Graphene-filled hollow optical fiber saturable absorber for efficient soliton fiber laser mode-locking

doi:10.1364/OE.20.005652

Graphene-filled hollow optical fiber saturable absorber for efficient soliton fiber laser mode-locking

Sun Young Choi, Dae Kun Cho, Yong-Won Song, Kyunghwan Oh, Kihong Kim, Fabian Rotermund, and Dong-Il Yeom »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 5652-5657 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.005652

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Abstract

We demonstrate a novel in-line saturable absorber based on hollow optical fiber (HOF) filled with graphene composite for high power operation of mode-locked fiber laser. Evanescent field of guided mode propagating in few centimeter-long HOF interacts with the graphene/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) composite, which enables robust and efficient nonlinear absorption leading to stable passive mode-locking. The mode-locked fiber laser generates soliton pulses with 5.9-nm spectral bandwidth and its maximum output power is measured up to 80 mW. We also observe passive harmonic mode-locking of soliton laser delivering stable pulses with a repetition rate of 506.9 MHz at 33rd harmonics.

OCIS Codes
(140.4050) Lasers and laser optics : Mode-locked lasers
(160.4330) Materials : Nonlinear optical materials
(060.4005) Fiber optics and optical communications : Microstructured fibers
(060.3510) Fiber optics and optical communications : Lasers, fiber

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: January 3, 2012
Revised Manuscript: February 8, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: February 10, 2012
Published: February 22, 2012

Citation
Sun Young Choi, Dae Kun Cho, Yong-Won Song, Kyunghwan Oh, Kihong Kim, Fabian Rotermund, and Dong-Il Yeom, "Graphene-filled hollow optical fiber saturable absorber for efficient soliton fiber laser mode-locking," Opt. Express 20, 5652-5657 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-5-5652

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References

P. Avouris, M. Freitag, and V. Perebeinos, “Carbon-nanotube photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics2(6), 341–350 (2008). [CrossRef]
F. Bonaccoroso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics4(9), 611–622 (2010). [CrossRef]
S. Y. Set, H. Yaguchi, Y. Tanaka, and M. Jablonski, “Ultrafast fiber pulsed lasers incorporating carbon nanotubes,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.10(1), 137–146 (2004). [CrossRef]
K. H. Fong, K. Kikuchi, C. S. Goh, S. Y. Set, R. Grange, M. Haiml, A. Schlatter, and U. Keller, “Solid-state Er:Yb:glass laser mode-locked by using single-wall carbon nanotube thin film,” Opt. Lett.32(1), 38–40 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. B. Cho, J. H. Yim, S. Y. Choi, S. Lee, U. Griebner, V. Petrov, and F. Rotermund, “Mode-locked self-starting Cr:forsterite laser using a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber,” Opt. Lett.33(21), 2449–2451 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater.19(19), 3077–3083 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. Kivistö, T. Hakulinen, A. Kaskela, B. Aitchison, D. P. Brown, A. G. Nasibulin, E. I. Kauppinen, A. Härkönen, and O. G. Okhotnikov, “Carbon nanotube films for ultrafast broadband technology,” Opt. Express17(4), 2358–2363 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. B. Cho, J. H. Yim, S. Y. Choi, S. Lee, A. Schmidt, G. Steinmeyer, U. Griebner, V. Petrov, D.-I. Yeom, K. Kim, and F. Rotermund, “Boosting the nonlinear optical response of carbon nanotube saturable absorbers for broadband mode-locking of bulk lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater.20(12), 1937–1943 (2010). [CrossRef]
Y.-W. Song, S.-Y. Jang, W.-S. Han, and M.-K. Bae, “Graphene mode-lockers for fiber lasers functioned with evanescent field interaction,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(5), 051122 (2010). [CrossRef]
H. Kim, J. Cho, S.-Y. Jang, and Y.-W. Song, “Deformation-immunized optical deposition of graphene for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(2), 021104 (2011). [CrossRef]
S. Stankovich, D. A. Dikin, R. D. Piner, K. A. Kohlhaas, A. Kleinhammes, Y. Jia, Y. Wu, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide,” Carbon45(7), 1558–1565 (2007). [CrossRef]
K. Oh, S. Choi, Y. Jung, and J. W. Lee, “Novel hollow optical fibers and their applications in photonic devices for optical communications,” J. Lightwave Technol.23(2), 524–532 (2005). [CrossRef]
S. Y. Choi, F. Rotermund, H. Jung, K. Oh, and D.-I. Yeom, “Femtosecond mode-locked fiber laser employing a hollow optical fiber filled with carbon nanotube dispersion as saturable absorber,” Opt. Express17(24), 21788–21793 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. J. H. C. Maas, B. Rudin, A. R. Bellancourt, D. Iwaniuk, S. V. Marchese, T. Südmeyer, and U. Keller, “High precision optical characterization of semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors,” Opt. Express16(10), 7571–7579 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. B. Grudinin, D. J. Richardson, and D. N. Payne, “Passive harmonic mode locking of a fiber soliton ring laser, EL 29, 21 (1993).
F. Li, P. K. A. Wai, and J. Nathan Kutz, “Geometrical description of the onset of multi-pulsing in mode-locked laser cavities,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B27(10), 2068–2077 (2010). [CrossRef]
D. Panasenko, P. Polynkin, A. Polynkin, J. V. Moloney, M. Mansuripur, and N. Peyghambarian, “Er-Yb femtosecond ring fiber oscillator with 1.1W average power and GHz repetition rates,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.18(7), 853–855 (2006). [CrossRef]
K. Jiang, S. Fu, P. Shum, and C. Lin, “A Wavelength-Switchable Passively Harmonically Mode-Locked Fiber Laser With Low Pumping Threshold Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.22(11), 754–756 (2010). [CrossRef]
J. N. Kutz, “Mode-locked soliton lasers,” SIAM Rev.48(4), 629–678 (2006). [CrossRef]
A. Komarov, H. Leblond, and F. Sanchez, “Multistability and hysteresis phenomena in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Phys. Rev. A71(5), 053809 (2005). [CrossRef]
C. S. Jun, J. H. Im, S. H. Yoo, S. Y. Choi, F. Rotermund, D. I. Yeom, and B. Y. Kim, “Low noise GHz passive harmonic mode-locking of soliton fiber laser using evanescent wave interaction with carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Express19(20), 19775–19780 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] P. Avouris, M. Freitag, and V. Perebeinos, “Carbon-nanotube photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics2(6), 341–350 (2008). [CrossRef]

