Optics InfoBase > Optics Express > Volume 21 > Issue 2 > Page 2024
|
|
Bending effects on lasing action of semiconductor nanowiresWeisong Yang, Yaoguang Ma, Yipei Wang, Chao Meng, Xiaoqin Wu, Yu Ye, Lun Dai, Limin Tong, Xu Liu, and Qing Yang »View Author Affiliations
Weisong Yang,1
Yaoguang Ma,2
Yipei Wang,1
Chao Meng,1
Xiaoqin Wu,1
Yu Ye,2
Lun Dai,2
Limin Tong,1
Xu Liu,1
and Qing Yang1,*
1State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China 2State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China *Corresponding author: qingyang@zju.edu.cn |
Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 2, pp. 2024-2031 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.002024
View Full Text Article
Enhanced HTML
Acrobat PDF (1217 KB)
Abstract
High flexibility has been one of advantages for one-dimensional semiconductor nanowires (NWs) in wide application of nanoscale integrated circuits. We investigate the bending effects on lasing action of CdSe NWs. Threshold increases and differential efficiency decreases gradually when we decrease the bending radius step by step. Red shift and mode reduction in the output spectra are also observed. The bending loss of laser oscillation is considerably larger than that of photoluminescence (PL), and both show the exponential relationship with the bending radius. Diameter and mode dependent bending losses are investigated. Furthermore, the polarizations of output can be modulated linearly by bending the NWs into different angles continuously.
© 2013 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.5960) Lasers and laser optics : Semiconductor lasers
(260.5430) Physical optics : Polarization
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: September 26, 2012
Revised Manuscript: November 16, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: January 9, 2013
Published: January 18, 2013
Citation
Weisong Yang, Yaoguang Ma, Yipei Wang, Chao Meng, Xiaoqin Wu, Yu Ye, Lun Dai, Limin Tong, Xu Liu, and Qing Yang, "Bending effects on lasing action of semiconductor nanowires," Opt. Express 21, 2024-2031 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-2-2024
Sort: Author | Year | Journal | Reset
References
- H. Altug, D. Englund, and J. Vučković, “Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser,” Nature2, 484–488 (2006).
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Kim, A. Shinya, K. Nozaki, H. Taniyama, C.-H. Chen, T. Sato, S. Matsuo, and M. Notomi, “Narrow linewidth operation of buried-heterostructure photonic crystal nanolaser,” Opt. Express20(11), 11643–11651 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Gourley, J. K. Hendricks, A. E. McDonald, R. G. Copeland, K. E. Barrett, C. R. Gourley, and R. K. Naviaux, “Ultrafast nanolaser flow device for detecting cancer in single cells,” Biomed. Microdevices7(4), 331–339 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. J. Barrelet, A. B. Greytak, and C. M. Lieber, “Nanowires photonic circuits elements,” Nano Lett.4(10), 1981–1985 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. X. Yan, D. Gargas, and P. D. Yang, “Nanowire photonics,” Nat. Photonics3(10), 569–576 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. F. Duan, Y. Huang, R. Agarwal, and C. M. Lieber, “Single-nanowire electrically driven lasers,” Nature421(6920), 241–245 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Gradecak, F. Qian, Y. Li, H. G. Park, and C. M. Lieber, “GaN nanowire lasers with low lasing thresholds,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(17), 173111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Zimmler, J. M. Bao, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Laser action in nanowires observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. He and C. M. Lilley, “Surface effect on the elastic behavior of static bending nanowires,” Nano Lett.8(7), 1798–1802 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y. G. Wei, R. Yang, and Z. L. Wang, “Self-powered nanowire devices,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(5), 366–373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. A. J. Marcatili, “Bends in optical dielectric guides,” Bell Syst. Tech. J.48, 2103–2132 (1969).
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, J. Fu, M. Qiu, Y. H. Li, F. X. Gu, and L. M. Tong, “Modeling bending losses of optical nanofibers or nanowires,” Appl. Opt.48(22), 4365–4369 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. A. Vlasov and S. J. McNab, “Losses in single-mode silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides and bends,” Opt. Express12(8), 1622–1631 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. Khorasaninejad and S. S. Saini, “Bend waveguides on silicon nanowire optical waveguides (SNOW),” IEEE Photon. J.3(4), 696–702 (2011). [CrossRef]
- B. Yan, R. Chen, W. W. Zhou, J. X. Zhang, H. D. Sun, H. Gong, and T. Yu, “Localized suppression of longitudinal-optical-phonon-exciton coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Nanotechnology21(44), 445706 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Wei, K. Zheng, Y. Ji, Y. F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and X. D. Han, “Size-dependent bandgap modulation of ZnO nanowires by tensile strain,” Nano Lett.12(9), 4595–4599 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Pauzauskie, D. J. Sirbuly, and P. D. Yang, “Semiconductor nanowire ring resonator laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(14), 143903 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. S. Jiang, L. M. Tong, G. Vienne, X. Guo, A. Tsao, Q. Yang, and D. R. Yang, “Demonstration of optical microfiber knot resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(22), 223501 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Maikap, M. H. Liao, F. Yuan, M. H. Lee, C.-F. Huang, S. T. Chang, and C. W. Liu, “Package-strain-enhanced device and circuit performance,” IEDM. Tech. Dig., 233–236 (2004).
