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Frequency dependent detection in a STED microscope using modulated excitation lightEmiliano Ronzitti, Benjamin Harke, and Alberto Diaspro »View Author Affiliations
Emiliano Ronzitti,1,3,4
Benjamin Harke,1,4,*
and Alberto Diaspro1,2
1Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy 2Department of Physics, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy 3Currently with the Wavefront Engineering Group, Laboratory of Neurophysiology and New Microscopies, (INSERM, CNRS), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France 4These authors contributed equally to this work *Corresponding author: Benjamin.harke@iit.it |
Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp. 210-219 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.000210
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Abstract
We present a novel concept adaptable to any kind of STED microscope in order to expand the limited number of compatible dyes for performing super resolution imaging. The approach is based on an intensity modulated excitation beam in combination with a frequency dependent detection in the form of a standard lock-in amplifier. This enables to unmix fluorescence signal originated by the excitation beam from the fluorescence caused by the STED beam. The benefit of this concept is demonstrated by imaging biological samples as well as fluorescent spheres, whose spectrum does not allow STED imaging in the conventional way. Our concept is suitable with CW or pulsed STED microscope and can thereby be seen as a general improvement adaptable to any existing setup.
© 2013 OSA
OCIS Codes
(180.0180) Microscopy : Microscopy
(180.1790) Microscopy : Confocal microscopy
ToC Category:
Microscopy
History
Original Manuscript: November 12, 2012
Revised Manuscript: December 20, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: December 21, 2012
Published: January 3, 2013
Virtual Issues
Vol. 8, Iss. 2 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Emiliano Ronzitti, Benjamin Harke, and Alberto Diaspro, "Frequency dependent detection in a STED microscope using modulated excitation light," Opt. Express 21, 210-219 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-1-210
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References
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- P. Bianchini, B. Harke, S. Galiani, G. Vicidomini, and A. Diaspro, “Single-wavelength two-photon excitation-stimulated emission depletion (SW2PE-STED) superresolution imaging,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.109(17), 6390–6393 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Bianchini, B. Harke, S. Galiani, G. Vicidomini, and A. Diaspro, “Single-wavelength two-photon excitation-stimulated emission depletion (SW2PE-STED) superresolution imaging,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.109(17), 6390–6393 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- B. Harke, J. Keller, C. K. Ullal, V. Westphal, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Resolution scaling in STED microscopy,” Opt. Express16(6), 4154–4162 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Harke, J. Varghese Chacko, C. Canale, H. Haschke, and A. Diaspro, “A novel nanoscopic tool by combining AFM with STED microscopy,” Optical Nanoscopy 1, (2012).
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Leutenegger, C. Ringemann, T. Lasser, S. W. Hell, and C. Eggeling, “Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with a total internal reflection fluorescence STED microscope (TIRF-STED-FCS),” Opt. Express20(5), 5243–5263 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Vicidomini, G. Moneron, C. Eggeling, E. Rittweger, and S. W. Hell, “STED with wavelengths closer to the emission maximum,” Opt. Express20(5), 5225–5236 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. A. Wurm, D. Neumann, M. A. Lauterbach, B. Harke, A. Egner, S. W. Hell, and S. Jakobs, “Nanoscale distribution of mitochondrial import receptor Tom20 is adjusted to cellular conditions and exhibits an inner-cellular gradient,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(33), 13546–13551 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Staudt, A. Engler, E. Rittweger, B. Harke, J. Engelhardt, and S. W. Hell, “Far-field optical nanoscopy with reduced number of state transition cycles,” Opt. Express19(6), 5644–5657 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Kasper, B. Harke, C. Forthmann, P. Tinnefeld, S. W. Hell, and M. Sauer, “Single-Molecule STED Microscopy with Photostable Organic Fluorophores,” Small 6, 1379–1384 (2010).
