. Schaffers, C. Siders, S. Sutton, J. Tassano, S. Telford, C. Ebbers, J. Caird, and C. Barty, “High-average-power femto-petawatt laser pumped by the mercury laser facility,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25(7), B57–B61 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, T. Numazawa, and K. Ueda, “The physical properties of transparent Y3Al5O12: Elastic modulus at high temperature and thermal conductivity at low temperature,” Ceram. Int.33(5), 711–714 (2007). [CrossRef]
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