- W. Demtrӧder, Laser Spectroscopy (Springer, 2003).
- C. Ma, Y. Ding, D. Moore, X. D. Wang, and Z. L. Wang, “Single-crystal CdSe nanosaws,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.126(3), 708–709 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. E. Siegman, Lasers (University Science Books, Sausalito, CA, 1986).
- M. A. Zimmler, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Optically pumped nanowire lasers: invited review,” Semicond. Sci. Technol.25(2), 024001 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Lipson, “Guiding, modulating, and emitting light on silicon-challenges and opportunities,” J. Lightwave Technol.23(12), 4222–4238 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. A. Ibrahim, W. Cao, Y. Kim, J. Li, J. Goldhar, P.-T. Ho, and C. H. Lee, “All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 36–38 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, L. J. Lauhon, K. H. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, “Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks,” Science294(5545), 1313–1317 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Maslov and C. Z. Ning, “Reflection of guided modes in a semiconductor nanowire laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(6), 1237–1239 (2003). [CrossRef]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. C. Johnson, H. Q. Yan, P. D. Yang, and R. J. Saykally, “Optical cavity effects in ZnO nanowire lasers and waveguides,” J. Phys. Chem. B107(34), 8816–8828 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. S. Wang, Z. F. Hu, H. K. Yu, W. Fang, M. Qiu, and L. M. Tong, “Endface reflectivities of optical nanowires,” Opt. Express17(13), 10881–10886 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, J. Y. Lou, R. R. Gattass, S. L. He, X. W. Chen, L. Liu, and E. Mazur, “Assembly of silica nanowires on silica aerogels for microphotonic devices,” Nano Lett.5(2), 259–262 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. F. Duan, Y. Huang, R. Agarwal, and C. M. Lieber, “Single-nanowire electrically driven lasers,” Nature421(6920), 241–245 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Altug, D. Englund, and J. Vučković, “Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser,” Nature2, 484–488 (2006).
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Zimmler, J. M. Bao, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Laser action in nanowires observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. J. Barrelet, A. B. Greytak, and C. M. Lieber, “Nanowires photonic circuits elements,” Nano Lett.4(10), 1981–1985 (2004). [CrossRef]
- P. L. Gourley, J. K. Hendricks, A. E. McDonald, R. G. Copeland, K. E. Barrett, C. R. Gourley, and R. K. Naviaux, “Ultrafast nanolaser flow device for detecting cancer in single cells,” Biomed. Microdevices7(4), 331–339 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. A. Ibrahim, W. Cao, Y. Kim, J. Li, J. Goldhar, P.-T. Ho, and C. H. Lee, “All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 36–38 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Zimmler, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Optically pumped nanowire lasers: invited review,” Semicond. Sci. Technol.25(2), 024001 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Zimmler, J. M. Bao, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Laser action in nanowires observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Maikap, M. H. Liao, F. Yuan, M. H. Lee, C.-F. Huang, S. T. Chang, and C. W. Liu, “Package-strain-enhanced device and circuit performance,” IEDM. Tech. Dig., 233–236 (2004).
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Yan, R. Chen, W. W. Zhou, J. X. Zhang, H. D. Sun, H. Gong, and T. Yu, “Localized suppression of longitudinal-optical-phonon-exciton coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Nanotechnology21(44), 445706 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, J. Y. Lou, R. R. Gattass, S. L. He, X. W. Chen, L. Liu, and E. Mazur, “Assembly of silica nanowires on silica aerogels for microphotonic devices,” Nano Lett.5(2), 259–262 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Gourley, J. K. Hendricks, A. E. McDonald, R. G. Copeland, K. E. Barrett, C. R. Gourley, and R. K. Naviaux, “Ultrafast nanolaser flow device for detecting cancer in single cells,” Biomed. Microdevices7(4), 331–339 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, L. J. Lauhon, K. H. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, “Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks,” Science294(5545), 1313–1317 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- C. Ma, Y. Ding, D. Moore, X. D. Wang, and Z. L. Wang, “Single-crystal CdSe nanosaws,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.126(3), 708–709 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, L. J. Lauhon, K. H. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, “Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks,” Science294(5545), 1313–1317 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. F. Duan, Y. Huang, R. Agarwal, and C. M. Lieber, “Single-nanowire electrically driven lasers,” Nature421(6920), 241–245 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Altug, D. Englund, and J. Vučković, “Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser,” Nature2, 484–488 (2006).