[2] F. Bonaccoroso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics4(9), 611–622 (2010). [CrossRef]

[3] S. Y. Set, H. Yaguchi, Y. Tanaka, and M. Jablonski, “Ultrafast fiber pulsed lasers incorporating carbon nanotubes,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.10(1), 137–146 (2004). [CrossRef]

[4] K. H. Fong, K. Kikuchi, C. S. Goh, S. Y. Set, R. Grange, M. Haiml, A. Schlatter, and U. Keller, “Solid-state Er:Yb:glass laser mode-locked by using single-wall carbon nanotube thin film,” Opt. Lett.32(1), 38–40 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] W. B. Cho, J. H. Yim, S. Y. Choi, S. Lee, U. Griebner, V. Petrov, and F. Rotermund, “Mode-locked self-starting Cr:forsterite laser using a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber,” Opt. Lett.33(21), 2449–2451 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater.19(19), 3077–3083 (2009). [CrossRef]

[7] S. Kivistö, T. Hakulinen, A. Kaskela, B. Aitchison, D. P. Brown, A. G. Nasibulin, E. I. Kauppinen, A. Härkönen, and O. G. Okhotnikov, “Carbon nanotube films for ultrafast broadband technology,” Opt. Express17(4), 2358–2363 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] W. B. Cho, J. H. Yim, S. Y. Choi, S. Lee, A. Schmidt, G. Steinmeyer, U. Griebner, V. Petrov, D.-I. Yeom, K. Kim, and F. Rotermund, “Boosting the nonlinear optical response of carbon nanotube saturable absorbers for broadband mode-locking of bulk lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater.20(12), 1937–1943 (2010). [CrossRef]

[9] Y.-W. Song, S.-Y. Jang, W.-S. Han, and M.-K. Bae, “Graphene mode-lockers for fiber lasers functioned with evanescent field interaction,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(5), 051122 (2010). [CrossRef]

[10] H. Kim, J. Cho, S.-Y. Jang, and Y.-W. Song, “Deformation-immunized optical deposition of graphene for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(2), 021104 (2011). [CrossRef]

[11] S. Stankovich, D. A. Dikin, R. D. Piner, K. A. Kohlhaas, A. Kleinhammes, Y. Jia, Y. Wu, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff, “Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide,” Carbon45(7), 1558–1565 (2007). [CrossRef]

[12] K. Oh, S. Choi, Y. Jung, and J. W. Lee, “Novel hollow optical fibers and their applications in photonic devices for optical communications,” J. Lightwave Technol.23(2), 524–532 (2005). [CrossRef]

[13] S. Y. Choi, F. Rotermund, H. Jung, K. Oh, and D.-I. Yeom, “Femtosecond mode-locked fiber laser employing a hollow optical fiber filled with carbon nanotube dispersion as saturable absorber,” Opt. Express17(24), 21788–21793 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] D. J. H. C. Maas, B. Rudin, A. R. Bellancourt, D. Iwaniuk, S. V. Marchese, T. Südmeyer, and U. Keller, “High precision optical characterization of semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors,” Opt. Express16(10), 7571–7579 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] A. B. Grudinin, D. J. Richardson, and D. N. Payne, “Passive harmonic mode locking of a fiber soliton ring laser, EL 29, 21 (1993).

[16] F. Li, P. K. A. Wai, and J. Nathan Kutz, “Geometrical description of the onset of multi-pulsing in mode-locked laser cavities,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B27(10), 2068–2077 (2010). [CrossRef]

[17] D. Panasenko, P. Polynkin, A. Polynkin, J. V. Moloney, M. Mansuripur, and N. Peyghambarian, “Er-Yb femtosecond ring fiber oscillator with 1.1W average power and GHz repetition rates,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.18(7), 853–855 (2006). [CrossRef]

[18] K. Jiang, S. Fu, P. Shum, and C. Lin, “A Wavelength-Switchable Passively Harmonically Mode-Locked Fiber Laser With Low Pumping Threshold Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.22(11), 754–756 (2010). [CrossRef]

[19] J. N. Kutz, “Mode-locked soliton lasers,” SIAM Rev.48(4), 629–678 (2006). [CrossRef]

[20] A. Komarov, H. Leblond, and F. Sanchez, “Multistability and hysteresis phenomena in passively mode-locked fiber lasers,” Phys. Rev. A71(5), 053809 (2005). [CrossRef]

[21] C. S. Jun, J. H. Im, S. H. Yoo, S. Y. Choi, F. Rotermund, D. I. Yeom, and B. Y. Kim, “Low noise GHz passive harmonic mode-locking of soliton fiber laser using evanescent wave interaction with carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Express19(20), 19775–19780 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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Graphene-filled hollow optical fiber saturable absorber for efficient soliton fiber laser mode-locking