- G. Moneron and S. W. Hell, “Two-photon excitation STED microscopy,” Opt. Express17(17), 14567–14573 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Hell, “Microscopy and its focal switch,” Nat. Methods6(1), 24–32 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Harke, J. Keller, C. K. Ullal, V. Westphal, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Resolution scaling in STED microscopy,” Opt. Express16(6), 4154–4162 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Westphal, S. O. Rizzoli, M. A. Lauterbach, D. Kamin, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “Video-rate far-field optical nanoscopy dissects synaptic vesicle movement,” Science320(5873), 246–249 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Wildanger, E. Rittweger, L. Kastrup, and S. W. Hell, “STED microscopy with a supercontinuum laser source,” Opt. Express16(13), 9614–9621 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Schmidt, C. A. Wurm, S. Jakobs, J. Engelhardt, A. Egner, and S. W. Hell, “Spherical nanosized focal spot unravels the interior of cells,” Nat. Methods5(6), 539–544 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Keller, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Efficient fluorescence inhibition patterns for RESOLFT microscopy,” Opt. Express15(6), 3361–3371 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Willig, S. O. Rizzoli, V. Westphal, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “STED microscopy reveals that synaptotagmin remains clustered after synaptic vesicle exocytosis,” Nature440(7086), 935–939 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Westphal and S. W. Hell, “Nanoscale resolution in the focal plane of an optical microscope,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94(14), 143903 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Hell, “Toward fluorescence nanoscopy,” Nat. Biotechnol.21(11), 1347–1355 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Hell and J. Wichmann, “Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy,” Opt. Lett.19(11), 780–782 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Westphal, S. O. Rizzoli, M. A. Lauterbach, D. Kamin, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “Video-rate far-field optical nanoscopy dissects synaptic vesicle movement,” Science320(5873), 246–249 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Willig, S. O. Rizzoli, V. Westphal, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “STED microscopy reveals that synaptotagmin remains clustered after synaptic vesicle exocytosis,” Nature440(7086), 935–939 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. A. Wurm, D. Neumann, M. A. Lauterbach, B. Harke, A. Egner, S. W. Hell, and S. Jakobs, “Nanoscale distribution of mitochondrial import receptor Tom20 is adjusted to cellular conditions and exhibits an inner-cellular gradient,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(33), 13546–13551 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Schmidt, C. A. Wurm, S. Jakobs, J. Engelhardt, A. Egner, and S. W. Hell, “Spherical nanosized focal spot unravels the interior of cells,” Nat. Methods5(6), 539–544 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Westphal, S. O. Rizzoli, M. A. Lauterbach, D. Kamin, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “Video-rate far-field optical nanoscopy dissects synaptic vesicle movement,” Science320(5873), 246–249 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Kasper, B. Harke, C. Forthmann, P. Tinnefeld, S. W. Hell, and M. Sauer, “Single-Molecule STED Microscopy with Photostable Organic Fluorophores,” Small 6, 1379–1384 (2010).
- B. Harke, J. Keller, C. K. Ullal, V. Westphal, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Resolution scaling in STED microscopy,” Opt. Express16(6), 4154–4162 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Keller, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Efficient fluorescence inhibition patterns for RESOLFT microscopy,” Opt. Express15(6), 3361–3371 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Lauterbach, “Finding, defining and breaking the diffraction barrier in microscopy - a historical perspective,” Optical Nanoscopy1(1), 8 (2012). [CrossRef]
- C. A. Wurm, D. Neumann, M. A. Lauterbach, B. Harke, A. Egner, S. W. Hell, and S. Jakobs, “Nanoscale distribution of mitochondrial import receptor Tom20 is adjusted to cellular conditions and exhibits an inner-cellular gradient,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(33), 13546–13551 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Westphal, S. O. Rizzoli, M. A. Lauterbach, D. Kamin, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “Video-rate far-field optical nanoscopy dissects synaptic vesicle movement,” Science320(5873), 246–249 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Vicidomini, G. Moneron, C. Eggeling, E. Rittweger, and S. W. Hell, “STED with wavelengths closer to the emission maximum,” Opt. Express20(5), 5225–5236 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Moneron and S. W. Hell, “Two-photon excitation STED microscopy,” Opt. Express17(17), 14567–14573 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. A. Wurm, D. Neumann, M. A. Lauterbach, B. Harke, A. Egner, S. W. Hell, and S. Jakobs, “Nanoscale distribution of mitochondrial import receptor Tom20 is adjusted to cellular conditions and exhibits an inner-cellular gradient,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(33), 13546–13551 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Leutenegger, C. Ringemann, T. Lasser, S. W. Hell, and C. Eggeling, “Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with