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. X. Yan, D. Gargas, and P. D. Yang, “Nanowire photonics,” Nat. Photonics3(10), 569–576 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Tong, J. Y. Lou, R. R. Gattass, S. L. He, X. W. Chen, L. Liu, and E. Mazur, “Assembly of silica nanowires on silica aerogels for microphotonic devices,” Nano Lett.5(2), 259–262 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. A. Ibrahim, W. Cao, Y. Kim, J. Li, J. Goldhar, P.-T. Ho, and C. H. Lee, “All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 36–38 (2003). [CrossRef]
- B. Yan, R. Chen, W. W. Zhou, J. X. Zhang, H. D. Sun, H. Gong, and T. Yu, “Localized suppression of longitudinal-optical-phonon-exciton coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Nanotechnology21(44), 445706 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Gourley, J. K. Hendricks, A. E. McDonald, R. G. Copeland, K. E. Barrett, C. R. Gourley, and R. K. Naviaux, “Ultrafast nanolaser flow device for detecting cancer in single cells,” Biomed. Microdevices7(4), 331–339 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Gourley, J. K. Hendricks, A. E. McDonald, R. G. Copeland, K. E. Barrett, C. R. Gourley, and R. K. Naviaux, “Ultrafast nanolaser flow device for detecting cancer in single cells,” Biomed. Microdevices7(4), 331–339 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Gradecak, F. Qian, Y. Li, H. G. Park, and C. M. Lieber, “GaN nanowire lasers with low lasing thresholds,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(17), 173111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. J. Barrelet, A. B. Greytak, and C. M. Lieber, “Nanowires photonic circuits elements,” Nano Lett.4(10), 1981–1985 (2004). [CrossRef]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, J. Fu, M. Qiu, Y. H. Li, F. X. Gu, and L. M. Tong, “Modeling bending losses of optical nanofibers or nanowires,” Appl. Opt.48(22), 4365–4369 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. S. Jiang, L. M. Tong, G. Vienne, X. Guo, A. Tsao, Q. Yang, and D. R. Yang, “Demonstration of optical microfiber knot resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(22), 223501 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- B. Wei, K. Zheng, Y. Ji, Y. F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and X. D. Han, “Size-dependent bandgap modulation of ZnO nanowires by tensile strain,” Nano Lett.12(9), 4595–4599 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. He and C. M. Lilley, “Surface effect on the elastic behavior of static bending nanowires,” Nano Lett.8(7), 1798–1802 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, J. Y. Lou, R. R. Gattass, S. L. He, X. W. Chen, L. Liu, and E. Mazur, “Assembly of silica nanowires on silica aerogels for microphotonic devices,” Nano Lett.5(2), 259–262 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Gourley, J. K. Hendricks, A. E. McDonald, R. G. Copeland, K. E. Barrett, C. R. Gourley, and R. K. Naviaux, “Ultrafast nanolaser flow device for detecting cancer in single cells,” Biomed. Microdevices7(4), 331–339 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. A. Ibrahim, W. Cao, Y. Kim, J. Li, J. Goldhar, P.-T. Ho, and C. H. Lee, “All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 36–38 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Maikap, M. H. Liao, F. Yuan, M. H. Lee, C.-F. Huang, S. T. Chang, and C. W. Liu, “Package-strain-enhanced device and circuit performance,” IEDM. Tech. Dig., 233–236 (2004).
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. F. Duan, Y. Huang, R. Agarwal, and C. M. Lieber, “Single-nanowire electrically driven lasers,” Nature421(6920), 241–245 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, L. J. Lauhon, K. H. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, “Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks,” Science294(5545), 1313–1317 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. A. Ibrahim, W. Cao, Y. Kim, J. Li, J. Goldhar, P.-T. Ho, and C. H. Lee, “All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 36–38 (2003). [CrossRef]
- B. Wei, K. Zheng, Y. Ji, Y. F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and X. D. Han, “Size-dependent bandgap modulation of ZnO nanowires by tensile strain,” Nano Lett.12(9), 4595–4599 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. S. Jiang, L. M. Tong, G. Vienne, X. Guo, A. Tsao, Q. Yang, and D. R. Yang, “Demonstration of optical microfiber knot resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(22), 223501 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. C. Johnson, H. Q. Yan, P. D. Yang, and R. J. Saykally, “Optical cavity effects in ZnO nanowire lasers and waveguides,” J. Phys. Chem. B107(34), 8816–8828 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Khorasaninejad and S. S. Saini, “Bend waveguides on silicon nanowire optical waveguides (SNOW),” IEEE Photon. J.3(4), 696–702 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, L. J. Lauhon, K. H. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, “Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks,” Science294(5545), 1313–1317 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. A. Ibrahim, W. Cao, Y. Kim, J. Li, J. Goldhar, P.-T. Ho, and C. H. Lee, “All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 36–38 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, L. J. Lauhon, K. H. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, “Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks,” Science294(5545), 1313–1317 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. A. Ibrahim, W. Cao, Y. Kim, J. Li, J. Goldhar, P.-T. Ho, and C. H. Lee, “All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 36–38 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Maikap, M. H. Liao, F. Yuan, M. H. Lee, C.-F. Huang, S. T. Chang, and C. W. Liu, “Package-strain-enhanced device and circuit performance,” IEDM. Tech. Dig., 233–236 (2004).
