10 GHz femtosecond pulse interleaver in planar waveguide technology

doi:10.1364/OE.20.004102

10 GHz femtosecond pulse interleaver in planar waveguide technology

Michelle Y. Sander, Sergey Frolov, Joseph Shmulovich, Erich P. Ippen, and Franz X. Kärtner »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 4102-4113 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.004102

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Abstract

Coherent pulse interleaving implemented in planar waveguide technology is presented as a compact and robust solution to generate high repetition rate frequency combs. We demonstrate a 10 GHz pulse train from an Er-doped femtosecond fiber laser that is coupled into waveguide interleavers and multiplied in repetition rate by a factor of 16. With thermal tuning of the chip elements, we achieve optical and RF sidemode suppression levels of at least −30 dB.

OCIS Codes
(230.3120) Optical devices : Integrated optics devices
(320.7090) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast lasers
(320.7160) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast technology
(130.2755) Integrated optics : Glass waveguides

ToC Category:
Ultrafast Optics

History
Original Manuscript: November 11, 2011
Revised Manuscript: January 20, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: January 30, 2012
Published: February 3, 2012

Citation
Michelle Y. Sander, Sergey Frolov, Joseph Shmulovich, Erich P. Ippen, and Franz X. Kärtner, "10 GHz femtosecond pulse interleaver in planar waveguide technology," Opt. Express 20, 4102-4113 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-4-4102