a total internal reflection fluorescence STED microscope (TIRF-STED-FCS),” Opt. Express20(5), 5243–5263 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Vicidomini, G. Moneron, C. Eggeling, E. Rittweger, and S. W. Hell, “STED with wavelengths closer to the emission maximum,” Opt. Express20(5), 5225–5236 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Staudt, A. Engler, E. Rittweger, B. Harke, J. Engelhardt, and S. W. Hell, “Far-field optical nanoscopy with reduced number of state transition cycles,” Opt. Express19(6), 5644–5657 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Wildanger, E. Rittweger, L. Kastrup, and S. W. Hell, “STED microscopy with a supercontinuum laser source,” Opt. Express16(13), 9614–9621 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Westphal, S. O. Rizzoli, M. A. Lauterbach, D. Kamin, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “Video-rate far-field optical nanoscopy dissects synaptic vesicle movement,” Science320(5873), 246–249 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Willig, S. O. Rizzoli, V. Westphal, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “STED microscopy reveals that synaptotagmin remains clustered after synaptic vesicle exocytosis,” Nature440(7086), 935–939 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Ding, K. T. Takasaki, and B. L. Sabatini, “Supraresolution imaging in brain slices using stimulated-emission depletion two-photon laser scanning microscopy,” Neuron63(4), 429–437 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Kasper, B. Harke, C. Forthmann, P. Tinnefeld, S. W. Hell, and M. Sauer, “Single-Molecule STED Microscopy with Photostable Organic Fluorophores,” Small 6, 1379–1384 (2010).
- R. Schmidt, C. A. Wurm, S. Jakobs, J. Engelhardt, A. Egner, and S. W. Hell, “Spherical nanosized focal spot unravels the interior of cells,” Nat. Methods5(6), 539–544 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Harke, J. Keller, C. K. Ullal, V. Westphal, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Resolution scaling in STED microscopy,” Opt. Express16(6), 4154–4162 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Keller, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Efficient fluorescence inhibition patterns for RESOLFT microscopy,” Opt. Express15(6), 3361–3371 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Ding, K. T. Takasaki, and B. L. Sabatini, “Supraresolution imaging in brain slices using stimulated-emission depletion two-photon laser scanning microscopy,” Neuron63(4), 429–437 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Kasper, B. Harke, C. Forthmann, P. Tinnefeld, S. W. Hell, and M. Sauer, “Single-Molecule STED Microscopy with Photostable Organic Fluorophores,” Small 6, 1379–1384 (2010).
- B. Harke, J. Varghese Chacko, C. Canale, H. Haschke, and A. Diaspro, “A novel nanoscopic tool by combining AFM with STED microscopy,” Optical Nanoscopy 1, (2012).
- P. Bianchini, B. Harke, S. Galiani, G. Vicidomini, and A. Diaspro, “Single-wavelength two-photon excitation-stimulated emission depletion (SW2PE-STED) superresolution imaging,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.109(17), 6390–6393 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Galiani, B. Harke, G. Vicidomini, G. Lignani, F. Benfenati, A. Diaspro, and P. Bianchini, “Strategies to maximize the performance of a STED microscope,” Opt. Express20(7), 7362–7374 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Vicidomini, G. Moneron, C. Eggeling, E. Rittweger, and S. W. Hell, “STED with wavelengths closer to the emission maximum,” Opt. Express20(5), 5225–5236 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Harke, J. Keller, C. K. Ullal, V. Westphal, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Resolution scaling in STED microscopy,” Opt. Express16(6), 4154–4162 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Westphal, S. O. Rizzoli, M. A. Lauterbach, D. Kamin, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “Video-rate far-field optical nanoscopy dissects synaptic vesicle movement,” Science320(5873), 246–249 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Willig, S. O. Rizzoli, V. Westphal, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “STED microscopy reveals that synaptotagmin remains clustered after synaptic vesicle exocytosis,” Nature440(7086), 935–939 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Westphal and S. W. Hell, “Nanoscale resolution in the focal plane of an optical microscope,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94(14), 143903 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Willig, S. O. Rizzoli, V. Westphal, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “STED microscopy reveals that synaptotagmin remains clustered after synaptic vesicle exocytosis,” Nature440(7086), 935–939 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. A. Wurm, D. Neumann, M. A. Lauterbach, B. Harke, A. Egner, S. W. Hell, and S. Jakobs, “Nanoscale distribution of mitochondrial import receptor Tom20 is adjusted to cellular conditions and exhibits an inner-cellular gradient,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(33), 13546–13551 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Schmidt, C. A. Wurm, S. Jakobs, J. Engelhardt, A. Egner, and S. W. Hell, “Spherical nanosized focal spot unravels the interior of cells,” Nat. Methods5(6), 539–544 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Archiv Für Mikroskopische Anatomie
- E. Abbe, “Beiträge zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung,” Archiv Für Mikroskopische Anatomie9(1), 413–418 (1873). [CrossRef]
Nat. Biotechnol.