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. A. Ibrahim, W. Cao, Y. Kim, J. Li, J. Goldhar, P.-T. Ho, and C. H. Lee, “All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 36–38 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Gradecak, F. Qian, Y. Li, H. G. Park, and C. M. Lieber, “GaN nanowire lasers with low lasing thresholds,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(17), 173111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Maikap, M. H. Liao, F. Yuan, M. H. Lee, C.-F. Huang, S. T. Chang, and C. W. Liu, “Package-strain-enhanced device and circuit performance,” IEDM. Tech. Dig., 233–236 (2004).
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Gradecak, F. Qian, Y. Li, H. G. Park, and C. M. Lieber, “GaN nanowire lasers with low lasing thresholds,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(17), 173111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- C. J. Barrelet, A. B. Greytak, and C. M. Lieber, “Nanowires photonic circuits elements,” Nano Lett.4(10), 1981–1985 (2004). [CrossRef]
- X. F. Duan, Y. Huang, R. Agarwal, and C. M. Lieber, “Single-nanowire electrically driven lasers,” Nature421(6920), 241–245 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, L. J. Lauhon, K. H. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, “Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks,” Science294(5545), 1313–1317 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. He and C. M. Lilley, “Surface effect on the elastic behavior of static bending nanowires,” Nano Lett.8(7), 1798–1802 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Maikap, M. H. Liao, F. Yuan, M. H. Lee, C.-F. Huang, S. T. Chang, and C. W. Liu, “Package-strain-enhanced device and circuit performance,” IEDM. Tech. Dig., 233–236 (2004).
- L. M. Tong, J. Y. Lou, R. R. Gattass, S. L. He, X. W. Chen, L. Liu, and E. Mazur, “Assembly of silica nanowires on silica aerogels for microphotonic devices,” Nano Lett.5(2), 259–262 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, J. Y. Lou, R. R. Gattass, S. L. He, X. W. Chen, L. Liu, and E. Mazur, “Assembly of silica nanowires on silica aerogels for microphotonic devices,” Nano Lett.5(2), 259–262 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Ma, Y. Ding, D. Moore, X. D. Wang, and Z. L. Wang, “Single-crystal CdSe nanosaws,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.126(3), 708–709 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Maikap, M. H. Liao, F. Yuan, M. H. Lee, C.-F. Huang, S. T. Chang, and C. W. Liu, “Package-strain-enhanced device and circuit performance,” IEDM. Tech. Dig., 233–236 (2004).
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. A. J. Marcatili, “Bends in optical dielectric guides,” Bell Syst. Tech. J.48, 2103–2132 (1969).
- A. V. Maslov and C. Z. Ning, “Reflection of guided modes in a semiconductor nanowire laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(6), 1237–1239 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, J. Y. Lou, R. R. Gattass, S. L. He, X. W. Chen, L. Liu, and E. Mazur, “Assembly of silica nanowires on silica aerogels for microphotonic devices,” Nano Lett.5(2), 259–262 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Gourley, J. K. Hendricks, A. E. McDonald, R. G. Copeland, K. E. Barrett, C. R. Gourley, and R. K. Naviaux, “Ultrafast nanolaser flow device for detecting cancer in single cells,” Biomed. Microdevices7(4), 331–339 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Ma, Y. Ding, D. Moore, X. D. Wang, and Z. L. Wang, “Single-crystal CdSe nanosaws,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.126(3), 708–709 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Zimmler, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Optically pumped nanowire lasers: invited review,” Semicond. Sci. Technol.25(2), 024001 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Zimmler, J. M. Bao, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Laser action in nanowires observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- P. L. Gourley, J. K. Hendricks, A. E. McDonald, R. G. Copeland, K. E. Barrett, C. R. Gourley, and R. K. Naviaux, “Ultrafast nanolaser flow device for detecting cancer in single cells,” Biomed. Microdevices7(4), 331–339 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Maslov and C. Z. Ning, “Reflection of guided modes in a semiconductor nanowire laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(6), 1237–1239 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Gradecak, F. Qian, Y. Li, H. G. Park, and C. M. Lieber, “GaN nanowire lasers with low lasing thresholds,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(17), 173111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- P. J. Pauzauskie, D. J. Sirbuly, and P. D. Yang, “Semiconductor nanowire ring resonator laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(14), 143903 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Gradecak, F. Qian, Y. Li, H. G. Park, and C. M. Lieber, “GaN nanowire lasers with low lasing thresholds,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(17), 173111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y. G. Wei, R. Yang, and Z. L. Wang, “Self-powered nanowire devices,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(5), 366–373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, J. Fu, M. Qiu, Y. H. Li, F. X. Gu, and L. M. Tong, “Modeling bending losses of optical nanofibers or nanowires,” Appl. Opt.48(22), 4365–4369 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. S. Wang, Z. F. Hu, H. K. Yu, W. Fang, M. Qiu, and L. M. Tong, “Endface reflectivities of optical nanowires,” Opt. Express17(13), 10881–10886 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Zimmler, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Optically pumped nanowire lasers: invited review,” Semicond. Sci. Technol.25(2), 024001 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Zimmler, J. M. Bao, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Laser action in nanowires observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Khorasaninejad and S. S. Saini, “Bend waveguides on silicon nanowire optical waveguides (SNOW),” IEEE Photon. J.3(4), 696–702 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. C. Johnson, H. Q. Yan, P. D. Yang, and R. J. Saykally, “Optical cavity effects in ZnO nanowire lasers and waveguides,” J. Phys. Chem. B107(34), 8816–8828 (2003). