Polarizer-free liquid crystal display with electrically switchable microlens array

doi:10.1364/OE.21.000129

Polarizer-free liquid crystal display with electrically switchable microlens array

You-Jin Lee, Ji-Ho Baek, Youngsik Kim, Jeong Uk Heo, Yeon-Kyu Moon, Jin Seog Gwag, Chang-Jae Yu, and Jae-Hoon Kim »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp. 129-134 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.000129

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Abstract
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Abstract

We propose a polarizer-free liquid crystal display (LCD) with an electrically switchable microlens array. The incident lights are controlled to focused or defocused states by index matching of the lens polymer and LC layer. By adopting two light-blocking masks that have a circular stop pattern and the complementary open pattern, the LCD was able to realize the entire gray scale. Additionally, to achieve fast response time characteristics, we introduce polymerized RMs within the alignment layers.

OCIS Codes
(120.2040) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Displays
(230.3720) Optical devices : Liquid-crystal devices

ToC Category:
Optical Devices

History
Original Manuscript: November 8, 2012
Revised Manuscript: December 10, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: December 11, 2012
Published: January 2, 2013

Citation
You-Jin Lee, Ji-Ho Baek, Youngsik Kim, Jeong Uk Heo, Yeon-Kyu Moon, Jin Seog Gwag, Chang-Jae Yu, and Jae-Hoon Kim, "Polarizer-free liquid crystal display with electrically switchable microlens array," Opt. Express 21, 129-134 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-1-129

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References

M. Schadt and W. Helfrich, “Voltage-dependent optical activity of a twisted nematic liquid crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett.18(4), 127 (1971). [CrossRef]
M. Oh-e and K. Kondo, “Electro-optical characteristics and switching behavior of the in-plane switching mode,” Appl. Phys. Lett.67(26), 3895–3897 (1995). [CrossRef]
S. H. Lee, S. L. Lee, and H. Y. Kim, “Electro-optic characteristics and switching principle of a nematic liquid crystal cell controlled by fringe-field switching,” Appl. Phys. Lett.73(20), 2881–2883 (1998). [CrossRef]
I. H. Yu, I. S. Song, J. Y. Lee, and S. H. Lee, “Intensifying the density of a horizontal electric field to improve light efficiency in a fringe-field switching liquid crystal display,” J. Phys. D39(11), 2367–2372 (2006). [CrossRef]
K. Ohmuro, S. Kataoka, T. Sasaki, and Y. Koike, “Development of super-high-image-quality vertical-alignment-mode LCD,” in Digest of Technical Papers of 1997 Society for Information Display International Symposium (Society for Information Display, 1997), pp. 845–848.
J. W. Doane, N. A. Vaz, B.-G. Wu, and S. Zumer, “Field controlled light scattering from nematic microdroplets,” Appl. Phys. Lett.48(4), 269–271 (1986). [CrossRef]
I. Shiyanovskaya, S. Green, A. Khan, G. Magyar, O. Pishnyak, and J. W. Doane, “Substrate-free cholesteric liquid crystal display,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp.16(1), 113–115 (2008). [CrossRef]
G. H. Heilmeier and L. A. Zanoni, “Guest-host interactions in nematic liquid crystals. A new electro-optic effect,” Appl. Phys. Lett.13(3), 91–93 (1968). [CrossRef]
D. L. White and G. N. Taylor, “New absorptive mode reflective liquid crystal display device,” J. Appl. Phys.45(11), 4718–4723 (1974). [CrossRef]
Y.-H. Lin, H. Ren, S. Gauza, Y.-H. Wu, X. Liang, and S.-T. Wu, “Reflective direct-view displays using a dye-doped dual-frequency liquid crystal gel,” J. Disp. Technol.1(2), 230–233 (2005). [CrossRef]
Y. W. Kim, J. Jeong, S. H. Lee, J.-H. Kim, and C.-J. Yu, “Single polarizer liquid crystal display mode with fast response,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.)543(1), 101–106 (2011). [CrossRef]
G. Zhao and P. Mouroulis, “Diffusion model of hologram formation in dry photopolymer materials,” J. Mod. Opt.41(10), 1929–1939 (1994). [CrossRef]
S. Piazzolla and B. K. Jenkins, “Dynamics during holographic exposure in photopolymers for single and multiplexed gratings,” J. Mod. Opt.46, 2079–2110 (1999).
Y.-J. Lee, Y.-K. Kim, S. I. Jo, J. S. Gwag, C.-J. Yu, and J.-H. Kim, “Surface-controlled patterned vertical alignment mode with reactive mesogen,” Opt. Express17, 10298–10303 (2009).
Y.-J. Lee, C.-J. Yu, Y.-K. Kim, S. I. Jo, and J.-H. Kim, “Direct image of a molecular orientation of liquid crystal using directional polymerization of photoreactive mesogen,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(3), 033106 (2011). [CrossRef]
Y. W. Kim, J. Jeong, S. H. Lee, J.-H. Kim, and C.-J. Yu, “Improvement in switching speed of nematic liquid crystal microlens array with polarization independence,” Appl. Phys. Express3(9), 094102 (2010). [CrossRef]