- S. W. Hell, “Toward fluorescence nanoscopy,” Nat. Biotechnol.21(11), 1347–1355 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Methods
- S. W. Hell, “Microscopy and its focal switch,” Nat. Methods6(1), 24–32 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Schmidt, C. A. Wurm, S. Jakobs, J. Engelhardt, A. Egner, and S. W. Hell, “Spherical nanosized focal spot unravels the interior of cells,” Nat. Methods5(6), 539–544 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nature
- K. I. Willig, S. O. Rizzoli, V. Westphal, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “STED microscopy reveals that synaptotagmin remains clustered after synaptic vesicle exocytosis,” Nature440(7086), 935–939 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Neuron
- J. B. Ding, K. T. Takasaki, and B. L. Sabatini, “Supraresolution imaging in brain slices using stimulated-emission depletion two-photon laser scanning microscopy,” Neuron63(4), 429–437 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- G. Moneron and S. W. Hell, “Two-photon excitation STED microscopy,” Opt. Express17(17), 14567–14573 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Gould, J. R. Myers, and J. Bewersdorf, “Total internal reflection STED microscopy,” Opt. Express19(14), 13351–13357 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Leutenegger, C. Ringemann, T. Lasser, S. W. Hell, and C. Eggeling, “Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with a total internal reflection fluorescence STED microscope (TIRF-STED-FCS),” Opt. Express20(5), 5243–5263 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Keller, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Efficient fluorescence inhibition patterns for RESOLFT microscopy,” Opt. Express15(6), 3361–3371 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Harke, J. Keller, C. K. Ullal, V. Westphal, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Resolution scaling in STED microscopy,” Opt. Express16(6), 4154–4162 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Staudt, A. Engler, E. Rittweger, B. Harke, J. Engelhardt, and S. W. Hell, “Far-field optical nanoscopy with reduced number of state transition cycles,” Opt. Express19(6), 5644–5657 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Chen, C. H. Wong, and C. J. Sheppard, “Focal modulation microscopy,” Opt. Express16(23), 18764–18769 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Vicidomini, G. Moneron, C. Eggeling, E. Rittweger, and S. W. Hell, “STED with wavelengths closer to the emission maximum,” Opt. Express20(5), 5225–5236 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Galiani, B. Harke, G. Vicidomini, G. Lignani, F. Benfenati, A. Diaspro, and P. Bianchini, “Strategies to maximize the performance of a STED microscope,” Opt. Express20(7), 7362–7374 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Wildanger, E. Rittweger, L. Kastrup, and S. W. Hell, “STED microscopy with a supercontinuum laser source,” Opt. Express16(13), 9614–9621 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- S. W. Hell and J. Wichmann, “Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy,” Opt. Lett.19(11), 780–782 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Auksorius, B. R. Boruah, C. Dunsby, P. M. P. Lanigan, G. Kennedy, M. A. A. Neil, and P. M. W. French, “Stimulated emission depletion microscopy with a supercontinuum source and fluorescence lifetime imaging,” Opt. Lett.33(2), 113–115 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Optical Nanoscopy
- M. A. Lauterbach, “Finding, defining and breaking the diffraction barrier in microscopy - a historical perspective,” Optical Nanoscopy1(1), 8 (2012). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- V. Westphal and S. W. Hell, “Nanoscale resolution in the focal plane of an optical microscope,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94(14), 143903 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
- P. Bianchini, B. Harke, S. Galiani, G. Vicidomini, and A. Diaspro, “Single-wavelength two-photon excitation-stimulated emission depletion (SW2PE-STED) superresolution imaging,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.109(17), 6390–6393 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. A. Wurm, D. Neumann, M. A. Lauterbach, B. Harke, A. Egner, S. W. Hell, and S. Jakobs, “Nanoscale distribution of mitochondrial import receptor Tom20 is adjusted to cellular conditions and exhibits an inner-cellular gradient,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(33), 13546–13551 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- V. Westphal, S. O. Rizzoli, M. A. Lauterbach, D. Kamin, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “Video-rate far-field optical nanoscopy dissects synaptic vesicle movement,” Science320(5873), 246–249 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
- B. Harke, “3D STED microscopy with pulsed and continuous wave lasers,” Niedersächsische Staats-und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen (2008).