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Pauzauskie, D. J. Sirbuly, and P. D. Yang, “Semiconductor nanowire ring resonator laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(14), 143903 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- B. Yan, R. Chen, W. W. Zhou, J. X. Zhang, H. D. Sun, H. Gong, and T. Yu, “Localized suppression of longitudinal-optical-phonon-exciton coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Nanotechnology21(44), 445706 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. S. Wang, Z. F. Hu, H. K. Yu, W. Fang, M. Qiu, and L. M. Tong, “Endface reflectivities of optical nanowires,” Opt. Express17(13), 10881–10886 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, J. Fu, M. Qiu, Y. H. Li, F. X. Gu, and L. M. Tong, “Modeling bending losses of optical nanofibers or nanowires,” Appl. Opt.48(22), 4365–4369 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. S. Jiang, L. M. Tong, G. Vienne, X. Guo, A. Tsao, Q. Yang, and D. R. Yang, “Demonstration of optical microfiber knot resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(22), 223501 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Tong, J. Y. Lou, R. R. Gattass, S. L. He, X. W. Chen, L. Liu, and E. Mazur, “Assembly of silica nanowires on silica aerogels for microphotonic devices,” Nano Lett.5(2), 259–262 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. S. Jiang, L. M. Tong, G. Vienne, X. Guo, A. Tsao, Q. Yang, and D. R. Yang, “Demonstration of optical microfiber knot resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(22), 223501 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. S. Jiang, L. M. Tong, G. Vienne, X. Guo, A. Tsao, Q. Yang, and D. R. Yang, “Demonstration of optical microfiber knot resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(22), 223501 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. Altug, D. Englund, and J. Vučković, “Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser,” Nature2, 484–488 (2006).
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. S. Wang, Z. F. Hu, H. K. Yu, W. Fang, M. Qiu, and L. M. Tong, “Endface reflectivities of optical nanowires,” Opt. Express17(13), 10881–10886 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, J. Fu, M. Qiu, Y. H. Li, F. X. Gu, and L. M. Tong, “Modeling bending losses of optical nanofibers or nanowires,” Appl. Opt.48(22), 4365–4369 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Ma, Y. Ding, D. Moore, X. D. Wang, and Z. L. Wang, “Single-crystal CdSe nanosaws,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.126(3), 708–709 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y. G. Wei, R. Yang, and Z. L. Wang, “Self-powered nanowire devices,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(5), 366–373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Ma, Y. Ding, D. Moore, X. D. Wang, and Z. L. Wang, “Single-crystal CdSe nanosaws,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.126(3), 708–709 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Wei, K. Zheng, Y. Ji, Y. F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and X. D. Han, “Size-dependent bandgap modulation of ZnO nanowires by tensile strain,” Nano Lett.12(9), 4595–4599 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y. G. Wei, R. Yang, and Z. L. Wang, “Self-powered nanowire devices,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(5), 366–373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y. G. Wei, R. Yang, and Z. L. Wang, “Self-powered nanowire devices,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(5), 366–373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y. G. Wei, R. Yang, and Z. L. Wang, “Self-powered nanowire devices,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(5), 366–373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Yan, R. Chen, W. W. Zhou, J. X. Zhang, H. D. Sun, H. Gong, and T. Yu, “Localized suppression of longitudinal-optical-phonon-exciton coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Nanotechnology21(44), 445706 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. C. Johnson, H. Q. Yan, P. D. Yang, and R. J. Saykally, “Optical cavity effects in ZnO nanowire lasers and waveguides,” J. Phys. Chem. B107(34), 8816–8828 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. X. Yan, D. Gargas, and P. D. Yang, “Nanowire photonics,” Nat. Photonics3(10), 569–576 (2009). [CrossRef]
- X. S. Jiang, L. M. Tong, G. Vienne, X. Guo, A. Tsao, Q. Yang, and D. R. Yang, “Demonstration of optical microfiber knot resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(22), 223501 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. X. Yan, D. Gargas, and P. D. Yang, “Nanowire photonics,” Nat. Photonics3(10), 569–576 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. J. Pauzauskie, D. J. Sirbuly, and P. D. Yang, “Semiconductor nanowire ring resonator laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(14), 143903 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. C. Johnson, H. Q. Yan, P. D. Yang, and R. J. Saykally, “Optical cavity effects in ZnO nanowire lasers and waveguides,” J. Phys. Chem. B107(34), 8816–8828 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. S. Jiang, L. M. Tong, G. Vienne, X. Guo, A. Tsao, Q. Yang, and D. R. Yang, “Demonstration of optical microfiber knot resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(22), 223501 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y. G. Wei, R. Yang, and Z. L. Wang, “Self-powered nanowire devices,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(5), 366–373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. S. Wang, Z. F. Hu, H. K. Yu, W. Fang, M. Qiu, and L. M. Tong, “Endface reflectivities of optical nanowires,” Opt. Express17(13), 10881–10886 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, J. Fu, M. Qiu, Y. H. Li, F. X. Gu, and L. M. Tong, “Modeling bending losses of optical nanofibers or nanowires,” Appl. Opt.48(22), 4365–4369 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Yan, R. Chen, W. W. Zhou, J. X. Zhang, H. D. Sun, H. Gong, and T. Yu, “Localized suppression of longitudinal-optical-phonon-exciton coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Nanotechnology21(44), 445706 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Maikap, M. H. Liao, F. Yuan, M. H. Lee, C.-F. Huang, S. T. Chang, and C. W. Liu, “Package-strain-enhanced device and circuit performance,” IEDM. Tech. Dig., 233–236 (2004).