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References

E. Ippen, A. Benedick, J. Birge, H. Byun, L. Chen, G. Chang, D. Chao, J. Morse, A. Motamedi, M. Sander, G. Petrich, L. Kolodziejski, and F. Kärtner, “Optical arbitrary waveform generation,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2010, JThC4 (2010).
S. T. Cundiff, “Metrology: new generation of combs,” Nature450(7173), 1175–1176 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. T. Murphy, T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, A. Sizmann, L. Pasquini, C. Araujo-Hauck, H. Dekker, S. D'Odorico, M. Fischer, T. W. Hänsch, and A. Manescau, “High-precision wavelength calibration of astronomical spectrographs with laser frequency combs,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.380(2), 839–847 (2007). [CrossRef]
C. H. Li, A. J. Benedick, P. Fendel, A. G. Glenday, F. X. Kärtner, D. F. Phillips, D. Sasselov, A. Szentgyorgyi, and R. L. Walsworth, “A laser frequency comb that enables radial velocity measurements with a precision of 1 cm s-1,” Nature452(7187), 610–612 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, C. Araujo-Hauck, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, L. Pasquini, A. Manescau, S. D’Odorico, M. T. Murphy, T. Kentischer, W. Schmidt, and T. Udem, “Laser frequency combs for astronomical observations,” Science321(5894), 1335–1337 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Bartels, S. A. Diddams, C. W. Oates, G. Wilpers, J. C. Bergquist, W. H. Oskay, and L. Hollberg, “Femtosecond-laser-based synthesis of ultrastable microwave signals from optical frequency references,” Opt. Lett.30(6), 667–669 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Millo, R. Boudot, M. Lours, P. Y. Bourgeois, A. N. Luiten, Y. Le Coq, Y. Kersalé, and G. Santarelli, “Ultra-low-noise microwave extraction from fiber-based optical frequency comb,” Opt. Lett.34(23), 3707–3709 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. Quinlan, T. M. Fortier, M. S. Kirchner, J. A. Taylor, M. J. Thorpe, N. Lemke, A. D. Ludlow, Y. Jiang, and S. A. Diddams, “Ultralow phase noise microwave generation with an Er:fiber-based optical frequency divider,” Opt. Lett.36(16), 3260–3262 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. A. Diddams, M. Kirchner, T. Fortier, D. Braje, A. M. Weiner, and L. Hollberg, “Improved signal-to-noise ratio of 10 GHz microwave signals generated with a mode-filtered femtosecond laser frequency comb,” Opt. Express17(5), 3331–3340 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Kuznetsov, “Cascaded coupler Mach-Zehnder channel dropping filters for wavelength-division-multiplexed optical systems,” J. Lightwave Technol.12(2), 226–230 (1994). [CrossRef]
X. Liu, C. Yu, Z. Zeng, and L. Liu, “Design and applications of planar waveguide interleaving filters,” Proc. SPIE5623, 594–604 (2005). [CrossRef]
M. Oguma, T. Kitoh, Y. Inoue, T. Mizuno, T. Shibata, M. Kohtoku, and Y. Hibino, “Compact and low-loss interleave filter employing lattice-form structure and silica-based waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol.22(3), 895–902 (2004). [CrossRef]
T. Chiba, “Waveguide interleaving filters,” Proc. SPIE5246, 532–538 (2003). [CrossRef]
S. Cao, J. Chen, J. Damask, C. Doerr, L. Guiziou, G. Harvey, Y. Hibino, H. Li, S. Suzuki, K. Wu, and P. Xie, “Interleaver technology: comparisons and applications requirements,” J. Lightwave Technol.22(1), 281–289 (2004). [CrossRef]
M. Kawachi, “Silica waveguides on silicon and their application to integrated-optic components,” Opt. Quantum Electron.22(5), 391–416 (1990). [CrossRef]
H. G. Weber and M. Nagazawa, Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Transmission Technology (Springer, 2007).
P. Guan, T. Hirano, K. Harako, Y. Tomoyama, T. Hirooka, and M. Nagazawa, “2.56 Tbit/s/ch polarization-multiplexed DQPSK transmission over 300 km using time-domain optical Fourier transformation,” in ECOC Technical Digest, 2011, We.10.P1.80 (2011).
H. Byun, D. Pudo, S. Frolov, A. Hanjani, J. Shmulovich, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Integrated 2 GHz femtosecond laser based on a planar Er-doped lightwave circuit,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2010, CFE5 (2010).
M. Y. Sander, H. Byun, J. Morse, D. Chao, H. M. Shen, A. Motamedi, G. Petrich, L. Kolodziejski, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “1 GHz femtosecond erbium-doped fiber lasers,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2010, CTuII (2010).
H. Byun, M. Y. Sander, A. Motamedi, H. Shen, G. S. Petrich, L. A. Kolodziejski, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Compact, stable 1 GHz femtosecond Er-doped fiber lasers,” Appl. Opt.49(29), 5577–5582 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Y. Sander, H. Byun, M. Dahlem, D. Chao, A. R. Motamedi, G. Petrich, L. Kolodziejski, S. Frolov, H. Hao, J. Shmulovich, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kaertner, “10 GHz waveguide interleaved femtosecond pulse train,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2011, CThY6 (2011).
S. Cundiff, B. Collings, and W. Knox, “Polarization locking in an isotropic, modelocked soliton Er/Yb fiber laser,” Opt. Express1(1), 12–21 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] E. Ippen, A. Benedick, J. Birge, H. Byun, L. Chen, G. Chang, D. Chao, J. Morse, A. Motamedi, M. Sander, G. Petrich, L. Kolodziejski, and F. Kärtner, “Optical arbitrary waveform generation,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2010, JThC4 (2010).

[2] S. T. Cundiff, “Metrology: new generation of combs,” Nature450(7173), 1175–1176 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] M. T. Murphy, T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, A. Sizmann, L. Pasquini, C. Araujo-Hauck, H. Dekker, S. D'Odorico, M. Fischer, T. W. Hänsch, and A. Manescau, “High-precision wavelength calibration of astronomical spectrographs with laser frequency combs,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.380(2), 839–847 (2007). [CrossRef]