Doane, J. W.
Gauza, S.
Green, S.
Gwag, J. S.
Heilmeier, G. H.
Helfrich, W.
Jenkins, B. K.
Jeong, J.
Jo, S. I.
Khan, A.
Kim, H. Y.
Kim, J.-H.
Kim, Y. W.
Kim, Y.-K.
Kondo, K.
Lee, J. Y.
Lee, S. H.
Lee, S. L.
Lee, Y.-J.
Liang, X.
Lin, Y.-H.
Magyar, G.
Mouroulis, P.
Oh-e, M.
Piazzolla, S.
Pishnyak, O.
Ren, H.
Schadt, M.
Shiyanovskaya, I.
Song, I. S.
Taylor, G. N.
Vaz, N. A.
White, D. L.
Wu, B.-G.
Wu, S.-T.
Wu, Y.-H.
Yu, C.-J.
Yu, I. H.
Zanoni, L. A.
Zhao, G.
Zumer, S.

Appl. Phys. Express

Y. W. Kim, J. Jeong, S. H. Lee, J.-H. Kim, and C.-J. Yu, “Improvement in switching speed of nematic liquid crystal microlens array with polarization independence,” Appl. Phys. Express3(9), 094102 (2010). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Y.-J. Lee, C.-J. Yu, Y.-K. Kim, S. I. Jo, and J.-H. Kim, “Direct image of a molecular orientation of liquid crystal using directional polymerization of photoreactive mesogen,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(3), 033106 (2011). [CrossRef]
J. W. Doane, N. A. Vaz, B.-G. Wu, and S. Zumer, “Field controlled light scattering from nematic microdroplets,” Appl. Phys. Lett.48(4), 269–271 (1986). [CrossRef]
M. Schadt and W. Helfrich, “Voltage-dependent optical activity of a twisted nematic liquid crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett.18(4), 127 (1971). [CrossRef]
M. Oh-e and K. Kondo, “Electro-optical characteristics and switching behavior of the in-plane switching mode,” Appl. Phys. Lett.67(26), 3895–3897 (1995). [CrossRef]
S. H. Lee, S. L. Lee, and H. Y. Kim, “Electro-optic characteristics and switching principle of a nematic liquid crystal cell controlled by fringe-field switching,” Appl. Phys. Lett.73(20), 2881–2883 (1998). [CrossRef]
G. H. Heilmeier and L. A. Zanoni, “Guest-host interactions in nematic liquid crystals. A new electro-optic effect,” Appl. Phys. Lett.13(3), 91–93 (1968). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

D. L. White and G. N. Taylor, “New absorptive mode reflective liquid crystal display device,” J. Appl. Phys.45(11), 4718–4723 (1974). [CrossRef]

J. Disp. Technol.

Y.-H. Lin, H. Ren, S. Gauza, Y.-H. Wu, X. Liang, and S.-T. Wu, “Reflective direct-view displays using a dye-doped dual-frequency liquid crystal gel,” J. Disp. Technol.1(2), 230–233 (2005). [CrossRef]

J. Mod. Opt.

G. Zhao and P. Mouroulis, “Diffusion model of hologram formation in dry photopolymer materials,” J. Mod. Opt.41(10), 1929–1939 (1994). [CrossRef]
S. Piazzolla and B. K. Jenkins, “Dynamics during holographic exposure in photopolymers for single and multiplexed gratings,” J. Mod. Opt.46, 2079–2110 (1999).

J. Phys. D

I. H. Yu, I. S. Song, J. Y. Lee, and S. H. Lee, “Intensifying the density of a horizontal electric field to improve light efficiency in a fringe-field switching liquid crystal display,” J. Phys. D39(11), 2367–2372 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Soc. Inf. Disp.

I. Shiyanovskaya, S. Green, A. Khan, G. Magyar, O. Pishnyak, and J. W. Doane, “Substrate-free cholesteric liquid crystal display,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp.16(1), 113–115 (2008). [CrossRef]

Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.)

Y. W. Kim, J. Jeong, S. H. Lee, J.-H. Kim, and C.-J. Yu, “Single polarizer liquid crystal display mode with fast response,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.)543(1), 101–106 (2011). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

Y.-J. Lee, Y.-K. Kim, S. I. Jo, J. S. Gwag, C.-J. Yu, and J.-H. Kim, “Surface-controlled patterned vertical alignment mode with reactive mesogen,” Opt. Express17, 10298–10303 (2009).

Other

K. Ohmuro, S. Kataoka, T. Sasaki, and Y. Koike, “Development of super-high-image-quality vertical-alignment-mode LCD,” in Digest of Technical Papers of 1997 Society for Information Display International Symposium (Society for Information Display, 1997), pp. 845–848.

2011, Kim, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.)
2011, Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2010, Kim, Appl. Phys. Express
2009, Lee, Opt. Express
2008, Shiyanovskaya, J. Soc. Inf. Disp.
2006, Yu, J. Phys. D
2005, Lin, J. Disp. Technol.
1999, Piazzolla, J. Mod. Opt.
1998, Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett.
1995, Oh-e, Appl. Phys. Lett.
1994, Zhao, J. Mod. Opt.
1986, Doane, Appl. Phys. Lett.
1974, White, J. Appl. Phys.
1971, Schadt, Appl. Phys. Lett.
1968, Heilmeier, Appl. Phys. Lett.

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