- B. Yan, R. Chen, W. W. Zhou, J. X. Zhang, H. D. Sun, H. Gong, and T. Yu, “Localized suppression of longitudinal-optical-phonon-exciton coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Nanotechnology21(44), 445706 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- B. Wei, K. Zheng, Y. Ji, Y. F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and X. D. Han, “Size-dependent bandgap modulation of ZnO nanowires by tensile strain,” Nano Lett.12(9), 4595–4599 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Wei, K. Zheng, Y. Ji, Y. F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and X. D. Han, “Size-dependent bandgap modulation of ZnO nanowires by tensile strain,” Nano Lett.12(9), 4595–4599 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- B. Wei, K. Zheng, Y. Ji, Y. F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and X. D. Han, “Size-dependent bandgap modulation of ZnO nanowires by tensile strain,” Nano Lett.12(9), 4595–4599 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Yan, R. Chen, W. W. Zhou, J. X. Zhang, H. D. Sun, H. Gong, and T. Yu, “Localized suppression of longitudinal-optical-phonon-exciton coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Nanotechnology21(44), 445706 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Zimmler, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Optically pumped nanowire lasers: invited review,” Semicond. Sci. Technol.25(2), 024001 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Zimmler, J. M. Bao, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Laser action in nanowires observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051101 (2008). [CrossRef]
Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
Appl. Opt.
- H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, J. Fu, M. Qiu, Y. H. Li, F. X. Gu, and L. M. Tong, “Modeling bending losses of optical nanofibers or nanowires,” Appl. Opt.48(22), 4365–4369 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- S. Gradecak, F. Qian, Y. Li, H. G. Park, and C. M. Lieber, “GaN nanowire lasers with low lasing thresholds,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(17), 173111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Zimmler, J. M. Bao, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Laser action in nanowires observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- X. S. Jiang, L. M. Tong, G. Vienne, X. Guo, A. Tsao, Q. Yang, and D. R. Yang, “Demonstration of optical microfiber knot resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(22), 223501 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Maslov and C. Z. Ning, “Reflection of guided modes in a semiconductor nanowire laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(6), 1237–1239 (2003). [CrossRef]
Bell Syst. Tech. J.
- E. A. J. Marcatili, “Bends in optical dielectric guides,” Bell Syst. Tech. J.48, 2103–2132 (1969).
Biomed. Microdevices
- P. L. Gourley, J. K. Hendricks, A. E. McDonald, R. G. Copeland, K. E. Barrett, C. R. Gourley, and R. K. Naviaux, “Ultrafast nanolaser flow device for detecting cancer in single cells,” Biomed. Microdevices7(4), 331–339 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE Photon. J.
- M. Khorasaninejad and S. S. Saini, “Bend waveguides on silicon nanowire optical waveguides (SNOW),” IEEE Photon. J.3(4), 696–702 (2011). [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- T. A. Ibrahim, W. Cao, Y. Kim, J. Li, J. Goldhar, P.-T. Ho, and C. H. Lee, “All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 36–38 (2003). [CrossRef]
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
- C. Ma, Y. Ding, D. Moore, X. D. Wang, and Z. L. Wang, “Single-crystal CdSe nanosaws,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.126(3), 708–709 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Lightwave Technol.
- M. Lipson, “Guiding, modulating, and emitting light on silicon-challenges and opportunities,” J. Lightwave Technol.23(12), 4222–4238 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. Chem. B
- J. C. Johnson, H. Q. Yan, P. D. Yang, and R. J. Saykally, “Optical cavity effects in ZnO nanowire lasers and waveguides,” J. Phys. Chem. B107(34), 8816–8828 (2003). [CrossRef]
Nano Lett.