- R. Kasper, B. Harke, C. Forthmann, P. Tinnefeld, S. W. Hell, and M. Sauer, “Single-Molecule STED Microscopy with Photostable Organic Fluorophores,” Small 6, 1379–1384 (2010).
- B. Harke, J. Varghese Chacko, C. Canale, H. Haschke, and A. Diaspro, “A novel nanoscopic tool by combining AFM with STED microscopy,” Optical Nanoscopy 1, (2012).
2012, Lauterbach, Optical Nanoscopy
- M. A. Lauterbach, “Finding, defining and breaking the diffraction barrier in microscopy - a historical perspective,” Optical Nanoscopy1(1), 8 (2012). [CrossRef]
- P. Bianchini, B. Harke, S. Galiani, G. Vicidomini, and A. Diaspro, “Single-wavelength two-photon excitation-stimulated emission depletion (SW2PE-STED) superresolution imaging,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.109(17), 6390–6393 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Harke, J. Varghese Chacko, C. Canale, H. Haschke, and A. Diaspro, “A novel nanoscopic tool by combining AFM with STED microscopy,” Optical Nanoscopy 1, (2012).
- C. A. Wurm, D. Neumann, M. A. Lauterbach, B. Harke, A. Egner, S. W. Hell, and S. Jakobs, “Nanoscale distribution of mitochondrial import receptor Tom20 is adjusted to cellular conditions and exhibits an inner-cellular gradient,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(33), 13546–13551 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Kasper, B. Harke, C. Forthmann, P. Tinnefeld, S. W. Hell, and M. Sauer, “Single-Molecule STED Microscopy with Photostable Organic Fluorophores,” Small 6, 1379–1384 (2010).
- J. B. Ding, K. T. Takasaki, and B. L. Sabatini, “Supraresolution imaging in brain slices using stimulated-emission depletion two-photon laser scanning microscopy,” Neuron63(4), 429–437 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Eggeling, C. Ringemann, R. Medda, G. Schwarzmann, K. Sandhoff, S. Polyakova, V. N. Belov, B. Hein, C. von Middendorff, A. Schönle, and S. W. Hell, “Direct observation of the nanoscale dynamics of membrane lipids in a living cell,” Nature457(7233), 1159–1162 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Hell, “Microscopy and its focal switch,” Nat. Methods6(1), 24–32 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Westphal, S. O. Rizzoli, M. A. Lauterbach, D. Kamin, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “Video-rate far-field optical nanoscopy dissects synaptic vesicle movement,” Science320(5873), 246–249 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Schmidt, C. A. Wurm, S. Jakobs, J. Engelhardt, A. Egner, and S. W. Hell, “Spherical nanosized focal spot unravels the interior of cells,” Nat. Methods5(6), 539–544 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. I. Willig, S. O. Rizzoli, V. Westphal, R. Jahn, and S. W. Hell, “STED microscopy reveals that synaptotagmin remains clustered after synaptic vesicle exocytosis,” Nature440(7086), 935–939 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Westphal and S. W. Hell, “Nanoscale resolution in the focal plane of an optical microscope,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94(14), 143903 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Hell, “Toward fluorescence nanoscopy,” Nat. Biotechnol.21(11), 1347–1355 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Abbe, “Beiträge zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung,” Archiv Für Mikroskopische Anatomie9(1), 413–418 (1873). [CrossRef]
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