[4] C. H. Li, A. J. Benedick, P. Fendel, A. G. Glenday, F. X. Kärtner, D. F. Phillips, D. Sasselov, A. Szentgyorgyi, and R. L. Walsworth, “A laser frequency comb that enables radial velocity measurements with a precision of 1 cm s-1,” Nature452(7187), 610–612 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] T. Steinmetz, T. Wilken, C. Araujo-Hauck, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, L. Pasquini, A. Manescau, S. D’Odorico, M. T. Murphy, T. Kentischer, W. Schmidt, and T. Udem, “Laser frequency combs for astronomical observations,” Science321(5894), 1335–1337 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] A. Bartels, S. A. Diddams, C. W. Oates, G. Wilpers, J. C. Bergquist, W. H. Oskay, and L. Hollberg, “Femtosecond-laser-based synthesis of ultrastable microwave signals from optical frequency references,” Opt. Lett.30(6), 667–669 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] J. Millo, R. Boudot, M. Lours, P. Y. Bourgeois, A. N. Luiten, Y. Le Coq, Y. Kersalé, and G. Santarelli, “Ultra-low-noise microwave extraction from fiber-based optical frequency comb,” Opt. Lett.34(23), 3707–3709 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] F. Quinlan, T. M. Fortier, M. S. Kirchner, J. A. Taylor, M. J. Thorpe, N. Lemke, A. D. Ludlow, Y. Jiang, and S. A. Diddams, “Ultralow phase noise microwave generation with an Er:fiber-based optical frequency divider,” Opt. Lett.36(16), 3260–3262 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] S. A. Diddams, M. Kirchner, T. Fortier, D. Braje, A. M. Weiner, and L. Hollberg, “Improved signal-to-noise ratio of 10 GHz microwave signals generated with a mode-filtered femtosecond laser frequency comb,” Opt. Express17(5), 3331–3340 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] M. Kuznetsov, “Cascaded coupler Mach-Zehnder channel dropping filters for wavelength-division-multiplexed optical systems,” J. Lightwave Technol.12(2), 226–230 (1994). [CrossRef]

[11] X. Liu, C. Yu, Z. Zeng, and L. Liu, “Design and applications of planar waveguide interleaving filters,” Proc. SPIE5623, 594–604 (2005). [CrossRef]

[12] M. Oguma, T. Kitoh, Y. Inoue, T. Mizuno, T. Shibata, M. Kohtoku, and Y. Hibino, “Compact and low-loss interleave filter employing lattice-form structure and silica-based waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol.22(3), 895–902 (2004). [CrossRef]

[13] T. Chiba, “Waveguide interleaving filters,” Proc. SPIE5246, 532–538 (2003). [CrossRef]

[14] S. Cao, J. Chen, J. Damask, C. Doerr, L. Guiziou, G. Harvey, Y. Hibino, H. Li, S. Suzuki, K. Wu, and P. Xie, “Interleaver technology: comparisons and applications requirements,” J. Lightwave Technol.22(1), 281–289 (2004). [CrossRef]

[15] M. Kawachi, “Silica waveguides on silicon and their application to integrated-optic components,” Opt. Quantum Electron.22(5), 391–416 (1990). [CrossRef]

[16] H. G. Weber and M. Nagazawa, Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Transmission Technology (Springer, 2007).

[17] P. Guan, T. Hirano, K. Harako, Y. Tomoyama, T. Hirooka, and M. Nagazawa, “2.56 Tbit/s/ch polarization-multiplexed DQPSK transmission over 300 km using time-domain optical Fourier transformation,” in ECOC Technical Digest, 2011, We.10.P1.80 (2011).

[18] H. Byun, D. Pudo, S. Frolov, A. Hanjani, J. Shmulovich, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Integrated 2 GHz femtosecond laser based on a planar Er-doped lightwave circuit,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2010, CFE5 (2010).

[19] M. Y. Sander, H. Byun, J. Morse, D. Chao, H. M. Shen, A. Motamedi, G. Petrich, L. Kolodziejski, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “1 GHz femtosecond erbium-doped fiber lasers,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2010, CTuII (2010).

[20] H. Byun, M. Y. Sander, A. Motamedi, H. Shen, G. S. Petrich, L. A. Kolodziejski, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Compact, stable 1 GHz femtosecond Er-doped fiber lasers,” Appl. Opt.49(29), 5577–5582 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[21] M. Y. Sander, H. Byun, M. Dahlem, D. Chao, A. R. Motamedi, G. Petrich, L. Kolodziejski, S. Frolov, H. Hao, J. Shmulovich, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kaertner, “10 GHz waveguide interleaved femtosecond pulse train,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2011, CThY6 (2011).

[22] S. Cundiff, B. Collings, and W. Knox, “Polarization locking in an isotropic, modelocked soliton Er/Yb fiber laser,” Opt. Express1(1), 12–21 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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10 GHz femtosecond pulse interleaver in planar waveguide technology