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, J. Y. Lou, R. R. Gattass, S. L. He, X. W. Chen, L. Liu, and E. Mazur, “Assembly of silica nanowires on silica aerogels for microphotonic devices,” Nano Lett.5(2), 259–262 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Wei, K. Zheng, Y. Ji, Y. F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and X. D. Han, “Size-dependent bandgap modulation of ZnO nanowires by tensile strain,” Nano Lett.12(9), 4595–4599 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. J. Barrelet, A. B. Greytak, and C. M. Lieber, “Nanowires photonic circuits elements,” Nano Lett.4(10), 1981–1985 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. He and C. M. Lilley, “Surface effect on the elastic behavior of static bending nanowires,” Nano Lett.8(7), 1798–1802 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nano Res.
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
Nanotechnology
- B. Yan, R. Chen, W. W. Zhou, J. X. Zhang, H. D. Sun, H. Gong, and T. Yu, “Localized suppression of longitudinal-optical-phonon-exciton coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Nanotechnology21(44), 445706 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Nanotechnol.
- S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y. G. Wei, R. Yang, and Z. L. Wang, “Self-powered nanowire devices,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(5), 366–373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Photonics
- R. X. Yan, D. Gargas, and P. D. Yang, “Nanowire photonics,” Nat. Photonics3(10), 569–576 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
Nature
- H. Altug, D. Englund, and J. Vučković, “Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser,” Nature2, 484–488 (2006).
- X. F. Duan, Y. Huang, R. Agarwal, and C. M. Lieber, “Single-nanowire electrically driven lasers,” Nature421(6920), 241–245 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- J. Kim, A. Shinya, K. Nozaki, H. Taniyama, C.-H. Chen, T. Sato, S. Matsuo, and M. Notomi, “Narrow linewidth operation of buried-heterostructure photonic crystal nanolaser,” Opt. Express20(11), 11643–11651 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. A. Vlasov and S. J. McNab, “Losses in single-mode silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides and bends,” Opt. Express12(8), 1622–1631 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. S. Wang, Z. F. Hu, H. K. Yu, W. Fang, M. Qiu, and L. M. Tong, “Endface reflectivities of optical nanowires,” Opt. Express17(13), 10881–10886 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- P. J. Pauzauskie, D. J. Sirbuly, and P. D. Yang, “Semiconductor nanowire ring resonator laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(14), 143903 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, L. J. Lauhon, K. H. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, “Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks,” Science294(5545), 1313–1317 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Semicond. Sci. Technol.
- M. A. Zimmler, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Optically pumped nanowire lasers: invited review,” Semicond. Sci. Technol.25(2), 024001 (2010). [CrossRef]
Other
- A. E. Siegman, Lasers (University Science Books, Sausalito, CA, 1986).
- S. Maikap, M. H. Liao, F. Yuan, M. H. Lee, C.-F. Huang, S. T. Chang, and C. W. Liu, “Package-strain-enhanced device and circuit performance,” IEDM. Tech. Dig., 233–236 (2004).
- W. Demtrӧder, Laser Spectroscopy (Springer, 2003).
2012, Kim, Opt. Express
- B. Wei, K. Zheng, Y. Ji, Y. F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and X. D. Han, “Size-dependent bandgap modulation of ZnO nanowires by tensile strain,” Nano Lett.12(9), 4595–4599 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xiao, C. Meng, P. Wang, Y. Ye, H. K. Yu, S. S. Wang, F. X. Gu, L. Dai, and L. M. Tong, “Single-nanowire single-mode Laser,” Nano Lett.11(3), 1122–1126 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Fu, Z. Y. Zhang, L. Z. Kou, P. C. Wu, X. B. Han, X. L. Zhu, J. Y. Gao, J. Xu, Q. Zhao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Linear strain-gradient effect on the energy bandgap in bent CdS nanowires,” Nano Res.4(3), 308–314 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. Khorasaninejad and S. S. Saini, “Bend waveguides on silicon nanowire optical waveguides (SNOW),” IEEE Photon. J.3(4), 696–702 (2011). [CrossRef]
- B. Yan, R. Chen, W. W. Zhou, J. X. Zhang, H. D. Sun, H. Gong, and T. Yu, “Localized suppression of longitudinal-optical-phonon-exciton coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Nanotechnology21(44), 445706 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y. G. Wei, R. Yang, and Z. L. Wang, “Self-powered nanowire devices,” Nat. Nanotechnol.5(5), 366–373 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. N. Chen, G. Conache, M. E. Pistol, S. M. Gray, M. T. Borgström, H. Xu, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, and U. Håkanson, “Probing strain in bent semiconductor nanowires with Raman spectroscopy,” Nano Lett.10(4), 1280–1286 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Zimmler, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Optically pumped nanowire lasers: invited review,” Semicond. Sci. Technol.25(2), 024001 (2010). [CrossRef]
- X. Guo, M. Qiu, J. M. Bao, B. J. Wiley, Q. Yang, X. N. Zhang, Y. G. Ma, H. K. Yu, and L. M. Tong, “Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits,” Nano Lett.9(12), 4515–4519 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. X. Yan, D. Gargas, and P. D. Yang, “Nanowire photonics,” Nat. Photonics3(10), 569–576 (2009). [CrossRef]
- X. B. Han, L. Z. Kou, X. L. Lang, J. B. Xia, N. Wang, R. Qin, J. Xu, Z. M. Liao, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Shan, X. F. Song, J. Y. Gao, W. L. Guo, and D. P. Yu, “Electronic and mechanical coupling in bent ZnO nanowires,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(48), 4937–4941 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Zimmler, J. M. Bao, F. Capasso, S. Müller, and C. Ronning, “Laser action in nanowires observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett.93(5), 051101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. He and C. M. Lilley, “Surface effect on the elastic behavior of static bending nanowires,” Nano Lett.8(7), 1798–1802 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Zhou, Y. D. Gu, P. Fei, W. J. Mai, Y. F. Gao, R. S. Yang, G. Bao, and Z. L. Wang, “Flexible piezotronic strain sensor,” Nano Lett.8(9), 3035–3040 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. T. Hill, Y. S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Altug, D. Englund, and J. Vučković, “Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity laser,” Nature2, 484–488 (2006).
- P. J. Pauzauskie, D. J. Sirbuly, and P. D. Yang, “Semiconductor nanowire ring resonator laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96(14), 143903 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. S. Jiang, L. M. Tong, G. Vienne, X. Guo, A. Tsao, Q. Yang, and D. R. Yang, “Demonstration of optical microfiber knot resonators,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(22), 223501 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. L. Gourley, J. K. Hendricks, A. E. McDonald, R. G. Copeland, K. E. Barrett, C. R. Gourley, and R. K. Naviaux, “Ultrafast nanolaser flow device for detecting cancer in single cells,” Biomed. Microdevices7(4), 331–339 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Gradecak, F. Qian, Y. Li, H. G. Park, and C. M. Lieber, “GaN nanowire lasers with low lasing thresholds,” Appl. Phys. Lett.87(17), 173111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Tong, J. Y. Lou, R. R. Gattass, S. L. He, X. W. Chen, L. Liu, and E. Mazur, “Assembly of silica nanowires on silica aerogels for microphotonic devices,” Nano Lett.5(2), 259–262 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. J. Barrelet, A. B. Greytak, and C. M. Lieber, “Nanowires photonic circuits elements,” Nano Lett.4(10), 1981–1985 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Maikap, M. H. Liao, F. Yuan, M. H. Lee, C.-F. Huang, S. T. Chang, and C. W. Liu, “Package-strain-enhanced device and circuit performance,” IEDM. Tech. Dig., 233–236 (2004).
- C. Ma, Y. Ding, D. Moore, X. D. Wang, and Z. L. Wang, “Single-crystal CdSe nanosaws,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.126(3), 708–709 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. A. Ibrahim, W. Cao, Y. Kim, J. Li, J. Goldhar, P.-T. Ho, and C. H. Lee, “All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.15(1), 36–38 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Maslov and C. Z. Ning, “Reflection of guided modes in a semiconductor nanowire laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.83(6), 1237–1239 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. C. Johnson, H. Q. Yan, P. D. Yang, and R. J. Saykally, “Optical cavity effects in ZnO nanowire lasers and waveguides,” J. Phys. Chem. B107(34), 8816–8828 (2003). [CrossRef]
- X. F. Duan, Y. Huang, R. Agarwal, and C. M. Lieber, “Single-nanowire electrically driven lasers,” Nature421(6920), 241–245 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. M. Tong, R. R. Gattass, J. B. Ashcom, S. L. He, J. Y. Lou, M. Y. Shen, I. Maxwell, and E. Mazur, “Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding,” Nature426(6968), 816–819 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Q. Yan, Y. Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, and P. D. Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers,” Science292(5523), 1897–1899 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, L. J. Lauhon, K. H. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, “Logic gates and computation from assembled nanowire building blocks,” Science294(5545), 1313–1317 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. A. J. Marcatili, “Bends in optical dielectric guides,” Bell Syst. Tech. J.48, 2103–2132 (1969).
Cited By |
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.
Related Journal Articles 
- Effect of photon-energy-dependent loss and gain mechanisms on polarization switching in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (JOSAB)
- Properties and diffraction of vector Bessel–Gauss beams (JOSAA)
- Amplitude-squeezed emission from a transverse single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with weakly anticorrelated polarization modes (OL)
- Polarization-switching influence on the intensity noise of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (JOSAB)
- Optical feedback dependence of anticorrelation polarization dynamics in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (JOSAB)
Related Conference Papers 
- Nonlinear optical fiber loop mirror with feedback using high birefringence fiber in the loop
- Q parameter scaling in scalar and vector models with dominant signal-noise and noise-noise beating terms
- Bright asymmetrical dissipative optical solitons in transversally multilayered semiconductor laser waveguides with saturable illocal gain and fast-relaxing absorption
- Influence of inhomogeneities on wavelength selection of flower-like patterns in wide-aperture lasers
- Higher order polarization mode dispersion compensator with three degrees of freedom
- Firefox 11+
- Google Chrome 17+
- Internet Explorer 9+
- Safari 5+




OSA is a member of 